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IBIS TRAX-3D Brings New Added Value to Firearm Examiners: See more Link more Do more
Introduction
Forensic firearm examiners rely upon the unique microscopic markings left on fired ammunition components bullets and cartridge cases to identify similarities between them, to link one bullet or cartridge case to another, and to link them to the gun from which they were fired.
By linking ballistics evidence from two crimes, police can leverage the existing information known about each crime to further advance their investigations. Even cases long gone cold can be re-energized when a gun taken from a suspect is linked to a prior crime or series of crimes. The field of forensic ballistics is not without its inherent difficulties and inconsistencies. Some firearms do not mark well for example, those with a blowback mechanism using low pressure calibers, such as 9mm Makarov and 380 Auto. In addition, some ammunition types do not mark well, such as cartridges made with steel cases and primers, and those with thick primer sealant for example, 7.62x39mm ammunition. This paper presents four examples of common problems associated with certain ammunition types and firearms. These examples demonstrate how IBIS TRAX-3D products, namely IBIS BRASSTRAX-3D and IBIS MATCHPOINT+ , can help the firearm examiner see more, link more, and do more to help advance the investigation of crimes involving firearms.
CONTENTS: Example 1 9mm Makarov cartridge cases fired from a Makarov firearm with a blowback mechanism Example 2 7.62x39mm cartridge cases, with steel case and primer, fired from an AK-47 type rifle Example 3 380 Auto cartridge cases fired from firearm with a blowback mechanism Example 4 Distinguishing firearm types within the same caliber group (AK-47 type rifle vs. SKS type rifle) Summary
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Example 1: 9mm Makarov cartridge cases fired from a Makarov firearm with a blowback mechanism
The Makarov pistol can be particularly troublesome for firearm examiners because both the firearm and the cartridges do not mark well. IMAGE 1-1
IMAGE 1-1 is a two-dimensional photomicrograph from a modern comparison microscope. It shows a side-by-side comparison of two 9mm Makarov caliber cartridge cases, each with steel cases and primers, which have been fired from the same gun. The lack of sufficient visible marks in this photomicrograph could prevent a firearm examiner from concluding that these exhibits were or were not fired from the same gun.
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IMAGE 1-2
IMAGE 1-2, is a computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing the same two 9mm Makarov cartridge cases in a two-dimensional perspective and focusing more closely on the side-by-side comparison of the firing pin impressions. From this perspective, the firearm examiner can see more information than in IMAGE 1-1, the photomicrograph.
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IMAGE 1-3
IMAGE 1-3, is another computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing the same two 9mm Makarov cartridge cases now in a three-dimensional model focusing more closely on the side-by-side comparison of both the breech face marks and the firing pin impression. Remarkably, the breech face marks and the firing pin impression are in focus. This all-in-focus feature is unique to the IBIS TRAX-3D technology and is a key differentiator from modern comparison microscopes and other ballistics analysis systems. Much more information can be seen now that was not apparent in the previous two images - seven of the visible areas of similarity are highlighted. This new information could prompt the firearm examiner to consider these marks or other available marks in order to increase the probability of making a match.
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Example 2: 7.62x39mm cartridge cases, with steel case and primer, fired from an AK-47 type rifle
IMAGE 2-1
IMAGE 2-1, is a two-dimensional photomicrograph from a modern comparison microscope. It shows a side-by-side comparison of two 7.62x39mm caliber cartridge cases, each with steel cases and primers, which have been fired from the same gun. The lack of sufficient visible marks in this photomicrograph could prevent a firearm examiner from concluding that these exhibits were or were not fired from the same gun.
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IMAGE 2-2
IMAGE 2-2, is a computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing the same two 7.62x39mm cartridge cases in a two-dimensional perspective and focusing more closely on the side-by-side comparison of the firing pin impressions. From this perspective, the firearm examiner can see more information than in IMAGE 2-1 the photomicrograph.
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IMAGE 2-3
IMAGE 2-3, is another computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing the same two 7.62x39mm cartridge cases now in a three-dimensional model focusing more closely on the side-by-side comparison of both the breech face marks and the firing pin impression. Remarkably, the breech face marks and the firing pin impression are in focus. This all-in-focus feature is unique to the IBIS TRAX-3D technology and is a key differentiator from modern comparison microscopes and other ballistics analysis systems. Much more information can be seen now that was not apparent in the previous two images four of the visible areas of similarity are highlighted. This new information could prompt the firearm examiner to consider these marks or other available marks in order to increase the probability opportunity of making a match.
