1 Ansys Workbench Exercise

1.1 Objective
The goal of this lab is to introduce the student to modern engineering tools for analysis. These computer programs are quite powerful, but only if applied correctly. Therefore, it is important to understand what the computer is doing by working out a simple problem by hand rst. Generally the following procedure should take place: 1. Develop an understanding of a problem by solving a special case by hand. 2. Solve the same problem using the engineering software. Ensure the numbers match the hand calculations. 3. Modify the computer model to solve more complex problems. Understand the limitations of adding the complexities.

1.2 Theory and Hand Calculations

You have been asked to determine the dynamic forces in a Bobcat front loader. A complete SolidWorks (version 2011-2012) has been created of the front loader assembly. You must detemine the internal joint forces of the mechanism while it is in motion. Assume the lifting cylinder is expanding at a constant rate of 5 cm/s. The tilting cylinder (top) is xed. 1. Navigate to the Shared drive and nd the following les S:\ENS\Mechanical Engineering\Daily\Machine Dynamics Labs\Ansys Project for Bobcat\ 2. Copy les to a local directory or your W: drive. 3. Open the LoaderASSM.SLDASM le in SolidWorks 2011-2012 or newer.

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4. Select the MKS system of units to work with by entering the Tools -> Options. Make the Length parameter in the Mass/Section Properties 6 digits.

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5. Locate the origin of the model. origins can be turned on under the View Menu.

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6. Create a drawing from the model by selecting File -> Make Drawing from Assembly. Use a 1:10 scale. 7. Add the appropriate dimensions to the drawing. All dimensions should be aligned except those emenating from the orgin. Print the assembly drawing.

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8. Add another sheet to draw individual parts. You can copy and paste Sheet 1. Turn off all components except what is of interest. Also, turn off non relevant dimensions. Print these pages to help develop the equations of motion. a) Print the MainBodyASSM drawing.

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b) Print the Body-Bucket and BucketASSM drawing.

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c) Print the Center brace drawing.

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d) Print the Top brace drawing.

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e) Print a drawing of the Actuators.

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9. From the model assembly, open Tools -> Mass Properties. Note the origin and the Center of Gravity (CG) arrows.

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10. A window should appear that enables you to select different parts. Use this window to querey the mass properties of all the parts. The loader is made from steel. Verify the density of steel is correct in the model.

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11. For each linkage, determine the mass, center of mass location, and moment of inertia about the CG by ensuring that the Mass Properties windo has only the components of interest highlighted and press the Recalculate button. For example:

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12. Save your le.

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1 Ansys Workbench Exercise 13. Fill in the table below: Component Mass Main Body ASSM BucketASSM and Body-Bucket Center Brace Top Brace Lift Cylinder Tilt rod and barrel 14. Label all the joints with letters on all drawings. You should have A-H. 15. Label all links with numbers. You should have 6 links. 16. Turn the prints of the individual components into Free Body Diagrams by adding forces at the pin joints, the Center of mass with a weight load, and all the DAlembert forces. For example, a free body diagram for the main link is as follows.

CG-X

CG-Y

Dist from CG

ICG,zz

IO = ICG + mr2

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17. Using the free body diagrams, sum the forces and moments to create 3 equations for each link. This will generate 18 equations. For example, the three equations for the main link are as follows:

Fx : Fy : Mo :

FCx + FBx + FDx + FEx m3 a3x = 0 FCy + FBy + FDy + FEy m3 a3y w3 = 0 0.217FCx + 0.091FBx + 0.324FDx + 0.325FEx 0.106m3 a3x

3 = 0 1.080FCy 0.865FBy 0.053FDy + 0.100FEy + 0.491m3 a3y + 0.491w3 IG3 18. Notice that there is one junction with three links. The sum of the forces for this joint need to be equal. If that joint is labeled G and connects links 2, 4 and 5, then FGx + FGx + FGx = 0 FGy + FGy + FGy = 0
(2) (4) (5) (2) (4) (5)

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1 Ansys Workbench Exercise 19. Assume the bottom lifting link is expanding at a constant rate of 0.05 meters/second at the instant shown. Assume the top tilting link is xed. From mechanisms class you can construct the loop closure equations and obtain relationsips for velocity and accelration. A skeleton diagram is as follows:

A pdf of all these sketches and dimensions are availaible in the zipped le on the S: drive. 20. A kinematic analysis results in the following velocities (rad/s): 1 2 3 4 5 6 = = = = = = 0.00516532 0.126118 0.133765 0.0869611 0.0936874 0.0559266

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1 Ansys Workbench Exercise 21. A kinematic analysis results in the following accelerations (rad/s/s): 1 2 3 4 5 6 = = = = = = 0.00691378 0.000742446 0.00202351 0.00298996 0.00441184 0.00422151

A Mathematica print available on the S: drive contains more kinematic values. 22. Using these kinematic values, set-up and solve the overall system of equations for the unknown forces and force constraints. There should be 20 equations and 20 unknowns with 18 equations from the free body diagrams of the links and 2 equations from the force constraint of Point G. 23. Determine the total forces (magnitude) on the joints. Fill out the table below: Joint A B C D E F G(2) G(4) G(5) H Force

1.3 Ansys Exercise

This section describes the workow to determine dynamic forces in Ansys Workbench 13.0. 1. To Import Geometry, either a) With the SolidWorks Assembly open, click on the Ansys 13.0 menu item and select Workbench.

or b) Open Ansys Workbench from the Windows Start menu and import geometry. Select the parasolid le LoaderASSM.x_t

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2. Drag the Rigid Dynamics analysis system onto the Geometry cell.

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1 Ansys Workbench Exercise 3. Double click on the Engineering Data and change the density of steel to 7800 kg per cubic meter.

Return to the Project when nished. 4. Double click the Model cell under the Rigid Dynamics. This will open Ansys Mechanical and process the solid geometry. This may take a while. 5. Once Ansys Mechanical is open, expand the Geometry tree and explore the different bodies in the model. Rename the parts to something meaningful. Some of these bodies need to be joined into one overall part and a good naming scheme is useful.

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6. Expand the automatic contacts, select all the contacts and delete all the contacts connections in the tree by selecting delete from the right mouse button menu.

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7. Select the Body-Body Connection menu and create xed joints for all the parts that are rigid. For example, the MainAssembly has four bearing housings, two triangular pieces and a front piece. Use a xed joint to connect these together. Yellow boxes need your attention and should be clicked on to proceed.

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8. Since there are 7 parts for the MainBodyASSM, there needs to be 6 xed joints to tie all the parts together. You can rename the folder containing these joints to something meaningful. 9. Right click on Connections and Insert a new Connection Group. Use this new group to make the bucket assembly. 10. There are 13 parts to the bucket assembly, so 12 xed joints are needed to tie the bucket parts together. Below shows this progress.

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11. Create a new Joint folder and Add 3 Revolute Body-Ground Joints where the assembly attaches to the frame.

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12. Add 6 Body-Body joints to represent the joints of the system.

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13. Add 2 Cylindrical joints to represent the actuator movement.

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14. When you think you are done creating all the joints, check the degrees of freedom (DOF) using the Joint DOF Checker. This mechanism should have 2 degrees of freedom (lift and tilt). You may have to change some of the joints to ensure compliance.

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15. You can also click on a joint to congure it and test the joint dention. This does not change the analysis conguration.

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16. Save your project. 17. Mesh the project by clicking on the Mesh item in the tree and then Update.

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18. Click on Transient. Then click on Inertial and Select Standard Earth Gravity. Change the direction to -Y.

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19. With Transient Selected, click on Loads and select Joint Load. Select the Cylindrical joint on the lift cylinder. Select the Z Displacement DOF. Select the Velocity Type, and apply a magnitude of -0.05.

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20. Apply a zero displacement to the tilt cylinder.

21. Create Solution output variables by selecting Solution from the tree. Select Joint Probes and probe the forces in each joint attached to the frame (Ground).

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22. Click the solve button then select a solution for a joint probe. Look for the total force in the rst line of the last column.

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23. Click on the graph tab and press the play button for an animation.

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24. Compare the joint forces from ANSYS to the hand calculations for the locations that attach to the frame. Fill out the following table. What are the units for each variable? Hand Calculations Ansys Results Frame AtFx Fy Total Fx Fy Total tachments Force Force Lift Cylinder Main Arm Tilt Cylinder 25. Turn in your hand calculations, the above table, and a screenshot of your Ansys model similar to the image in Step 23.

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