UK Passivhaus Conference October 2011

Aiming for the Passivhaus/EnerPHit standard in occupied buildings

Dan Gibbons, bere:architects www.bere.co.uk dan.gibbons@bere.co.uk

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Retrofit for the Future

The RfF programme was split into two phases, Phase 1 saw 194 design and feasibility studies developed, while Phase 2 took 86 of these studies and funded the implementation of the retrofit proposals Each of the projects will see innovative plans put in place for low carbon refits of existing low-rise social housing that will meet the UK governments target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions of 80% by 2050, while also cutting energy use dramatically. Programme applicants were asked to develop whole house retrofit solutions that would result in deep cuts to CO2 emissions whilst also significantly improving energy performance. Applicants were required to take a whole house approach, i.e. to consider a households energy needs and carbon dioxide impacts as a whole, and establish a comprehensive package of measures to reduce them. (http://www.retrofitforthefuture.org)

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Existing Buildings
Terraced house No loft insulation Solid wall construction Single-glazed metal-framed windows Lean-to extension Concrete ground slab

(Semi) detached house No loft insulation Solid wall construction Poorly fitted double-glazed windows Suspended timber ground floor 3 Passfield Drive Bay window in poor repair 78 Grove Road

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Existing Buildings
3 Passfield Drive before the Retrofit works

3 Passfield Drive before the Retrofit works (rear extension)

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Passfield Drive

Initial Proposals

The proposed Retrofit works as shown on the original competition entry

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Passfield Drive

Initial Proposals

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Initial Proposals
The proposed Retrofit works as shown on the original competition entry

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Grove Road

Initial Proposals

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Grove Road

Initial Proposals
3 Passfield Drive 3 Passfield Drive

A Passivhaus Planning Package (PHPP) assessment of the energy requirements of the existing house

A PHPP assessment of the proposed Retrofit works as shown on the original competition entry

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Passfield Drive

Initial Proposals
Passive House Verification

78 Grove Road

78 Grove Road
Photo or Drawing

Building: Location and Climate: Street: Postcode/City: Country: Building Type: Home Owner(s) / Client(s): Street: Postcode/City: Architect: Street: Postcode/City: Mechanical System: Street: Postcode/City: Year of Construction: Number of Dwelling Units: Enclosed Volume Ve: Number of Occupants: Specific Demands with Reference to the Treated Floor Area Treated Floor Area:

TSB retrofit for the future property proposed work Hounslow, London GB-London 78 Grove Road TW3 3PT London United Kingdom Detached house Hounslow Council Lampton Road TW3 4DN Hounslow bere:architects 73 Poets Road N5 2SH

No Standard Climate

Calculation Electricity / Internal Heat Gain

Building Type:

Alan Clarke The Woodlands, Woodland Close, Whitecroft GL15 4PL Lydney 1950's 1 353.1
2.7
m3 Interior Temperature: Internal Heat Gains:

Internal Heat Gains

Utilisation Pattern:

21.0 2.1

C W/m2

Type of Values Used:

Planned Number of Occupants:

Design

84.2
Applied:

Monthly Method

PH Certificate:

Fulfilled?

Verification:

Monthly Method

Specific Space Heat Demand: Pressurization Test Result: Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating, Cooling, Auxiliary and Household Electricity):
(DHW, Heating and Auxiliary Electricity):

26 0.6 94
53

kWh/(m a) h
-1

15 kWh/(m2a)
0.6 h-1

No Yes

Specific Space Heat Dema

Specific Space Heat Dema

kWh/(m a) kWh/(m a) kWh/(m2a)

2

120 kWh/(m a)

Yes

Specific Primary Energy Demand

Specific Primary Energy Demand Energy Conservation by Solar Electricity: Heating Load: Frequency of Overheating: Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand: Cooling Load:

W/m2 % kWh/(m2a) W/m

2

over

25

15 kWh/(m2a)

A Passivhaus Planning Package (PHPP) assessment of the energy requirements of the existing house

A PHPP assessment of the proposed Retrofit works as shown on the original competition entry

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Grove Road

Existing Buildings

78 Grove Road before the Retrofit works

78 Grove Road before the Retrofit works

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Grove Road

Architect: Schulze Darup & Partner

Location: Bernadottestrae, Nrnberg Year of first construction: 1964 Year of retrofit: 2006 Heated floor area: 918m2 Number of residences: 24 > 31

images: Dr. Burkhard Schulze Darup schulze darup & partner architekten nrnberg

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Precedent Study

Retrofit: Walls: 200-240mm external insulation = 0.16-0.14 W/(mK) Roof Terrace: 200mm external insulation = 0.18 W/(mK) Ceilings: 120-240mm = 0.16-0.22 0.18 W/(mK) Windows: triple glazing = 0.92 W/(mK) Heat Recovery Ventilation = 85% Efficiency District heating system

