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oauFw&moD/ / &ocsFmawm0g? aw&o wd'ovdif

wnf wdocsFmrSaemufjyaom tpDt&ifjzpf&um; 'o
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ZtpodYk

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10

0d"meH-t0d"meH=tzk;H tydw/f / tomwd= pm;\? otaMu/

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y&dnm=ydkifykdifod/ / t"d|m=aqmufwnf/ / tm0Duwm=
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&ukef\/ / pE0wD=pE0wDrif;orD;onf? ydwk=tb\? twm=

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a0wd=ysuf\? 0d wd/
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ZtpodYk

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aemufjyefveS jf cif;onf? a[mwd=\/ / ',Sw=d ylavmif\? '[swd
wnf okwfjzifh [ESifh,aSUaemufjyef ',SwdNyD;\? ,um;
tmcsmwfypnf;wnf;/ / oE,Swd=zGJU\? 0k,Swd=arsm\? 'k,Swd=
EdkYnpf\? rk,Swd=awGa0\/ / {w=jrpf? A[k=rsm;pGm aom?
Zaem=vltaygif;onf? ESm,wd=a&csdK;\/ / y,dk'g[mod=
a[mawmfrlNyD/ / aw=oif\? t,sda&=tSifwdkYukd/ / typdokH=
usufukefNyD/ / aw=xdkykPm;wdkYonf? ar=tm;? ta=wdkYukd?
t,mpdo=Hk awmif;ukeNf y/D / aumpd=onf? eH=xdo
k u
l ?dk [na,s0gyd=
nOf;qJvnf;nOf;qJ&m\/ / trlvrlvH *Em=tjrpft&if;okdY
roGm;rl/ / y&Mw=aemuf? {0H=twlwnf;/ / taemumoH
um&maywGm=tcGifhrjyKaprl? tedrdwuwGm=trSwfukdrjyKrl?
tEkwP
d yH 'H'o
d mG =xufaomajc&mukrd jrifr
l / / rlvrlvt
H *Em

ZtpodYk

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31

ponfwnf okwfBuD;jzifh rlvrlvHESifhtudkaSUaemufjyef? trlv

rlvHponfNyD;\/ /
0dyv
m o&moDNy;D \/
-----------------,m0*Ey&da,momem=arm*vmefwpfusr;f vk;H tqk;H wdik f
atmif/ / {awe=okwfjzifh? oAo' okawok=tvkH;pkHaom
o'okwfwdkY? ted|ed0wdp=roifhjrwfrvdktyfaom teuf\
epfjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? |y&d*a[mp=oifhjrwf vdktyfaom
teufudk tukeo
f rd ;f usK;H jcif;ukv
d nf;aumif;? uawm=arm*vmef
q&mjyKawmfrltyfonf? a[mwd=\/ /
oEded,NyD;\/
------------------

emredkwd'DyeDed,eHusOf;
tx=xdkoEdusrf;\tjcm;rJh/ / vd*=vdif? emrH=emrf?
yg#dy'duH=yg#dy'duyk'f? wd=okH;yg;onf? twawm=vdk&if;
teuftm;jzifh? {uH=wlMu\/ / 'Ambd"me=j'Afukd y"me
tm;jzifah [maom? yk&o
d m'du=yk&o
d tpSad om? yuwdyl =
yuwd o ' k y f \ ? {wH e mrH = trnf c snf ; wnf ; ? [d o p H = \?
wH=xdkyuwdo'kyfukd? 0kpwdpyf/ / ywGm=a&mufonfSdaomf?
udO=d tcsKd Uaomo'yk o
f nf? 0do'ly=H oefY iS ;f aomkyt
f pOfo
dS nf?
a[mwd=\? udO=d tcsKd Uaomo'yk o
f nf? t0do'ly=H roefY iS ;f aom
kyftpOfSdonf? a[mwd=\? udOd=tcsdKUaomo'kyfonf? rZdr

