Electromagnetic Pollution: A Practical Observation

Research Work Executed by:

Tanvir Singh Vasishath Kaushal Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), Mohali Under the Guidance of:
Mr. Amit Kumar Dr. Yunfei Liu

Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China

Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China

Topics of Discussion

What is Electromagnetic Pollution

Our Findings

Need/Concerns of Study

Live demo of Readings

Sources of EM Pollution

Survey Conducted

Technology has given us the boon of information and content services where we like.. But we are forgetting the bad aspects of it.

Please Raise your hands who use the most exciting application
WhatsApp

Readings during WhatsApp usage

Readings -8.1dBm -9.2dBm -8.3dBm -10.2dBm -9.3dBm

Safer Limit starts from -35dBm

Sending/Receiving of SMS using smartphone application, WhatsApp* *Meter is kept at a distance of 2 cm from mobile phone

Imagine !!!
The Difference

Before 8 seconds of receiving SMS, readings go worse as these applications require the user to remain online.

What is Electromagnetic Pollution

Communication technologies have advanced manifold

Broadband Speeds are now very common.

But, the electromagnetic waves used by the wireless systems are absorbed by the human body
So this has created health issues Mobile Technologies are showing latest advancements with number of additional features attracting number of users but without realizing about electromagnetic pollution they are creating.

Need/Concerns of Study

Our living environment is being swamped with electromagnetic fields that raise intensity levels and show a wide range of novel characteristics. We should be aware about the danger of Radiation levels. There has been a tremendous increase in number of Mobile Phones users which continues to grow like a hockey stick curve.

Global Market Share of Various Mobile Technologies

The Scenario in India

| Source | Telecom Regulatory of India

Computers and equipment

Sources of EM Pollution
Mobile Towers Home Appliances Metallic Objects

Car Batteries

Electricity Lines

Survey Conducted

A survey was conducted among 200+ undergraduate students of 5 Engineering Colleges in Punjab, India. A questionnaire was developed and the primary data in the form of Yes/No to these questions was collected and studied. Done an analysis of mobile usage habits among college youth

Asked simple questions like do you sleep with mobile near you, usage habits and call durations
Results show that they are largely unaware of the threats of radiation

Our Findings using Equipment Electro Smog Meter

Meter Indications for Various Readings -5dbm -10dbm -15dbm -20dbm -25dbm -30dbm -35dbm -40dbm

CORNET ED-75, Electro smog Meter, RF/LF Field Strength power meter (100MHz-6GHz)/ (50Hz-10 KHz)

A Comparative Study of Radiation Levels Emitted by Samsung and Nokia Cell Phones
Phone Name (Samsung)
Galaxy Ace S5830
Galaxy Y S5360 Galaxy Note II N7100 Galaxy Ace Advance S6800 Galaxy Ace Plus S7500 Galaxy Ace Duos I589 Galaxy Ace 2 I8160

SAR Value (W/Kg)

0.69
0.57 0.23 0.61 0.49 0.43 0.52 5110 5510 6100 6210 7250i 7260

Phone Name (Nokia)

Nokia 510

SAR Value (W/Kg)

0.85 0.69 0.74 0.6 0.82 0.6 0.51

Nokia vs Samsung Mobile Phone

Model
SAR (US) During Call SMS Distance 1.28 W/Kg Dial Receive +0.2 dBm 2 cm +2.0 to +5.0 dBm +2.7 to +5.0 dBm

Nokia X2-00

Model
SAR (US)
During Call

Galaxy Ace 5830i

0.69 W/Kg
Dial Receive -0.5 to +3.0 dBm -0.3 to +3.0 dBm

SMS Distance

-2.5 dBm 2 cm

Samsung Cell Phones are having lesser SAR values and accordingly radiation level is also less

Power radiated during Bluetooth

Power radiated during Wi-Fi connecivity

Power radiated during incoming call (Ringing)

Power radiated during outgoing call (Ringing)

Power radiated during incoming call

Power radiated during outgoing call

Power Control Mechanism in 2G and 3G

2G (GSM and CDMA) mobile phones operate at higher power level than 3G Mobile phones. 3G has adaptive power technology in which step up technique of power control is used.

Maximum power radiated by 3G is 0.125 watts for 5 MHz bandwidth, on the other hand, GSM phones radiates an average power of 0.25 and 0.125 watts for 0.2 MHz bandwidth.
CDMA phones transmit a maximum 1 watt power.

Power radiated by different technologies

Technology Power (in dBm) Distance

Reliance 3G (Dongle)*
Reliance 3G (Dongle)** Tata Photon+ EV-DO (Dongle) Tata DoCoMo 2G (Dongle)

-40dBm
-17 dBm -32dBm -5dBm

10 cm
10 cm 10 cm 10 cm

* **

Residential Area [ Excellent Signal Strength ] Industrial Area [ Poor Signal Strength ]

Key Features of 3G over 2G

Fast Power Control
3G has fast power control mechanism which adjusts the power in 0.6ms whereas in case of 2G, time period is 60ms. Soft Hand Over 3G support Soft and Softer Handover which means UE (User Equipment) keeps always one radio link as frequency is same in W-CDMA.

Step Up Tech. 2G uses step down technology in which mobile starts with maximum power for several seconds and step down its power to such extent so that call is established. On the other hand, 3G uses step up mechanism which means phone starts with low power and step up its power.

Field Test Software

Network parameters testing software for any Nokia Symbian phone. Provides extensive information about network parameters viz. Cell ID, RX Level, TX Level, etc. Helpful to understand practical concepts of GSM/UMTS.

Live demo of Readings

WhatsApp

Mobile Internet

Calling

Dongle

Messaging

Recommendations

Reduce Excessive Calling

Avoid do make calls at all places with low signal

If you are a frequent user, use headphones.

Bluetooth Headsets can be used

Avoid Keeping mobile phones under your pillow

Use Text Messages when possible but in limit

Special Thanks

Dr. Dilip Kumar

Head, ACSD, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), Mohali

For giving his Precious Time

Thank You XIE-XIE

( In Chinese )

In order to study more on Electromagnetic Pollution, Visit

www.singhtanvir21.blogspot.in

Our Papers
o A Study on the Potential Danger of EMF in the Educational Institutions

Resources: www.singhtanvir21.blogspot.in http://www.scribd.com/singh_tanvir/documents

o Various Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement Techniques and Guidelines for Exposure Limits

o A Comparative Study of Radiation Levels Emitted by Samsung and Nokia Cell Phones
o A Survey on EM Pollution Caused by Indian Youth in the Age Group of 17 to 22 Years

o Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure: A Survey Report

o Effects of Mobile Tower Radiations & Case Studies of different Countries

o Wireless Technologies and their Radiation Hazards: A Practical Observation

o Health Implications of Mobile Radiations & Role of SAR