LTE-A and Beyond

Dr. Peiying Zhu

Huawei
Nov 3 , 2010

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Huawei Confidential

Mobile Broadband Landscape

Cellular Wireless Law of Speed vs. Decade
1T 100G

5G
10G

4G
Gbps Mbps kbps bps

Mobile device for everything

Cell size shrinks Cell count increases

3G
16

50

2G 1G
AMPS
1

30 Years
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
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Time

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The Mega Trends for Internet

Connected Group
Reed Law (2n)

Interaction

Individual

Level of Interaction

Metcalfe Law (n2)

Smart Content Content User User Generated Content

107 1012 Consumer products 1011 Shipping logistics 10 10 Industrial automation 109 Residential & commercial buildings 108 Vehicular telemetric Computers

Information
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50 Years
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Time

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Digital Tsunami is Driving 2020 Transformation

4 Billion Mobile Broadband is the Dominating Broadband
Wireline Broadband Subscribers

2020 2016 2013

Mobile data is only around 0.5% of the volume of wireline Internet

2010 2009 10 100

Total Traffic/ Month (Peta Bytes) Number of Mobile Broadband Users (Million)

1000

10000

100000
(ZetaBytes era)

2020 mobile traffic will close to 1,000 times than 2009

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Technology Challenges of Cellular Wireless

Spectral Efficiency need another 15 years to reach theoretical limit

Theoretical Limit

10 2.3 1.2 0.5

2020

LTE-A LTE

Near Shannon limit

HSPA

20 years real-world progress

EDGE

0.3 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

GSM

Spectral Efficiency (bits/Hz/s/sector)

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LTE-Advanced will Drive the Wireless Evolution Beyond Macro Cellular Networks
Carrier Aggregation Spectrum Aggregation

.. .. ..
3x original bandwidth 2x original bandwidth

Pico

Femto

Pico

CA
High-Order (8x8) MIMO Support
RF/IF RF/IF RF/IF RF/IF RF/IF RF/IF RF/IF RF/IF

In-Band Relay

Hetnet

Base Band

Improved MU-MIMO

UL SM-MIMO

CoMP Enhanced MIMO

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COMP Coordinated Multi Point Transmission

Soft FFR

Coordinated beam switching (CBS)

Coordinated beamforming HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. (CBF)

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CoMP with MU-MIMO

Virtual Antenn aS et

Serve multiple spatially separated UE

simultaneously in the frequency resources (UL or DL)
Exploit MIMO gain with limited antennas at terminal Total number of layers could be number of Tx antennas instead of min( Tx, Rx) in SU-MIMO for DL (if Tx>Rx)

Combining COMP with MU-MIMO to exploit gain due to Increased virtual antenna numbers Reduced inter-cell interferences

Trade performance with the processing complexity Performance is still limited by inter-cell interferences
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CoMP Performance

Combining CoMP with MU-MIMO improves both capacity and cell edge throughput There is a hugh gap from theoretical predication
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Research Topics: MU-MIMO enhancement

25 zero forcing 3GPP 6 bit Grassmannian 8 bit random 12 bit random
Improvement with increasing size

20

Capacity b/s/Hz

15
New technology needed to short the Gap

10

0 0 5 10 SNR 15 20

Sum capacity performance of MU-MIMO with the number of users = number of antenna = 4 for the Grassmanian, random and 3GPP LTE base codebooks.
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Heterogeneous Network
Macro Cell is deployed for coverage Low Power Nodes (LPN) are deployed to increase the throughput: Micro: <10Watts Pico: 1-2Watts Relay: 200mW [5Watts], no wired backhaul Femto: < 200mW Remote radio head (RRH) cells The key enabling technology to form the advanced heterogeneous networks are: Enhanced Interference Coordination and Interference Cancellation
RN Femto

Pico

Micro\Pico\relay act as small Macro HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

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Traffic off-load in Hetnet

What is the better way to do offload between Macro/Micro/Pico/Relay?

- One example for how cell selection scheme impact the off-load.

macro

macro
Signal strength
How to off-load UE into Het-Net in this region?

SIR

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

30Mbps

100Mbps

100Mbps

Offload Het-Net

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Transmission Power Unbalance in Hetnet

Power imbalance between Macro cell and LPNs

- Asymmetric coverage of DL and UL
UEs selecting low power node will make UL performs better, but DL interference from the macro cell will be severe UEs selecting macro cell will make DL performs better, but UL is worse

- With the existing cell selection algorithm, most of UEs will select Macro cell
However in order to improve the spectrum efficiency of HetNet, it is desirable that more UEs can be served by LPNs

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Interference in Hetnet
The interference characteristics in a heterogeneous deployment can be significantly different from that in a homogeneous deployment. To identify a good interference management solution for HetNet is more challenging.

Interference between Macro and Micro/Pico/relay become dominated More cell edge UEs UEs served by the node with low transmit power may suffer much more severe interference Control channel coverage A user deployed HeNB can be a CSG point

(a) macro UE is interfered by the HeNB (DL) (b) macro UE causes severe interference to the HeNB (UL) (c) HeNB interfere by another HeNB

(a)

(b)

(c)

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Hetnet Performance
1200.00% 1000.00% 822.75% 800.00% 648.39% 600.00% 400.00% 378.84% 237.64% 200.00% 0.00% 108.11%
4 Pico

1120.49% 918.56% 746.03% 511.75% 307.76% 164.00% 357.89% 573.70% 422.13% 458.95% 504.78% 974.46% 1034.12%

Gain of cell group average throughput Gain of cell edge throughput

6 Pico

8 Pico

10 Pico

12 Pico

14 Pico

16 Pico

18 Pico

20 Pico

Both cell edge and throughout increases almost linearly with the number of Pico with the additional site and backhaul cost Advanced interference management technology will reduce the site count to lower the cost
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Research Topics: Cooperative Wireless Networks

BS Macro 1
UE2 UE1 UE3

Relay

Pico Macro 2

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Better MIMO/CoMP performance due to reduced path loss

New network architecture to support M2M

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Enablers for Mobile Broadband 3+ years

Breaking Through Next Generation Wireless Technology Barrier will require a combination of

HSPA/EVDO to LTE
Spectral Efficiency Enhancement LTE-A

10x

4xBW, 2.5X spectral efficiency

UE 3 UE 2 RN 1 UE 4

3.3x CoMP/MU-MIMO/ICIC
Spectrum below 3GHz,

eNodeB

UE 5

More Spectrum 3-time Smaller Radius Cells

3.0x Muticarrier Aggregation 10x

Heterogeneous Pico/Relay Cells

RN 2 UE 1 UE 7

UE 6

10x3.3x3.0x10=1000 !
Many challenges await to achieve numbers like these but Huawei is already addressing them
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Thank You

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