ZtpodYk

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32

lyH=tv,ftvwfaomkyftpOfSdonf? a[mwd=\? wd {0H=

okdY? wd0da"e=okH;rsdK;jym;aom? vd*Flaye=vdifoabmESifh?
,kwwm=,SOfonf\tjzpfaMumifh? vd*FEd=vdif[l? 0kpwd=\/ /
wa'0=xdyk uwdo'yk u
f ydk ifvQi?f 0kpw
d pyf/ / udO=d tcsKd Uonf?
o'v*d gF Ekyl O=o'vid t
f m;avsmpf mG vnf;aumif;? udO=d tcsKd Uonf?
twvd*FgEklyO=twvdiftm;avsmfpGmvnf;aumif;? y&dPrE=
kyftaxGaxGtqef;qef; nGwfonfjzpf? y0wwd=wnf\?
wom? emrEdp? 0kpwd/ / wa'0= ukdyifvQif? "mwkyp,0dbwd
ya'[dap0="mwfyk'f ypnf;yk'f 0dbwfyk'fwdkYrSvnf;aumif;?
o'y'wau[dp= rdrw
d nf;[laomo'gvQif yk't
f eufu
dS ek af om
o'gwdkYrSvnf;aumif;? 0dokHblwH=toD;tjcm;jzpfjzpfaom?
y'H=yk'faywnf;? wduwGm=okdYjyK? yg#dy'duEdp 0kpwd/ /
&mZponf? &mZ=rif;\ay;vQif twy'wujzpf\?
&mZ=&mZo'g\ay;vQif o'y'wujzpf\/ /
o'y'wu yk'f[lorQonf yuwdteuf&if;rSdaom
aMumifh tw0Et*Fgysuf vdifppfrrnf? twkjyKvkyfaom tEk
u&PvdifrsdK;omwnf;/ bk=bl"mwf\? od=od0dbwf\?
aPm=Pypnf;? okdYaom "mwkyp, 0dbwdyk'fwdkYonfvnf;
o'y'wujzpfMu ukef yifvQif vdiftppfr[kwfMuukef?
okdYaomfvnf; xdkyk'fwdkYonf o'okwfwdkYom xifukefonfjzpf
"mwkyp,0dbwd 0Zdw rw0Hvd*-[laomusrf;q&mwdkYpum;
toD;xkwf&ukefonf/ / &mZ? oc? ykrponfwdkYum;
teufov
Ydk u
kd
f vdirf nf rrnfMdS uuke\
f ? xdak Mumifh tw0t
H *FgESihf

ZtpodYk

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toD;qdkavonf/ / 'H=onfum;? 'dGEH=wdkY\? emewH=xl;ykH

wnf;/ / aw[d=xdb
k l tpSo
d nfwaYkd emufr/S / wmed=xdyk 'k w
f o
Ykd nf/
wmedp=xdkbk jAKtpSdaomyk'fwdkYukdvnf;aumif;/ / {w=
emrftpDt&ift&m/ / [dopH=\? awoH=xdkw'dwfyk'f
ormofyk'f udwfyk'fwdkYtm;? vd*FemrAsya'o udpH=vdifuJhokdY emrf
uJo
h Ydk iJzh ,
G n
f eG ;f zG,f udpo
nf? etw/d / ,medp=tMuifOyom&yk'f
edygwfyk'f wGm'dyp,EtAs,yk'fwdkYonfvnf;/
vdifemrf ydkif;jcm;cef;NyD;\/
-----------------{umaeauok=wpfck[laomteuf rsm;aomteufwdkY?
y0wm=aom? emrom=emrfyk'faemufrS? a'Ga'G=ESpfvkH;ESpfvkH;
ukeaf om? oda,m / v / oo
=k wdo
Yk nf? a[mE/d / 0dbwf[al om
trnfum; yxrm 'kwD,mpaomtrnf? {u0kpfA[k0kpf[laom
trnfwdkYonfum; tEGw\tpGrf;jzifhNyD;pD;ukef\/ / {w=
taeu0pe\? emrH=trnfwnf;/ /
0dbwftpDt&ifNyD;\/
----------------tbmodwykar[d=ra[mzl;aom ykv
H id f u
dS ek af om? 0g=a[m
zl;aom ykv
H id rf Su
d ek af om? au[dp=d tcsKd Uukeaf om? onmoa'[=d
wdaYk emufr?S edp=H tmypn;f Nr\
J / / 0Dom=20? wom=30/ / bmodw
ykar[dyd=a[mzl;aom ykHvdifSdukefaomf vnf;? oAemar[dp=wdkY
aemufrv
S nf;aumif;? wAmeD,w yp,aE[pd =wdaYk emufrv
S nf;
aumif ; ? ed p H = \? oA m =tvk H ; pk H a om rd e f ; r/
/

