The Silent Way Method

The Silent Way

The Chomskyan criticism of the theories upon which the audiolingual method was founded led to an interest in not only the affective factors but also on the cognitive factors. While Community Language Learning, drawing from Carl Rogers philosophy, focused on the importance of the affect, new methods were developed in the 70s to highlight the cognitive domain in language learning. The Silent Way is one of these innovative methods. In Fact, Caleb Gattegno, the founder of the Silent Way,devoted his thinking to the importance of problem solving approach in education.He contends that the method is constructivist and leads the learners to develop their own conceptual models of all the aspects of the language. The best way of achieving this is to help students to be experimental learners.

Features
The Silent Way is characterized by its focus on discovery, creativity, problem solving and the use of accompanying materials. Richards and Rodgers (1986:99) summarized the method into three major features.
1. Learning is facilitated if the learner discovers or creates. The Silent way belongs to the tradition of teaching that favors hypothetical mode of teaching (as opposed to expository mode of teaching) in which the teacher and the learner work cooperatively to reach the educational desired goals. (cf Bruner 1966.) The learner is not a bench bound listener but an active contributor to the learning process. 2. Learning is facilitated by accompanying (mediating) physical objects . The Silent Way uses colorful charts and rods (cuisinere rods) which are of varying length. They are used to introduce vocabulary ( colors, numbers, adjectives, verbs) and syntax (tense, comparatives, plurals, word order ) 3. Learning is facilitated by problem solving involving the material to be learned. This can be summarized by Benjamin Franklins words: Tell me and I forget Teach me and I remember Involve me and I learn A good silent way learner is a good problem solver. The teachers role resides only in giving minimum repetitions and correction, remaining silent most of the times, leaving the learner struggling to solve problems about the language and get a grasp of its mechanism.

Disadvantages

The Silent Way is often criticized of being a harsh method. The learner works in isolation and communication is lacking badly in a Silent Way classroom. With minimum help on the part of the teacher, the Silent Way method may put the learning itself at stake. The material ( the rods and the charts) used in this method will certainly fail to introduce all aspects of language. Other materials will have to be introduced.

Advantages

Learning through problem solving looks attractive especially because it fosters: o creativity,
o o o

discovery, increase in intelligent potency and long term memory.

The indirect role of the teacher highlights the importance and the centrality of the learner who is responsible in figuring out and testing the hypotheses about how language works. In other words teaching is subordinated to learning

Advantages and Disadvantages of Silent Way

Advantages: 1. Students interact not only with teachers but also with each other. 2. Students correct the errors themselves and teachers view these errors as the responses to the teaching and give students some hints and help. 3. Because Silent Way teachers speak so little, they are free to observe their students carefully and be available to them. Disadvantages : 1. Teachers must know their teaching objectives clearly and make use of the teaching aids effectively. 2. Students may be confused with the symbols of the colored wooden rods. 3. Students waste too much time struggling with a concept that would be easily

clarified by the teachers direct guide. 4. It is difficult for teachers to evaluate students progress in their learning process. 5. It is criticized as being too focused on building structure, and misses out on cultural input through the language. 6. The silence of the teacher can prevent students from hearing many active models of correct usage that they may find useful. 7. In trying to create a less teacher-orientated classroom, many say that the Silent Way goes too far to the opposite extreme. 8. Other problems are a little more practical in nature. Getting together the "classic SW" prerequisite materials can take a lot of time and money - there is the sound-color chart, 12 word charts each containing around 500 words, and 8 Fidel Charts for the English language alone. And don't forget the actual cuisinere rods as well! In order to maximize the learning potential of students using the Silent Way, teachers would have to be prepared to invest quite heavily in materials.