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Precedent Study

Retrofit: Walls: 200-240mm external insulation = 0.16-0.14 W/(mK) Roof Terrace: 200mm external insulation = 0.18 W/(mK) Ceilings: 120-240mm = 0.16-0.22 0.18 W/(mK) Windows: triple glazing = 0.92 W/(mK) Heat Recovery Ventilation = 85% Efficiency District heating system

New Build Loft Apartments: 6 new Passivhaus certified apartments 70-110m

250 200
kWh/(ma)

150 100 50 0

heating demand kWh/(my)

204
Before before

26
After after

15
Lofts lofts

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Precedent Study

Retrofit Works

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Passivhaus Windows and Doors

Windows and doors achieve 0.8 W/(m2K) Timber frames position windows and doors within line of insulation Frames provide tolerance to allow early ordering of windows 3 Passfield Drive Existing windows remain in place longer 78 Grove Road

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Passivhaus Windows and Doors

Airtight membranes provide continuity between the window sealing tapes and the parge coat of the external walls

The window sealing tapes are continuous with rabbit ears at the corners to facilitate sealing and allow for differential movement

The rabbit ears are folded back so that they can be sealed to the membranes

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Passivhaus Windows and Doors

membranes and tapes provide continuous seal to parge coat

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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External Insulation

240mm EPS insulation to front and rear walls. (180mm extended one meter below ground creating thermal bubble beneath building) Average U-values: pre-retrofit = 1.76 W/(m2K) post retrofit = 0.117W/(m2K)

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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External Insulation

200mm and 250mmm EPS insulation to front and rear walls. (180mm extended one meter below ground creating thermal bubble beneath house) Average U-values: pre-retrofit = 1.76 W/(m2K) post retrofit = 0.13 W/(m2K)

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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New Construction

New extension insulated with 375mm wood fibre insulation to walls and 225mm mineral wool and 150mm wood fibre insulation to roof.

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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New Construction

New bay window construction insulated with 375mm wood fibre insulation to walls and 225mm mineral wool.

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Floor Insulation

150mm Mineral wool suspended between timber joists on geo-textile membrane

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Floor Insulation

Original proposals assumed that the suspended timber floor could be replaced with a similar insulated slab requiring a decant of the tenants

Geo-textile membranes were laid across the floor joists to support mineral wool insulation. OSB boards are laid over the floor and taped to the walls to provide an airtightness barrier. This work was also carried out on a room by room basis

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Grove Road

Floor Insulation

10mm thick Vacuum Insulation panels protected by 4mm sheets of EPS sheets

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Floor Insulation

Original proposals assumed that the ground floor slab could be replaced with a new insulated slab requiring a decant of the tenants

Prefabricated vacuum insulation panels were fitted above the existing concrete ground floor slab; protected with foam sheets. The insulation could be installed one room at a time

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Passfield Drive

Roof Insulation

490mm mineral wool insulation to attic space

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Roof Insulation

100mm mineral wool and 300mm cellulose insulation to attic space U value = 0.10 W/(m2K) PUR insulation at eaves provides continuity of insulation from attic space to walls

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Roof Insulation

Original proposals assumed that the existing roof tiles could be replaced allowing insulation to be installed between and above the rafters. Hounslow Homes wanted to avoid the requirement for a temporary roof and requested an alternative solution.

Eaves were extended to allow continuity of insulation from the loft to the walls without removing the entire roof

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Grove Road

Heat Recovery Ventilation

Paul Novus 300 Heat Recovery Ventilation units located in loft spaces provide continuous hygienic ventilation Tilt and turn windows provide secure natural ventilation in summer

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Heat Recovery Ventilation

Duct routes follow chimney breasts and existing storage spaces to minimise intrusion into living spaces

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Solar Thermal

Grove Road: 3 no. AuroTHERM exclusive VTK570/2 tube collectors with new Vaillant solar cylinder and boiler. Passfield Drive: 2 no. AuroTHERM plus VFK 150V collectors with Vaillant cylinder and reconditioned Vaillant boiler. 3 Passfield Drive 78 Grove Road

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Other Measures
Breathable internal insulation on party walls Low flow taps and dual flush WC throughout High performance insulation (0.038 W/m2K at 40C) to hot water pipes. All timber products were either FSC or PEFC. Water butt and outside tap provided to assist residents commitment to their garden Additional kitchen and bathroom upgrades carried out by RSLs during retrofit works to minimise later disruptions

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Air Tightness
Continuous membrane installed in attic sealed to parge coat on walls. Continuous seal from parge coat to airtightness membranes in extension. Windows sealed to parge coat with continuous tapes. Airtightness grommets fitted to all service penetrations. Passfield Drive: Improved airtightness from 5.6 ach - 1.9 ach at 50Pa Grove Road: Improved airtightness from 6.3 ach - 1.7 ach at 50Pa
(as verified by ALDAS and BSRIA)

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Air Tightness

A continuous membrane installed in the loft at Passfield Drive to create the airtightness barrier, sealed to the external walls.