ZtpodYk

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tan[dye=wpfyg;aomo'gwdaYk emufru
S m;? tedp=H tmypn;f rNr/J
{udum-{umudeD=rdef;rwpfa,mufwnf;wnf;? 'Dyem=jyjcif;?
'DyeD=jy&musr;f / / uwp=d tcsKd Uaom ynm? onm? em0g? omvm?
'Dyem? 'DyeDponfwdkY? o'rw0g=o'vdifrQ\vnf;aumif;?
uwpd=tcsdKUaom unm? ukrm&dum? uvsmPm? ukrum&m
ponfwdkY? tw0g=teufj'Af\vnf;aumif;? wdbma0=
t0do'gum& [laom wrd sKd ;\tjzpfu?dk aZmaw waA=xGe;f jyvdk
vwfonfSdaomf/
o'gonfvnf; o'gxD;rsdK; o'grrsdK; o'eykHrsdK;[l
okH;yg;Sd\? kyfpOfSif;vif;aom o'grsdK;onf o'gxD;rsdK;rnf\?
kypf Oftxyfrsm; teufomG ; rSi;f vif;aom o'grsKd ;onf o'gr
rsKd ;rnf\? tv,ftvwf jzpfaom o'grsKd ;onf o'eykrH sKd ;rnf\?
xdkwGif o'grrsdK;jzpfaMumif;ukdvnf; wdvdif ypnf;ESifhjy&\?
xdak Mumifh o'rw0g wb
d ma0 aZmaw waA-[kqo
kd wnf;/
tw0gjzifh o'gvnf; ,lav/
o[D=wpfaxmifaomavmu"mwf/ / puKu&PD=ynm
puKujdk yKwwfaomy#dy'f/ / "r'yD eD=w&m;ukd xGe;f jyaomusr;f /
*pwD=oGm;aomrdef;ronf/ / owD=olawmfaumif;ronf/ /
b0dwD=jzpfvwUH aom rde;f ronf? b0E=D if;/ / oAm0wDoAm0ED=tvkH;pkHrsdK;Sdaomy&dowf/ / ,m0wD-,m0ED=tMuifrQ
avmuftwdik ;f tSnf adS omy&dowf/ / bkw0 wD-bkw0 E=D pm;Ny;D
aomrdef;r/ / ygVd? umPm=umPf;onf jzpf? y&d,Epm&deD=
EGm;taygif;\tpGeftem; vSnfhvnf&aom? a*g=EGm;r/ /

