Chem 11 Part I: Safety

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Name:____KEY_________ Block:_________________

1. A __FIRE BLANKET_____ is used to spread over and put out a small fire on the workbench. All reactions involving hazardous or irritating volatile chemicals should be carried out in a __FUMEHOOD__. Never add water to concentrated _ACID_. Never return unused chemicals to their original container, this could cause _CONTAMINATION or REACTION__. Long hair should be _TIED UP_ during experiments. Broken glass and spilled chemicals must be _CLEANED UP / REPORTED__. Always handle hot test tubes with _TESTTUBE CLAMPS __. Acid / Alkali burns are more serious than acid / alkali burns because _YOU DONT FEEL THE BURNING RIGHT AWAY _. Part II: Significant Figures 1. How many sig figs? a) 1 476 765 b) 0.004556 c) 146008 d) 0.010101 a) 6764 x 49.1 __7________________ __4________________ __6________________ __5________________ = __3.32 x 105___ = __7.349 x 105__ = __2.42 x 103___ = __447 885_____ e) 3 000 000 f) 1090 g) 3.0045 h) 5.0005 e) 6 478.1 24 f) 108 x 10-3 g) (3 x 104)(2 x 10-6) h)
5.2 10 3 1.3 10 4

__1________________ __3________________ __5________________ __5________________ = __6454_______ = __105_________ = __6 x 10-2_____ = __4.0 x 10-3____

2. Calculate the following, rounding off to the appropriate number of sig figs: b) 11 470 x 64.07 c) 14.7 x 164.3 d) 447 954 69.01

3. Write the following in 3 sig figs: a) 1.072 b) 721 746 c) 76 549 __1.07_________ __7.22 x 105____ __7.65 x 104____ d) 7.500 e) 0.6306 __7.50_________ __6.31 x 10-1____

f) 0.004559 __4.56 x 10-3____

Part III: Chemical Formulae 1. Give the name or formula of the following: a) magnesium hydroxide ___Mg(OH)2____ b) iron II bromide___FeBr2_____________ c) H2SO4__sulphuric acid______________ d) HBrO____hydrogen hypobromide____ e) copper I perchlorate__CuClO4_________ f) sulphur trioxide___SO3______________ 2. How many atoms in each of the following formulae? a) BaSO4 b) CuSO45H2O a) melting butter b) baking muffins c) electrolysis a) sugar and water b) flour and water c) glass Part IV: The Mole __1-Ba, 1-S, 4-O_____ 1-Cu, 1-S, 9-O, 10-H_ __P_______________ __C_______________ __C_______________ __SOLUTION______ __SUSPENSION____ __SOLUTION______ c) H3PO4 d) Fe2(SO4)3 __3-H, 1-P, 4-O_____ __2-Fe, 3-S, 12-O____ g) KCl___potassium chloride___________ h) SnF4___tin(IV) fluoride_____________ i) LiNO2__lithium nitrite______________ j) PCl3___phosphorous trichloride______ k) lithium acetate__LiCH3COO__________ l) sodium phosphide___Na3O___________

3. Classify the following as a chemical or physical change: d) dissolving sugar __P_______________ e) silver tarnishing __C_______________ f) distillation d) gold f) oil and water __P_______________ _P.S. (ELEMENT)__ __SUSPENSION____

4. Classify the following as a solution, suspension, or pure substance (element or compound): e) copper II sulphate P.S. (COMPOUND)_

1. State Avogadros Hypothesis: _EQUAL VOLUMES OF GASES (AT THE SAME TEMP. AND PRESSURE) CONTAIN EQUAL NUMBERS OF PARTICLES._____________________________ 2. Calculate the molar mass of the following: a) HNO3 _63.0 g/mol c) LiCl _42.5 g/mol e) MgCO3 _84.3 g/mol f) Ag2SO4 _311.9 g/mol

b) Pb(NO3)2_331.2 g/mol

d) C6H22O11_270.0 g/mol

3. How many atoms of oxygen are contained in 22.0 g of CO2 (g)? 1 mol CO 2 6.02 10 23 molec. CO 2 2 atoms O 22.0 g CO 2 = 6.02 1023 atoms O 44.0 g CO 2 1 mol CO 2 1 molec. CO 2 4. How many molecules of carbon dioxide are there in 22.0 g of the gas? 1 mol CO 2 6.02 10 23 molec. CO 2 22.0 g CO 2 = 3.01 1023 molec. CO2 44.0 g CO 2 1 mol CO 2 5. How many moles is 19.2 g of NaCl?
19.2 g NaCl 1 mol NaCl = 0.328 mol NaCl 58.5 g NaCl

