Trends in Testing, Assessment and Evaluation

Chapter 1
Teaching Learning Assessment Evaluation Measurement Testing

What is teaching ?
Think of different ways to define teaching. Write down at least three different definitions of teaching. Pair up with someone to choose the best ONE of your definitions.

Definitions of Teaching
To present information, insights. To reveal knowledge or skill. To help students learn.
NOTE: All of the above can be accomplished either deliberately or incidentally. That is, you can teach by means of explicit instruction, ongoing guidance, deliberate modeling, or accidental example.

Teaching
Teaching iseducating Teaching is instruction, or transfering knowledge from one to another Teaching is to help the individual to learn. Or the activities and operations carried out by the teacher to facilitate the learning process Teaching is trying to answer the student needs to learn by adjusting the methodology based on the students learning style Teaching is output (Roberts Abiola ) Teaching is giving out Teaching is to impart knowledge or skill (Olaseindemi Adebambo Oyebanji )

Learning
Learning is receiving knowledge and committing it to memory Learning: is the desired change in the behavior of the individual results from passing a certain expertise. Learning: the throry pertain to the student oriented reason on how they can learn in the way they do such as the learning styles, habits etc. learning is input (Roberts Abiola) learning is to acquire knowledge or skill by study (Olaseindemi Adebambo Oyebanji ) learning is taking in. learning is used in the sense of knowledge.

Learning Outcomes
Learning outcomes are statements of what is expected that a student will be able to DO as a result of a learning activity. Quality Assurance:
INPUT PROCESS

Descriptors

OUTCOMES

Test, Measurement easurement, , Assessment and Evaluation

Test: 1. Used to collect information 2. Measurement instrument 3. Designed to elicit specific sample of behavior

Test, Measurement easurement, , Assessment and Evaluation

Measurement is the set of procedures and the principles for how to use the procedures in educational tests and assessments. Eg: percentile ranks, derived scores, standard scores, etc 1. Quantification: assigning numbers 2. Characteristics: abilities, traits, attributes, constructs 3. Rules and procedures: must be replicable Quality of measurement: validity and reliability Measurement = test+ Quantitative Data

Test, Measurement easurement, , Assessment and Evaluation

Assessment The process of gathering information to monitor progress and make educational decisions if necessary. An assessment may include a test but also include methods such as observations, interviews, behaviour monitoring, etc

Assessment = Measurement + Qualitative Data

Measurement
Quantitative description of students (result always expressed in numbers Ex 35/40)

Assessment
Quantitative description (measurement) and qualitative description (nonmeasurement) of students

Test, Measurement easurement, , Assessment and Evaluation

Evaluation: The use of measurement in making decisions 1. Systematic 2. Gathering of information 3. Making decisions: value judgments Evaluation = Assessment + Judgment

Differences between assessment and evaluation

Dimension of Difference Timing Focus of Measurement Relationship Between Administrator and Recipient Findings, Uses Thereof Ongoing Modifiability of Criteria, Measures Thereof Standards of Measurement Relation Between Objects of A/E Assessment Formative Process-Oriented Reflective Diagnostic Flexible Absolute Cooperative Evaluation Summative Product-Oriented Prescriptive Judgmental Fixed Comparative Competitive

Assessment
Formative: Ongoing to Improve Learning Process-Oriented: How Learning Is Going Reflective: Internally Defined Criteria/Goals Diagnostic: Identify Areas for Improvement

Evaluation
Summative: Final to Gauge Quality Product-Oriented: Whats Been Learned Prescriptive: Externally Imposed Standards Judgmental: Arrive at an Overall Grade/Score

(from various sources, but especially Dan Apple 1998)

Assessment
Flexible: Adjust As Problems are Clarified Absolute: Strive for Ideal Outcomes Cooperative: Learn from Each Other

Evaluation
Fixed: To Reward Success, Punish Failure Comparative: Divide Better from Worse Competitive: Beat Each Other Out

Test, Measurement easurement, , Assessment and Evaluation

Evaluation

Assessment Measurement Test