ZtpodYk

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ygVdawmf a*go'goufouf wv
d id x
f ifmS ;\/ / uaygwDuaygweD=cdkr/ / tE&m,dudeD=tE&m,fukdjyKwwfaom rdef;r/
Movkru
d ed =D abmifjzifu
h ;l wwfaomrde;f r? yHou
k v
k u
d ed =D yHou
k u
l dk
aqmifavhSdaomrdef;r/ / onm,H=trnfjy|mef;&m? rmEkodeD=
vlred ;f r? 0g=wpfenf;um;? rmEkom=vlred ;f r? tnMw=wpfyg;aom
t&m? rmEkoD=vljzpfaom? orwd=pnf;pdrf/ / a0MwPD=Budrf
ydkufacsmif;i&J/ / {ok=jy,k*fwdkY/ / tmp&deD=q&mr/ /
b&d,m,H=r,m;[laomteuf/ / rmwk=\? bmwm=armifonf?
rmwkavm=rnf\? OD;&D;wnf;? w=xdkOD;&D;\? b&d,m=onf?
rmwkvmeD=rnf\? {0H=twl? 0kPmeD=0kPewf\r,m;?
ewfuawmfwnf;? *[ywmeD=ol<u,f\r,m;? tmp&d,meD=ynm
oifq&m\r,m;? q&muawmfwnf;? cwd,meD=rif;\r,m;?
rdzk&m;wnf;? A[kvm"dum&m=A[kvHokwf vdkufjcif;aMumifh/ /
qwygPdeD=vufxD;Sdaomrdef;r/ / [weD=qifr/ / y#KeD=
xufrsuaf omPfadS omrde;f r/ / t[om&wde=D rnO;f qJjcif;
arGUavsmfjcif;Sdaomrdef;r/ / 0p*d'deD=EGm;om;i,f rufarmjcif;
Sad omEGm;r/ / rk|owde=D vGwaf omowdadS omrde;f r/ / Oyrm /
v / vuPm'dawm=Oyrmyk'f / v / vuPyk'pf onfaS;Sad om?
ODkawm=ODko'gaemufrS? wd,H=? OD=ODypnf;ouf\/ / [wd
em*=qifajymifBuD;\? emom0d,=ESmarmif;uJhokdYaom? ODl=
aygift*Fgonf/ / cka&m=cGgukd? oazm=oz[l? 0kpwd=\?
oHov
d |d wm,=aumif;pGmaphpyfonf\tjzpfaMumif?h ozblwm=
cGgozG,jf zpfaom/ / em*emol=l qifEh mS armif;ES,f acsmoG,af om

ZtpodYk

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aygifSdaom? ybm0wD=ybm0wDrif;orD;onf? rH=igukorif;udk?

oapMoavmau,s/ / pmk'em=wifhw,faom Munfhjcif;
Sdaom/ / 0garml=aTiSufaysmokdY acsmaomaygifSdaom? ba'=
tSirf ? rH=ighu?kd oZ=vnfbufygvSn/hf / vuPl ,
k m=vuPm
ESifhjynfhpkHaom aygifSdaom oifewforD;? orawm=cspfBudKuf
vGefMuL;rl;&pfonfjzpf? t[H=yOoDc emrwefaqmif igewf
armifonf? um&PH=taMumif;tusKd ;uk?d eyZmemrd=rodrjrifav/
jA[AEK,m=ykaP;rrdwmykHonf? *g&a,Sm=uJh&Jhtyfonf? tH=
igjzpf&m\/ / wdyp,Em=wdo
Yk nf? wxm=wl? obm0 wv
d *d gF =
wdkYwnf;/ / u@K=,m;em? upK=0Jem/ / prl=ppfonf? okwEl=
aumif;aomukd,ft*FgSdaomrdef;r? o&Al=wufwl/ /
wyd pn;f &moDNy;D \/
-----------------tv'0d"DeH=r&tyfaomtpDt&ifSdukefaom/ / wd=
okwfjzifh? odavmayg=odaMu\? ZEKa[wDGCay[d=ZEKo'g
a[wko'g um&Eo'g CtrnfSdaom tmum&Eo'g
ytrnfSdaom 0PEO0PE o'gwdkYaemufrS? 0g=tcsdKUojzifh?
a,meH? avmayg/ / ykwdu=cspforD;? Oa|[d=xavmh? ykwdu=
cspo
f rD;? yAZm =&[ef;jyKro
I nf? 'ku& m=cJ,Of;vS\/ / C\aemuf
*trnfSdaom odukd{rjyKaomygVdwnf;/ / ukoZmwau=
ukoZmwf/ / ykwad u=cspo
f rD;ybm0wD? wG=H onf? twumrm,=
tusdK;ukdvdkvm;aom? ar=igtxdef;uawmfckZm\? 0peH=ukd?
etumod=rjyK/ / ygVd? awp=xdkvSnf;ukefonfwdkYonfvnf;?