6. What is the mass of 3.2 moles of HgNO3? 262.6 g HgNO 3 3.2 mol HgNO 3 = 8.4 102 g HgNO 3 1 mol HgNO 3 7. What is the mass of 4.5 L of CO2 (g) at STP? 1 mol CO 2 44.0 g CO 2 4.5 L CO 2 = 8.8g CO2 22.4 L CO 2 1 mol CO 2 8. How many molecules are there in 4.5 L CO2 (g)? 1 mol CO 2 6.02 10 23 molec. CO 2 4.5 L CO 2 = 1.2 1023 molec. CO2 22.4 L CO 2 1 mol CO 2 9. A compound is composed of 19.01 g of carbon, 18.48 g of nitrogen, 25.34 g of oxygen and 1.58 g of hydrogen. Find the empirical formula of this compound.
1 mol C 1 mol O = 1.58 mol C 25.34 g O = 1.58 mol O 12.0 g C 16.0 g O 1 mol N 1 mol H 18.48 g N = 1.32 mol N 1.58 g H = 1.58 mol H C1.2N1O1.2H1.2 C6N5O6H6 14.0 g N 1.0 g H 19.01 g C

10. A 7.30 g sample of a hydrocarbon is burned to give 23.8 g of CO2 and 7.30 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the compound? 1 mol CO 2 1 mol C = 0.541 mol C CH + O2 CO2 + H2O 23.8 g CO 2 44.0 g CO 2 1 mol CO 2 1 mol H 2 O 2 mol H 7.30 g H 2 O = 0.811 mol H C0.541H0.811 C2H3 18.0 g H 2 O 1 mol H 2 O 11. Find the percent composition of a compound which is 10.12 g of aluminum and 17.93 g of sulphur.
10.12 g Al 28.05 g 100% = 36.1 % Al 17.93 g S 28.05 g 100% = 63.9 %S

12. A compound is composed of 7.20 g of carbon, 1.20 g of hydrogen and 9.60 g of oxygen. The molar mass of the compound is 180 g. Find the empirical formula and the molecular formula of this compound.
7.20 g C 1 mol C 1 mol O = 0.600 mol C 9.60 g O = 0.600 mol O 12.0 g C 16.0 g O 1 mol H = 1.20 mol H 1.0 g H

1.20 g H

C0.6H1.2O0.6 CH2O (empirical) 180 g/mol = n

30.0 g CH 2 O 1 mol CH 2 O

n = 6 C6H12O6 (molecular) Part V: Chemical Reactions 1. Balance the following equations: a) _2_ K + _2_ H2O _2_ KOH + ___ H2 b) _4_ FeS2 + _11 O2 _2_ Fe2O3 + _8_ SO2 c) ___ Br2 + _2_ KI _2_ KBr + ___ I2 d) _2_ C15H30 + _45 O2 _30 CO2 + _30 H2O e) _2_ AgNO3 + ___ CuCl2 _2_ AgCl + ___ Cu(NO3)2 f) ___ CaC2 + _2_ O2 ___ Ca + _2_ CO2 g) _2_ HgO _2_ Hg + ___ O2 Classification: __single replacement__________ __combustion________________ __single replacement__________ __combustions_______________ __double replacement_________ single replacement / combustion __decomposition_____________

2. Classify each equation in question #1 as synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization (water forming). 3. Complete the equation and balance it afterwards. a) _2_ C6H6 + _15 O2 6 H2O + 12 CO2 b) ___ Pb + ___ KNO3 No Reaction c) ___ ZnSO4 + ___ SrCl2 SrSO4 + ZnCl2 4. Give an example of a reaction that is exothermic and one that is endothermic. On which side of the equation must the energy term be in each case? examples vary A + B C + ENERGY (exothermic) A + ENERGY B + C (endothermic) 5. Write the following equations in chemical notation and balance if needed (include subscripts): a) solid calcium carbonate when heated decomposes into solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) b) aqueous lead II nitrate combines with aqueous potassium chromate to form solid lead II chromate and aqueous potassium nitrate. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + K2CrO4 (aq) PbCrO4 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq) c) hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas combine to form ammonia gas. 3 H2 (g) + N2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) Part VI: Stoichiometry 1. 5 g of silver reacts with nitric acid to form nitrogen monoxide, silver nitrate and water. a) Write the balanced equation. 3 Ag + 4 HNO3 NO + 3 AgNO3 + 2 H2O b) Calculate the # of moles of silver nitrate produced.
5 g Ag 3 mol AgNO 3 1 mol Ag = 0.05 molAgNO 3 107.9 g Ag 3 mol Ag