The membrane proved difficult to install; requiring many taped joints and difficult sealing details around service penetrations

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Passfield Drive

Air Tightness

18mm OSB provides the airtight barrier. Membranes are used to seal around roof timbers and connect to the external walls

The boards allowed access to be maintained in the roof space and simple seals to be used around services

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Grove Road

Air Tightness: potential losses

air infiltration through interstitial floors suggested party walls may be source of some air losses

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Air Tightness: potential losses

additional losses through discontinuity of air tightness layer at foundation level

3 Passfield Drive

78 Grove Road

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Passfield Drive User Guide

This house is built towards a building A standard called Passivhaus.
A
A

10 7

5
Entrance

The term passivhaus refers to A an advanced low energy construction standard for buildings, which have excellent comfort conditions in both winter and summer. They typically achieve a heating saving of 90% compared to existing housing. Passivhaus buildings are easy to live in and require little maintenance, but they do have some important features, which are explained in this guide. The features are simple to operate, but a A full understanding A will help you get the lowest energy
A

A consumption and best comfort. This guide has been design by Alan Clarke and bere:architects for you (the user) to understand how a passivhaus works and how to operate the controls in this house. Each feature is labelled on the drawings below, highlighting their locations and briefly explaining how to operate them in the corresponding text. Please take the time to read this guide and familiarise yourself with the A A controls.
A

Wall construction Outside air intake

Supply ducts Extract ducts Insulation

10 2
Bedroom

Kitchen

1
Roof space

8 2 10 9 2

3
Bathroom Bedroom

Bedroom

Dining area Sitting area

Radiator

Living room

3
WC

9
Garden

Living room

Bedroom

2
Sitting area

WC

2 2
A

9 Second floor plan 10 Section AA 9 Insulation and draft free construction

This house has been wrapped in insulation, floor walls and roof. The front wall has 200mm, rear 250mm, the roof 490mm and vacuum insulation on the floors. Every penetrations of this insulation has been sealed to produce a draft free building suitable for using a heat recovery unit. These improvement will make your energy cost much lower.

Passfield drive north elevation 1 Heat recovery ventilation unit

This unit saves heat from the internal air produced by solar gains, people and electric items to preheat a supply of fresh air. If air heating is not required only fresh filtered air is supplied. A These filters need to be replaced every 6months in London. The system saves about 10 times more energy than it uses! It is located in the store in an insulated cupboard.

Ground floor plan 3 Extract air vents

These vents remove possible Astale and damp air from the kitchen, bathroom and WC. The heat recovery unit saves heat, which saves money. The ventilation runs continuously all year round but special motors have tiny energy consumption. The extract air vent filter in the kitchen needs to be cleaned about every 3 months depending on use.

First floor plan

A

5 Thermostat
The thermostat in the entrance way sets the temperature for your house. 20-21C is the normal temperature, but you could turn it down if you are away for a few days or just for a few hours to save energy. To adjust the room temperature, locate the room temperature display and simple rotate the right knob up or down.

A control panel A 7 Boiler and

This boiler serves as back up for the solar tank (6). If there has not been enough sun the water in the solar tank may not be hot enough for heating or showering. In this instance the gas boiler will top up the solar tank. There is no need to amended the setting on the boiler. To turn the heating up use the thermostat (5).

2 Fresh air vents

The fresh air (pre-warmed in winter) is supplied by the heat recovery unit and delivered to the bedrooms and living room using these fresh air vents. The heating system (6,7) is automatic but you can adjust the fan speed (4) manually with the wall mounted panel in the kitchen. This will keep the air fresh during a family gathering or intensive cooking (in addition to the extractor fan.

4 Heat recovery ventilation control panel

The fresh air system can be left on auto but the fan speed can also be manually changed using this panel during cooking or if the bathrooms are steamy. If you go away for a period of time dont turn it off but leave it on the lowest speed.

6 Solar tank and control panel

This unit stores hot water produced by the panel (8) on your roof and for the heating and added water heated by the gas boiler (7). The tank is well insulated meaning there is hot water day and night. The temperate of the tank is set with the control panel below. The space heating is controlled with the Thermostat in the entrance way (5) and not via this panel.

8 Hot water from the sun

In summer almost all the water in the solar tank is heated by the sun shining on the solar panel on the roof. In winter the panel can heat the bottom half of the tank and the boiler is used to top up the temperature. This means there is always hot water available in the tank even on a cloudy day.