ZtpodYk

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wwu
k q
m,,m=xdak nmifyif&yd f ? edo'D w
d mG =xdik af eMuuke
f /
wku=\? qm,,m=? orEm=rS? y&d0g&ok=0ef;0kdif;Mu
ukefNyD/ / oua&myr,m=oumcJOyrmjzifh? 0a'=qdk&m\/ /
Amv'g&uVDv,m=oli,f\pr,fjcif;jzifh/ / o'gar"mpaom
*gxmwdkY/ / rEm=Pfynm/ / rkpm=rdef;arm;jcif;/ / {Zm=
wPSm/ / rwm=twdkif;tSnf/ / tmom=awmifhwjcif;/ /
a0vm=tcg/ / cdm=jrL;wl;jcif;/ / wodPm=wPSm/ /
0um=ike;f iSu?f a*g"m=zGw?f yvmum=AsKd i;f atmuf/ / ODum=oef;?
aozmvdum=qdyfzvl;yif? vuFm=&Guf? ovmum=0g;jcrf;pdyf?
0gvdum=oJ? oDcg=OD;pGe;f ? 0domcg=0domcgeuw?f 0docd g=c&D;vrf;/
0pm=MuifBuD;? 0Om=tNrKH;? Z#m=qHuspf? C#m=taygif;? aZ|m=
aZ|euwf? aom@m=ESmarmif;? 0dw@m=0dw@t,l? 0kPm=
0kPrnfaomrdef;r? 0edwm=rdef;r? vwm=EG,f? ed'g=tdyfjcif;?
ok"m=t*Faw? &m"m=&m"rnfaomrdef;r? oDo0g=,if;wdkufyif?
yyg=a&tdk;pif/ / ou&m=ausmufp&pf? ok&m=ao&nf? a'gvm=
{,Of? wkvm=csed ?f oDvm=ausmuf? vDvm=pr,jf cif;? vmavvm
vmvm{vmjzwf? vmvm=wHaxG;? {vm=tjypf? arcvm=cg;BudK;?
uvm=tpdyf/ / 0V0g=NrJr? torKom=torKomrnfaom
ewforD;? rlom=rdkufcGuf? rOKom=aowm? okvom=okvom
rnfaomrdef;r/ / emom=ESmacgif;? ZkPSm=va&mif/ / vodum=
tap;? 0ok"m=ajrBuD;/ / tr-tE-tr? okH;cktrda[m/ /
obwd=obif/ / y&dowd=y&dowf/ / r[mjA[m=ykPm;
BuD;onf? orSdy&dowd=rdrdy&dowf? edodEH=aeaom? wH=xdkol

ZtpodYk

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i,fu?dk t'm=jrifav\/ / wd=ok/Yd / eErmaw-eErmwmtp&D,H=tHhzG,fSdpG? tAKwH=rjzpfpawmif;jzpfpG/ / om=xdkrdef;r