c) Calculate the # of grams of nitric acid required in the reaction. 4 mol HNO 3 63.0 g HNO 3 1 mol Ag 5 g Ag = 4 gHNO 3 107.9 g Ag 3 mol Ag 1 mol HNO 3 2. When 5.45 g of KClO3 decomposes, potassium chloride and oxygen gas are produced. a) Write the balanced equation. 2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2 b) How many moles of potassium chloride are produced? 1 mol KClO 3 2 mol KCl 5.45 g KClO 3 = 0.0445 mol KCl 122.5 g KClO 3 2 mol KClO 3 c) How many grams of oxygen are produced? 1 mol KClO 3 3 mol O 2 32.0 g O 2 5.45 g KClO 3 = 2.14 g O2 122.5 g KClO 3 2 mol KClO 3 1 mol O 2 3. When solid calcium oxide decomposes, it produces solid calcium and oxygen gas. a) Write the balanced equation. 2 CaO 2 Ca + O2 b) How many moles of calcium are produced from 31 g of calcium oxide?
31 g CaO 1 mol CaO 2 mol CaO = 0.55 mol Ca 56.1 g CaO 2 mol Ca

c) How many grams of calcium oxide will produce 21.5 g of oxygen? 1 mol O 2 2 mol CaO 56.1 g CaO 21.5 g O 2 = 75.3 g CaO 32.0 g O 2 1 mol O 2 1 mol CaO 4. If 3.78 g of fluorine are reacted with 10.5 g of hydrogen to produce hydrogen fluoride, which reactant is in excess and which reactant is the limiting reagent? Determine the mass of the excess and the mass of the product formed. F2 + H2 2 HF 1 mol F2 1 mol H 2 3.78 g F2 = 0.0995 mol F2 Limiting10.5 g H 2 = 5.21 mol H2 Excess 38.0 g F2 2.016 g H 2 2.016 g H 2 (5.21 mol H 2 - 0.0995 mol H 2 used) = 10.3 gH2 Excess 1 mol H 2
0.0995 mol F2 2 mol HF 20.0 g HF = 3.98 gHF 1 mol F2 1 mol HF

5. If 25.26 g of copper react with an excess of chlorine, 50.52 g of copper II chloride are produced. Calculate the theoretical and the percent yield. Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 1 mol Cu 1 mol CuCl 2 134.5 g CuCl 2 25.26 g Cu = 53.5 g CuCl 2 63.5 g Cu 1 mol Cu 1 mol CuCl 2 50.52 g CuCl 2 actual yield % yield = 100% = 100% = 94.4% theoretical yield 53.5 g CuCl 2 6. How many moles are there in 10.6 L of SO2 (g) at STP?
10.6 L SO 2 1 mol = 0.473 mol SO2 22.4 L

7. What is the mass in grams of 3.45 mL of O2 (g) at STP? 1 mol 32.0 g O 2 0.00345 L O 2 = 0.00493 g O2 22.4 L 1 mol O 2 8. How many atoms are there in 15.0 L of Ar (g) at STP?
15.5 L Ar 1 mol 6.02 10 23 atoms Ar = 4.03 1023 atoms Ar 22.4 L 1 mol Ar

Part VII: Gases 1. If 2.00 mole of O2 (g) occupy 200 L at 0 C, what is the pressure of the O2? PV=nRT
nRT P= = V (2.00 mol)(8.31 kPaL )(273 K) molK = 22.7 kPa 200 L

2. How many moles of N2 (g) can be contained in a 3.50 L cylinder at 45 C and 202.6 kPa? PV (202.6 kPa)(3.50 L) n= = = 0.268 mol N2 kPaL RT (8.31 )(318 K) molK 3. A gas sample at 7 C and 304 kPa pressure contains 1.30 x 1022 molecules. What is the volume of the gas?
nRT V= = P (0.0216 mol)(8.31 kPaL )(280 K) molK = 0.165 L 304 kPa