10 Windows (for summer cooling)

To keep the internal temperature cool in the summer utilise the cooler night temperatures by leaving the windows open in the secure tilt position overnight. If its hotter outside in the day you can shut the windows then turn the heat recovery ventilation to summer by pass using the user settings on the control panel (4) to keep cool inside. Please refer to the heat recovery ventilation unit manual surplied by AD enviro. bere:architects (passivhaus specialists) Tel: 020 7359 4503 E-mail: bere@bere.co.uk

For further information regarding these features:

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AD enviro (passfield drive building contractor) Consult the specific manufactures guides supplied

Alan Clarke (Building Services Engineer) Tel: 01594 563356 E-mail: alan@arclarke.co.uk

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Handover

Results

Passive House Verification

Passive House Verification

3 Passfield Drive
Photo or Drawing

78 Grove Road
Photo or Drawing

Building: Location and Climate: Street: Postcode/City: Country: Building Type: Home Owner(s) / Client(s): Street: Postcode/City: Architect: Street: Postcode/City: Mechanical System: Street: Postcode/City: Year of Construction: Number of Dwelling Units: Enclosed Volume Ve: Number of Occupants: Specific Demands with Reference to the Treated Floor Area Treated Floor Area:

TSB retrofit for the future property proposed work London GB-London 3 Passfield Drive E14 6QJ London United Kingdom Terraced house Southern Housing P0 Box 643 West Sussex RH12 1XJ bere:architects 73 Poets Road N5 2SH London

Building: Location and Climate: Street: Postcode/City: Country: Building Type: Home Owner(s) / Client(s): Street: Postcode/City: Architect: Street: Postcode/City: Mechanical System: Street: Postcode/City:

TSB retrofit for the future property proposed work Hounslow, London GB-London 78 Grove Road TW3 3PT London United Kingdom Detached house Hounslow Council Lampton Road TW3 4DN Hounslow bere:architects 73 Poets Road N5 2SH

1960's 1 352.9
4.0
m3 Interior Temperature: Internal Heat Gains:

Alan Clarke The Woodlands, Woodland Close, Whitecroft GL15 4PL Lydney 1950's 1 353.1
2.4
m3 Interior Temperature: Internal Heat Gains:

Year of Construction:

20.0 2.1

C W/m 2

Number of Dwelling Units: Enclosed Volume Ve: Number of Occupants: Specific Demands with Reference to the Treated Floor Area

20.0 2.1

C W/m2

82.2
Applied:

m2
Annual Method PH Certificate: Fulfilled?

Treated Floor Area:

76.0
Applied:

m2
Monthly Method PH Certificate: Fulfilled?

Specific Space Heat Demand: Pressurization Test Result: Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating, Cooling, Auxiliary and Household Electricity):
(DHW, Heating and Auxiliary Electricity):

25 1.9 119
58

kWh/(m2a) h-1 kWh/(m a)

2 kWh/(m a) 2

15 kWh/(m2a)
0.6 h-1 120 kWh/(m 2a)

No No Yes

Specific Space Heat Demand: Pressurization Test Result: Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating, Cooling, Auxiliary and Household Electricity):
(DHW, Heating and Auxiliary Electricity):

28 1.7 97
56

kWh/(m2a) h-1 kWh/(m2a) kWh/(m2a) kWh/(m2a)

15 kWh/(m2a)
0.6 h-1 120 kWh/(m2a)

No No Yes

Specific Primary Energy Demand

Specific Primary Energy Demand

Specific Primary Energy Demand Energy Conservation by Solar Electricity: Heating Load: Frequency of Overheating: Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand: Cooling Load:

kWh/(m a) 0 W/m2 % kWh/(m a) W/m

2 2

Specific Primary Energy Demand Energy Conservation by Solar Electricity:

over

25

Heating Load: Frequency of Overheating: Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand: Cooling Load:

15 kWh/(m 2a)

15

W/m2 % kWh/(m2a) W/m2

over

25

15 kWh/(m2a)

We confirm that the values given herein have been determined following the PHPP methodology and based on the characteristic values of the building. The calculations with PHPP are attached to this application.

Issued on: signed:

We confirm that the values given herein have been determined following the PHPP methodology and based on the characteristic values of the building. The calculations with PHPP are attached to this application.

Issued on: signed:

Predicted specific heat demand reduction of 91%

Predicted specific heat demand reduction of 94%

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PHPP 2007, Verification

369pd ph 110225slh SAM PHPP Passfield ENERPHIT trial

Results

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Results

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Results

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Results

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thank you

Dan Gibbons, bere:architects www.bere.co.uk dan.gibbons@bere.co.uk

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