October 21, 2013

Logarithms and their Proper1es

4.1

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Objec1ves
Know the deni1on of a logarithm Iden1fy the ques1on asked by a logarithmic sentence Solve for an unknown using the proper1es of logarithms. Basically, this is review from Algebra II

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Deni1on
If x is a posi've number, log x is the exponent of 10 that gives

x.

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Deni'on
If x is a posi)ve number, log x is the exponent of 10 that gives x. In other words, if y = log x then 10y = x.

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If y = log x then 10
y 10 = 100. What is y?

= x

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If y = log x then 10
y 10 = 100. What is y?

= x

y = log(100). What is y?

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If y = log x then 10

= x

Rewrite the following statements using exponents rather than logs. log 100 = 2 log 0.01 = -2 log 30 = 1.477

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If y = log x then 10

= x

Rewrite the following statements using logarithms instead of exponents. 10 5 = 100,000 10 -4 = 0.0001 10 0.8 = 6.3096

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hey wait
logarithms are just exponents!

October 21, 2013

hey wait
logarithms are just exponents! 10 5 = 100,000 10 -4 = 0.0001 10 0.8 = 6.3096 log(100,000) = 5 log(0.0001) = -4 log(6.3096) = 0.8 COOL!

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Properties of the Common Logarithm part 1

By definition, y = log x means 10y = x. In particular, log 1 = 0 and log 10 = 1.

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Without a calculator, evaluate:

A) log 1 = B) log 10 = C) log 1,000,000 =

D) log 0.001 = E) log(-100) =

A) log 1=0 since 100 = 1 B) log 10=1 Since 101 = 10 C) log 1,000,000= 6 Since 106=1,000,000 D) log .001= -3 Since 10-3 = .001 E) log (-100) is undefined since 10 to any power is positive

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Properties of the Common Logarithm part 2

The functions 10
x

and log x are inverses, so they "undo" each other. log(10x) = x 10log x = x for all x for all x>0

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Evaluate
a) log(log 10) c) log(10976546) b)10log 72 d) 10log(100)

a) log(log 10)= 0 Since log 10=1 then log 1=0 b) 10 log 72 =72 Laws of logarithms log (10 log 72)= log x Take the log of both sides

log 72 (log 10) =log x Rewrite log 72 = log x Replace log 10=1 and x=72 c) log (10 976546)= 976546 Since 10 976546 = 10976546 d) 10 log (100)= 100 since log 100=2 and 102=100 Law of logs

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Properties of the Common Logarithm part 3

For any positive A and B, log(AB) = log A + log B log (A/B) = log A - log B log B t = t log B

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ln is the natural logarithm.

We've been discussing a logarithm base 10.... the natural logarithm is base e.

Other than that, it operates exactly the same way.

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Properties of the Natural Logarithm part 1

by definition, In particular, ln1 = 0 and ln e = 1. y = ln x means e
y

= x.

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Properties of the Natural Logarithm part 2

The functions e
x

and ln x are inverses, so they "undo" each other. ln( e x ) = x e

ln x

for all x

=x

for all x>0

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Properties of the Common Logarithm part 3

For any positive A and B, ln(AB) = ln A + ln B ln (A/B) = ln A - ln B ln B t = t ln B

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Solving using logarithms

Usually involves the definition.of logs and rearranging the equation.

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Lets do some examples together Your assignment is 2-54 even pg 157 Let's do as many odds as possible before class is over.

I am here for tutoring tonight. I am gone Tuesday and Wednesday in Pueblo YOU are responsible for the problems. Look at examples and dont wait for someone to give you the answers!!!!!!!