4. The reaction of 2 K (s) + 2 H2O (l) 2 KOH (aq) + H2 (g) produced 45.3 mL of H2 (g) at a temperature of 22 C and 97.8 kPa pressure. What mass of K (s) was used in the reaction? PV (97.8 kPa)(0.0453 L) n= = = 0.00181 mol H2 kPaL RT (8.31 )(295 K) molK
0.00181 mol H 2 2 mol K 39.1 g K = 0.141 gK 1 mol H 2 1 mol K

Part VIII: Composition of the Atom 1. Fill in the table: symbol C Au Zn He Cs BrEu Sc3+ At. # 6 79 30 2 55 35 63 21 At. Mass 12 197 65 4 133 80 152 45 #p 6 79 30 2 55 35 63 21 #n 6 118 35 2 78 45 89 24 #e 6 79 30 2 55 36 63 18

2. Define isotope and give 3 examples. Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers (different #s of neutrons) Examples will vary

Part IX: The Periodic Table 1. State how each of the following varies as you go across a row or down a column of the periodic table: a) electronegativity: b) atomic radius: c) ionization energy: d) metallic properties: 2. How many electrons must each halogen atom gain to be isoelectronic (same number of electrons) with the adjacent noble gas? What charge does each halogen atom have when it is isoelectronic with the adjacent noble gas? gain 1 electron becomes -1 charge 3. Give the electron configuration of the following: a) Li__1s22s1 ___________________________________ b) C__1s 2s 2p ___________________________________ c) Ca__1s22s22p63s23p64s2 ___________________________________ Part X: Chemical Bonding 1. Identify the bond type of the following (hint: use your table of electronegativities): a) HBr b) HCl c) H2 __Ionic __Ionic __Covalent d) I2 e) PCl3 f) CCl4 __Covalent __Covalent __Covalent g) LiCl __Ionic
2 2 2

See textbook / notes

d) Ca2+__1s22s22p63s23p6__________________ e) Ba__[Xe] 6s2__________________________ f) Br__[Ar] 4s23d104p5____________________ g) Br1-__[Ar] 4s23d104p6___________________ h) P3-__[Ne] 3s23p6_______________________

h) MgO __Ionic i) AsF3 __Covalent

2. Draw electron-dot structures (Lewis structures) for the following: a) Na

d)

b)

c)

Ne Mg b) P3-

e)

f)

HO2Si

g)

h)

i)

Sr2+ Al N3-

3. What must be the charge on the following atoms in order for them to be stable? Why must this be so? a) Ca2+ a) NH3 c) Cld) B3+ 4. Draw electron-dot structures for the following compounds:

b) H2O

c) CO2

d) SO32-

e) C2H4

f) MgCl2

5. How does the bond distance vary between a single, double, and triple bond? Which one requires more energy to break? C---------C C===C CC triple bonds require more energy to break Part XI: Solutions 1. Draw a table which classifies matter based on its composition (i.e. classify mixtures and pure substances into mechanical mixtures, suspensions, solutions, elements and compounds). Then classify this table based on its differences in properties (i.e. using homogeneous and heterogeneous classifications). See Textbook / Notes 2. Differentiate between the following terms: a) saturated / unsaturated: b) miscible / immiscible: c) soluble / insoluble: 3. Write dissociation equations for the following (make sure that they are balanced!): a) NaCl (s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) b) KNO3 (s) K+(aq) + NO3-(aq) c) NH4Cl (s) NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq) d) Fe2(SO4)3 (s) 2 Fe3+(aq) + 3 SO42-(aq) 4. How many grams of NaCl are there in 250 mL of a 2.50 M solution?
0.250 L 2.50 mol 58.5 g = 37gNaCl 1L 1 mol
1 mol 1L = 5L 142 g 0.750 mol

See textbook / notes

5. What volume of 0.750 M solution could be prepared from 500 g of Na2SO4?

500 g Na 2 SO 4

6. What is the molarity of a solution containing 250 g of CaCl2 in 1500 mL of solution?

250 g 1 mol =1.5M 1.500 L 111 g

7. One litre of 12.0 M HCl is diluted to 20.0 litres. What is the molarity of the diluted solution?
12.0 M 1L = 0.600 M 20.0 L 0.1 L = 1.00 M x

8. To what volume must 100 mL of 6.00 M HCl be diluted in order that the resulting solution be 1.00 M?
6.00 M

x = 0.6 L (600 mL)