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Example 3: 380 Auto cartridge cases fired from a firearm with a blowback mechanism
IMAGE 3-1
IMAGE 3-1, is a two-dimensional photomicrograph from a modern comparison microscope. It shows a side-by-side comparison of two 380 Auto caliber cartridge cases which have been fired from the same gun.
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IMAGE 3-2
IMAGE 3-2, is a computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing the same two 380 Auto cartridge cases in a two-dimensional perspective and focusing more closely on the side-by-side comparison of the firing pin impressions. From this perspective, the firearm examiner can see more information than in IMAGE 3-1, the photomicrograph.
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IMAGE 3-3
IMAGE 3-3 is another computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing the same two 380 Auto cartridge cases now in a three-dimensional model focusing more closely on the side-by-side comparison of both the breech face marks and the firing pin impression. Remarkably, the breech face marks and the firing pin impression are in focus. This all-in-focus feature is unique to the IBIS TRAX-3D technology and is a key differentiator from modern comparison microscopes and other ballistics analysis systems. Much more information can be seen now that was not apparent in the previous two images two visible areas of similarity are highlighted. This new information could prompt the firearm examiner to consider these marks and other available marks, such as chamber marks, in order to increase the probability of making a match.
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IMAGE 3-4
IMAGE 3-4, is a two-dimensional photomicrograph from a modern comparison microscope. It shows a side-by-side comparison of the two 380 Auto cartridge cases and the visible chamber marks which provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the cartridge cases have been fired from the same gun. This positive conclusion might have been missed if similarities had not been made evident by IBIS TRAX-3D technology, prompting the firearm examiner to continue the analysis.
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Example 4: Distinguishing firearm types within the same caliber group (AK-47 type rifle vs. SKS type rifle)
IMAGE 4-1
IMAGE 4-1, is a two-dimensional photomicrograph from a modern comparison microscope. It shows a side-by-side comparison of the firing pin impressions of two 7.62x39mm caliber cartridge cases, each with steel cases and primers, which have been fired from two different guns. The visible marks on the firing pin impressions on the cartridge cases provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the cartridge cases were fired from different guns. However, based on the visible marks alone, the firearm examiner would not be able to determine that the cartridge cases were fired from different types of firearms.
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IMAGE 4-2
IMAGE 4-2, is a computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing images of the base areas of the firing pin impressions of two 7.62x39mm cartridge cases, each with steel cases and primers, in a three-dimensional reverse perspective. They were fired from two different guns of the same type: both AK-47 type rifles. The unique MATCHPOINT+ 3D reverse visualization feature, allows firearm examiners to clearly see the profiles of the firing pin impressions.
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IMAGE 4-3
IMAGE 4-3, is a computer screen capture from a MATCHPOINT+ analysis station showing images of the base areas of the firing pin impressions of two 7.62x39mm cartridge cases, each with steel cases and primers, in a three-dimensional reverse perspective. They were fired from two different guns of differing types: one an AK-47 type rifle and the other an SKS type rifle. Here we can clearly see the value and application of the MATCHPOINT+ 3D reverse visualization feature it enables firearm examiners to see that the profiles of the two firing pin impressions are distinctly different. This reverse visualization feature is unique to the IBIS TRAX-3D technology and is a key differentiator from modern comparison microscopes and other ballistics analysis systems.
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Summary
With IBIS TRAX-3D, the firearm examiner can do more to help detectives by providing them with useful information, such as indicating that two different guns of the same caliber were used in a murder.
The 3D visualization features including all-in-focus and 3D reverse visualization that are unique to IBIS TRAX-3D, help forensic firearm examiners to see more marks. The ability to see more data prompts the forensic expert to continue looking, thereby increasing the probability of linking more crimes and guns. More useful information about crimes and guns helps firearm examiners and police detectives do more in terms of stopping armed criminals before more harm can be done. IBIS TRAX-3D: See more Link more Do more
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2008 Forensic Technology WAI Inc. All rights reserved.

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IBIS TRAX-3D Brings New Added Value to Firearm Examiners: See more Link more Do more

2008 Forensic Technology WAI Inc. All rights reserved.

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