After Adams first term Hickory vs Oak Dirty campaigning in 1828 Name calling and mudslinging went crazy

Jackson wins 178 to 83 Jackson Warhero Common man done well Judge and Congressman Dueling, stabbings, bar fights, prize fights etc Slave owner from Tennessee Spoils system (ironic after attacks on Adams) Patronage and election contributions rewarded Tariff problems Good and bad Tariff of 1828 South against, North for State rights, Old South falling behind (or evening out) Tariff of 1832 South Carolina Calhoun Succession vs Jackson Invasion Great Compromiser Reduction in tariff Force bill

Native Populations Americanization Conversion Relocation Jackson Trail of Tears Bank War (East like, West hate)* Jackson thought too much power in non-government hands Wants to kill the national bank Set as election issue by Webster and Clay Jackson, against Supreme Court, vetoes Veto issues, power or duty? Election of 1832 Anti-Masonic Party (first real third party) Christian pressure National Conventions and platforms Big win for Jackson 219/49 Bleeding the Bank dry causes article of confederation level monetary problems. for Election of 1836 Whigs King Andrew. united only by dislike of Jackson. Supported Henry Clays American System and internal improvements.

Once formed, American would have at least two major political parties thenceforth.

The Election of 1836 Martin van Buren, American born chosen by Jackson The Whigs suffered from disorganization. Regional favored sons attempt. Big Woes for the Little Magician Van Buren was the first president to have been born in America, but he lacked the support of many Democrats and Jacksons popularity. Canadian and Bank problems Panic of 1837 wildcat banks Specie Circular Crops fail due to the Hessian fly British Banks Failure of small banks, including Pet Banks Whigs proposed expansion of bank credit, higher tariffs, and subsidies for internal improvements, but Van Buren spurned such ideas. Divorce Bill that advocated the independent treasury,

higs repealed it, but in 1846, as the Federal Reserve System Texas Stephen Austin had made an agreement with the Mexican government to bring about 300 families into a huge tract of granted land to settle. (1) they must become Mexican citizens (2) they must become Catholic (3) no slavery allowed These stipulations were largely ignored by the new settlers. The Lone Star Rebellion The Texans (among them Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie) resented the foreign government, but they were led by Sam Houston In 1830, Mexico freed its slaves and prohibited them in Texas, causing anger In 1833, Stephen Austin went to Mexico City to clear up differences and was jailed for 8 months. In 1835, dictator Santa Anna started to raise an army to suppress the Texans; the next year, they declared their independence. After armed conflict and slaughters at the Alamo and at Goliad, Texan war cries rallied citizens, volunteers, and soldiers, and the turning point came after Sam Houston led his army for 37 days

eastward, then turned on the Mexicans, taking advantage of their siesta hour, wiping them out, and capturing Santa Anna. The treaty he was forced to sign was later negated by him on grounds that the treaty was extorted under duress. Texas was supported in their war by the United States, but Jackson was hesitant to formally recognize Texas as an independent nation until he had secured Martin Van Buren as his successor, but after he succeeded, Jackson did indeed recognize Texas on his last day before he left office, in 1837. Many Texans wanted to become part of the Union, but the slavery issue blocked this. It would undo the Compromises Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840 In 1840, William Harrison was nominated with John Tyler as his running mate. 2. He had only been popular from Tippecanoe (1811) and the Battle of the Thames (1813). 3. A Democratic editor also helped Harrisons cause when he called the candidate a poor old farmer with hard cider and inadvertently made him look like many poor Westerners. 4. With slogans of Tippecanoe and Tyler too, the Whigs advocated this poor mans president idea and replied, to such questions of the bank, internal improvements, and the tariff, with answers of log cabin, hard cider, and Harrison is a poor man. 5. The popular election was close, but Harrison blew Van Buren away in the Electoral College. 6. Basically, the election was a protest against the hard times of the era.
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Politics for the People 1. When the Federalists had dominated, democracy was not respected, but by the 1820s, it was widely appealing. o Politicians now had to bend to appease and appeal to the masses, and the popular ones were the ones who claimed to be born in log cabins and had humble backgrounds. o Those who were aristocratic (too clean, too well-dressed, too grammatical, to highly intellectual) were scorned. 2. Western Indian fighters and/or militia commanders, like Andrew Jackson, Davy Crocket, and William Henry Harrison, were quite popular. 3. Jacksonian Democracy said that whatever governing that was to be done should be done directly by the people. 4. This time was called the "New Democracy", and was based on universal suffrage. o In 1791, Vermont became the first state admitted to the union to allow all white males to vote in the elections. 5. While the old bigwigs who used to have power sneered at the coonskin congressmen and the bipeds of the forest, the new democrats argued that if they messed up, they messed up together and were not victims of aristocratic domination. The Two-Party System 1. The Democrats had so successfully absorbed the Federalist ideas before, that a true two party system had never emerged until now. 2. The Democrats o Glorified the liberty of the individual. o Clung to states rights and federal restraint in social and economic affairs.

Mostly more humble, poorer folk. o Generally from the South and West. 3. The Whigs o Trumpeted the natural harmony of society and the value of community. o Berated leaders whose appeals and self-interest fostered conflict among individuals. o Favored a renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, public schools, and moral reforms. o Mostly more aristocratic and wealthier. o Generally from the East. 4. Things in Common o Based on the people, with catchall phrases for popularity. o Both also commanded loyalties from all kinds of people.
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