9. If 90 mL of 0.35 M HNO3 is added to 50 mL of 0.40 M NaNO3, what is the concentration of all of the ions in the final solution?
0.090 L 0.050 L = 0.2M [NaNO 3 ] = [Na + ] = 0.40 M = 0.1 M 0.140 L 0.140 L [NO 3 ] = [HNO 3 ] + [NaNO 3 ] = 0.2 M + 0.1M = 0.3M [HNO 3 ] = [H + ] = 0.35 M

10. Write the net ionic equations and state which ions are the spectator ions for each of the reactions that occur when we mix the following: a) AgNO3 / K2CO3 b) FeBr3 / KOH c) Na3PO4 / MgSO4 d) Cr2(SO4)3 / (NH4)2SO3 Part XII: Acids & Bases 1. Give 5 characteristics of acids and 5 characteristics of bases. See Textbook / Notes 2 Ag+(aq) + CO32-(aq) Ag2CO3 (s) Fe3+(aq) + 3 OH-(aq) Fe(OH)3 (s) 3 Mg2+(aq) + 2 PO43-(aq) Mg3(PO4)2 (s) 2 Cr3+(aq) + 3 SO32-(aq) Cr2(SO3)3 (s) K+, NO3K+, BrNa+, SO42NH4+, SO42-

2. 28.7 mL of 0.452 M KOH are required to neutralize 35.0 mL of HBr solution. What is the concentration of the HBr?
+ mol OH - = mol H + = 0.0287 L 0.452 M = 0.0130 mol [H ] = [HBr] =

0.0130 mol = 0.371 M 0.0350 L

3. What volume of 0.230 M Ca(OH)2 is required to neutralize 50.0 mL of 0.560 M HCl? Write out your balanced equation first. Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l) mol HCl = 0.0500 L 0.560 M = 0.0280 mol 1 mol Ca(OH) 2 1L 0.0280 mol HCl = 0.0609 L 2 mol HCl 0.230 mol Ca(OH) 2

Part XIII: Organic Chemistry 1. Explain what is wrong with each of the following. If a given name is incorrect, provide the correct name. a)
H3C CH HC CH3 CH C CH3

c)

H3C

CH OH

CH3

propanol 2-propanol d) H3C

CH3 CH CH3 CH3

1,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclobutene 2,3,4-trimethyl-1-cyclobutene b) 2-bromo-4-hexyne 5-bromo-2-hexyne 2. Draw the following compounds. Include all hydrogens. a) 2,3-dimethylheptane
CH3 CH3 H3C CH CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

too many bonds on circled carbon

e) 1,4-dimethyl-3-propylbenzene
CH3 H H

b) 1-hexanol
H O H C H

H C H

H C H

H C H

H C H

H C H H

H CH3

CH2 CH2 CH3

f) methylcyclohexane c) 1,2-difluorocyclopropane
F F H C C CH2 H H2C HC

CH3 CH2

g) trans-2-pentene
H C H3C C H

H2C

CH2

CH2 CH3

H2C

CH2 CH2

d) 4-ethyl-3-octene
H3C CH2 CH

H2C C

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

h) cis-3-hexene

H3C

CH2 C H C

CH2 CH3 H

3. Name the following molecules.

CH3

CH2 CH2 CH3

a) H3C CH CH2 CH3 methylbutane

CH3 H3C CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2

f)
H3C C C

propylbenzene
CH2 CH2 CH CH3 Br

b)

CH3

g) 6-bromo-2-heptyne
H Cl C C Cl H C C Br Cl

4-ethyl-3-methylheptane
C C C C C

h)

trichloromethane

c) cis-4-methyl-2-pentene
I

i) Br

CH3 trans-1,2-dibromopropene CH2 CH2 CH3 C H

d)
C C

Br 1-bromo-2-iodocyclobutane OH C C

H3C CH2 CH2 C

j)

cis-4-octene

e) 1-butanol

Match the following descriptions to the appropriate compounds: k) propyne l) an aldehyde m) ethene n) a ketone o) glycerol (1) C2H4
O

__6_________________ __10________________ __1_________________ __7_________________ __8_________________

p) an amide r) an ether t) an ester

Br

__11_____________ __9______________ __2______________

q) an unsaturated fatty acid__4___________ s) metadibromobenzene__3_____________

(2) H3C

CH3

(3)

Br

(4) HO

Br

O CH3

(7) H3C (5)

Br HO HO

(10) H3C

CH2 CH CH2

(8) HO

(11) H3C (12) C2H2 (13) H3C

NH2

(6)

(9) H3C CH2 O CH2 CH3

O

OH

(14) HO