1.

Muhammad Bin Musa al-Khwarzami

LIFE : Place of birth : Khwarzim Year of birth : 780 A.D. Year of death : 847 A.D. FIELDS : i. Geography ii. Music iii. Mathematics iv. Astronomy v. History ACHIEVEMENTS : i. First to use Zero ii. Compiled the oldest Astronomical Table iii. Composed oldest works on Arithmetic and Algebra iv. GAve analytical solution of linear and quadratic equations WORKS : i. " Hisab al-Jabr wal Muqabla " ii. " Kiab Surat-ul-Ard " iii. " Kitab al-Tareekh " iv. " Zijj " --- his own Astronomical table __________________________________________________________

2. Abu Ali Hassan Ibn al-Haitham

LIFE : Place of birth : Basra Year of birth : 965 A.D. Year of death : 1040 A.D. FIELDS : i. Medicine ii. Astronomy iii. Mathematicsiv. Physics ACHIEVEMENTS : i. Described nature of light ii. Described the phenomenon of vision iii. First to elaborate 2 laws of reflection of light iv. First to declare that light is the form of energyv. Discovered magnifying glassesvi Opined that Retina is responsible for visionvii. Identified gravity as a forceviii. Discovered the laws of refraction WORKS : i. " Kitab al-Manazir " --- Optics ii. " Mizan al-Hikmah " --- Density of atmosphere __________________________________________________________

3. Abu Rehan al-Beruni

LIFE : Place of birth : Khwarzim Year of birth : 973 A.D. Year of death : 1048 A.D. FIELDS : i. Metaphysics ii. Geography iii. Mathematics iv. History v. Philosophy vi. Physics ACHIEVEMENTS : i. Explained problems of advanced trignometry ii. Hs theory --- Light travels faster than air iii. Concept of logitude and latitude iv. His idea --- Earth is not stationary WORKS : i. " Kitab al-Hind " --- Travels through India ii. " Qanun-e-MAsudi " --- Astronomy iii. " Al-Athar al-Baqia " --- Latitude and Longitude iv. " Kitab al-Saidana " --- Various medicinesv. " Kitab al-Jawahir " --- Properties of precious stones _____________________________________________________________

4. Umer Khayam
LIFE : Place of birth : Khurasan Year of birth : 1044 A.D. Year of death : 1123 A.D. FIELDS : i. Poetry ii. Astronomy iii. Mathematics iv. Astrology v. Physics ACHIEVEMENTS : i. First one to prove binomial theorem ii. Classified algebric equations iii. Introduced the Jalali Calendar iv. Recognized 13 forms of cubic eqautions v. Developed accurate method for the determination of specific gravity WORKS : i. " De Aspectabus " --- Geometrical and physiological optics

ii. " Al-Tareekh al-Jalali " iii. " Risala-dar Wajud " --- Metaphysics iv. " Noroz-nama"v. " Rubaiyat " --- Poetry and figures of Sufism _____________________________________________________________

5. Abu AIshaq al-Kindi

LIFE : Place of birth : Kufa Year of birth : 800 A.D. Year of death : 873 A.D. FIELDS : i. Chemistry ii. Astronomy iii. Mathematics iv. Astrology v. Music vi. Philosophy vii. Physicsvii. Astronomyviii. Logic ACHIEVEMENTS : i. Wirked on the reflection of light ii. Worked on geometrical optics iii. Defined Philosophy as " The establishment of what is true and right " iv. Determined and applied correct dosage v. Explained the laws related to the gravitational fall of the bodies WORKS : i. " De Aspectabus " --- Geometrical and physiological optics ii. " On The Art Of Averting Sorrows " iii. " De Medicinarum Compositarum Grabidus " --- Maths and Medicine iv. " Books Of Balances"v. " Philosophical Treatises Og Al-Kindi " _________________________________________________________________

6. Abu Musa Jabir Bin Hayyan

LIFE : Place of birth : Tous, Iran Year of birth : 721 A.D. Year of death : 815 A.D. FIELDS : i. Chemistry ii. Astronomy iii. Engineering iv. Astrology v. Geology vi. Philosophy vii. Physics viii. Pharmacy ix. Physiology

ACHIEVEMENTS : i. Invented over 20 types of chemical laboratoryequipment ii. Invented new chemical processes :- Distillation:- Calcination :- Sublimation :- Evaporation:- Crystallization iii. He also discovered:- Sulphuric Acid :- Hydrochloric Acid :- Nitric Acid :- Citric Acid :- Acetic Acid :- Aqua Regia iv. The first to classify Sulphur and Murcury among the metals v. Preventing rust vi Engraving gold vii. Tannong leather viii. Invented a paper that resisted fire ix. Invented ink that could be read at night WORKS : i. " The Great Book Of Mercy " ii. " One Hundred And Twelve Books " iii. " The Book Of The Seventy " iv. " Books Of Balances"v. " Five Hundred Books "vi. " Composition Of Alchemy " _________________________________________________________________

7. Abu Ali Ibne Sina

LIFE : Place of birth : Bukhara. Year of birth : 980 A.D. Year of death : 1037 A.D. FIELDS : i. Geology ii. Physiology iii. Mathematics iv. Astronomy v. Philosophy ACHIEVEMENTS : i. First to use cathaters made of the skins of animals ii. Distribution of diseases by water and soil iii. Recognised the nature of Tuberculosis iv. Discussed interaction between Psychology and health v. Mentioned intra-vesical injections by means of silver syringe WORKS : i. " Al-Qanun Fil Tib " ---- Human physiology and medicine ii. " Kitab al-Shifa " ----- Philosophical ecyclopedia iii. " al-Najat " ----- Philosophy iv. " Isharat " ----- Philosophy

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8. Zakariya al-Razi
LIFE : Place of birth : Ray, Iran. Year of birth : 864 A.D. Year of death : 930 A.D. FIELDS : i. Medicine ii. Chenistry iii. Mathematics iv. Astronomy v. Philosophy ACHIEVEMENTS : i. First to use opium for anesthesia ii. First to use animal gut as ligature iii. Recognized the reaction of pupil to the light iv. Classfied chemical substances v. Preparation of alcohol WORKS : i. " al-Hawi " ---- Encyclopedia of medicine ii. " Diseases In Children " ----- a monograph iii. " al-Judari Wa'al-Husbah " ----- Smallpox and Measles iv. " Kitab-ul-Asrar " ----- Chemical substances v. " Kitab-ul-Mansuri " vi. " Barr-ul-Saat " _________________________________________________________________