Renewable

Fluid Power Technology 4144 and 7076 Assignment 3 Due TBA (but after you have received all the relevant lectures) 2012 Renewable Fluid Power Technology Exam Part I: Please circle the correct answer in the exam paper. (3 marks for each correct answer and -1 mark for each wrong answer) 1. At the end of 2008, which of the following EU countries generated the most wind power electricity, relative to their national electricity demand? a) Germany c) Denmark b) Ireland d) Spain 2. During the design of a wind farm the average wind speed was over-estimated by 1m/s. What is the approximate change in cost of energy produced? a) increase by about 40% b) increase by about 60% c) increase by about 10% d) decrease by about 30%. 3. In a particular location, the ground surface friction coefficient is 0.2. If the wind speed measured at a height of 10m is 8m/s, what is the wind speed at a height of 50m? a) 39.7 km/h c) 20.88km/h b) 20.88 m/s d)11.03km/h 4. If a wind turbine with the rotor radius of 2m and Cp = 40% has a rated wind speed of 15 Knots, what is it rated power output under standard air condition? a) 2.76kW c)1.38kW b) 3.45kW d)64.4 kW 5. If a hydro-turbine converts kinetic energy of a water jet hitting buckets to power, and there is no pressure drop across the turbine, it may be a a) Propeller turbine c) Francis turbine b) Turgo d) Kaplan turbine 6. What is the group velocity of a deep water wave of 100m wavelength? a) 6.5m/s c)13m/s b) 100m/s d)10m/s 7. In a deep sea wave with amplitude of 2m and wavelength of 100m, the radius (r) of the water particle circular motion below the surface 3 meter is a) 1.317m c) 13.17m b) 2m d) 1.656m 8. A sea water wave has the root mean square amplitude of 1.4m. If the density of the sea water is 1.1kg/L, the total energy in the wave is a) 21.13 kW/m2 c) 10.56 kW/m2 2 b) 21.13 kJ/m d)10.56 kJ/m2

9. Solar power potential is about 1 kW/m2. What wind speed gives the same power potential, if the air density = 1.15g/l? a) 15m/s c) 12m/s b) 17m/s d) 10m/s 10. A tidal current turbine has swept area of 1m2 and an efficiency of 50%. The density of the sea water is 1.1kg/L. When the maximum current speed is 2m/s, the average power it can generate during the tide is: a) 880W c) 4400W b) 1100W d) 800W Part 2: 1. A wind power company is to build a 100MW wind farm (100 wind turbines, 1MW each). The production is around 3000 MWh/turbine/year in the (class 4 wind) area. The utility company is paying an estimated $0.05/kWh for the electricity produced and government pays another $0.03/kWh as renewable energy credit. The Wind farm however, needs to pay 4% loyalty to the land owner, ie. 4% of the money from the utility company. If the installed cast are $1600/kW, FCR = 9% of installed cost, AOM = $0.005/kWh. What are the COE and payback time for this wind farm, if the LCR = $15,000/turbine/year. (6 marks) 2. State the assumptions used in the Log law wind speed profile/model. (3marks) 3. In a potential wind turbine location, the wind speed data has been found to fit the Weibull PDF well with the parameters: the scale parameter c = 6m/s and the shape parameter k =1.8. Estimate the number of hours per year that the wind speed will be between 6.5 and 7.5 m/s, and the number of hours the wind speed is above 16m/s during the year. (10 marks) 4. A two blade HAWT with a rotor radius of 5m at sea level where the density is1.225kg/m3. If the wind is blowing at an average speed of 10m/s a. what is the power of the wind through the swept area of the rotor? b. What is the maximum power can be generated by this HAWT at the average wind speed if its performance curve is given in the diagram below? c. To generate this maximum power at the average wind speed, at what RPM should the rotor of this HAWT be operated? (6 marks)

5. A propeller hydro-turbine has shape number = 4 and produces 100kW (mechanical power at an effective head of 6m. Its efficiency is 70%. Calculate a. the flow rate (going through the turbine), and b. the angler speed of the turbine shaft. (5marks) 6. The theoretical curves of torque versus rpm for a VAWT for different wind speeds are given in the diagram below. There are 3 ways to operate the VAWT. The turbine can be operated at constant TSR that gives the maximum power coefficient (line B), constant rpm (line A) or constant torque (line C). When wind speed is 20m/s, calculate the power generated by the VAWT for the following conditions. a. The VAWT is operating at constant 160rpm (line A). b. The VAWT is operating at the constant TSR (line B) c. The VAWT is operating at constant torque of 6000Nm (line C). (6 marks)

 7. An Oscillating water column is designed to have 3 meter wide waterfront (wave) intake. When a deep water wave of wave length 80 m and amplitude 1m, the column can generate 20kW (electrical) power. Its electrical efficiency is 90%. What is the overall energy conversion efficiency of the Oscillating water column? The density of the sea water is 1.025kg/L (4 marks)