onf? tw"rH=tusdK;taMumif;ukd? y&dykpdwmp=ar;jref;avh
S d o nf v nf ; aumif ; ? "r m eH = wd k Y u k d ? O* a [wmp=oif , l a vh
S d o nf v nf ; aumif ; ? aomwmp=emavh S d o nf v nf ; aumif ; ?
y,dkygodwmp=qnf;uyfavhSdonfvnf;aumif;? a[mwd/ /
y'gv,H-y'gv,E=D aygufco
JG nf/ / bPH-bPE=D qdw
k wfonf/
tmum&Ewv
d id Nf y;D \/
-----------------a,mavmy-edok=a,m0dbwfaMu&m a,m0dbwfudk
edjyK&mwdYk / /0g=wpfenf;um;? &w,
d =H nOfu
h /kd / ygVd ZdeaAm"d,=H
oAak Am"dPfu?dk AkZ=k odygapownf;/ / 0g=wpfenf;um;?
&wed =H nOfu
h /kd / ygVd? ,m0aEm=tMuifrQavmufaomolwo
Ykd nf?
yk&do=\? twH=tusdK;jzpfaom? 0k,SH=vQdKU0Sufaom? rEdeH=
wdkifyifrIukd? ZmeEd=odMuukef\/ / tuw&jzpfaom y\
aemuf tHu,
dk jH yKejH yKaomjy,k*pf /k / {wp*l? *l=q&mwdo
Yk nf/
*gxmwdkY? wdwd=a&mifh&Jjcif;/ / wEd=tpOftvmxkH;pH/ / okwd=
Mum;emjcif;/ / omPd=wif;wdr/f / ,|d=awmifa0S;/ / tmVd=tpOf?
emVd=uGr;f pm;? auVd=upm;jcif;/ / rkw=d odjcif;/ / ,k0wd=rde;f rysKd ?
0duwd=taxGtxl;/ / &od=a&mifjcnf/ / toed=rdk;BudK;?
0oed=t0wf? Moo"d=aomufLS ;Mu,f/ / "lv=d jrL? 'kj'bd=pnfyw
k ?f
a'gPd=pm;usif;? t#0d=awmtkyf/ / &wm'd=&wm'd*kdPf;wnf;/ /
yg'ga'g=yg'\tp/ / &w=d nOfh / / tm'=tp/ / &awsm=nOfh

ZtpodYk

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aeYwdkYonf? tarmCm=tcsnf;tESD; r[kwfukefrl/ / wdP

vwmed=jrufrsdK;ukdapmifhaomewf EG,frsdK;ukdapmifhaom ewfwdkY
vnf;aumif;? Mooa"sm=aq;yifapmifhewfwdkYvnf;aumif;/ /
wawm=xdt
k cg? &wsm=nOf\
h ? 0d0omae=tqk;H ? Zpm-Zmwd,m=
ZmwfaMumif?h 0oavm=ol,w
k rf monf? ea[mwd/ Zpm-Zmwd,m=
aMumifh? jA[aPm=oljrwfonf? ea[mwd/ / eduwsm=pOf;vJrI
aMumifh? okcH=ukd? e{"wd=r&/ / cE sm-cEd,m=onf;cHrIxuf?
bda,sm=vGefaomw&m;onf/ / aAmZm-aAm"d,m=r*fPf\
tpD;tyGg;jzpfaom? wyom=tusifhukd? tnMw=MuOfz,f?
aomw= csr;f omcGiu
hf ?dk eymrd=igbk&m; rjrif/ / blrs-H blr,
d =H ?
cvwd=acsmcf Rwaf omolonf? blrsma,0-blr,
d ma,0=omvQi?f
ywd|mwd,ax0=wnfouJo
h ?Ydk cvwd yk'u
f m; emrftvm;Sad om
tmcsmwfyk'fwnf;/ / rmwdydwdo'g= wdkYonf/ / rmwsmp=
trdrsdK;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? aywsmp=tbrsdK;tm;jzifhvnf;
aumif;? {wH=Orm'EDukd/ / rmwsmp=trdonfvnf;aumif;?
aywsmp=tbonfvnf;aumif;? uwH=Orm'E[
D
l rSnt
hf yfaom
trnfonf? okom"k=tvGefaumif;aypG/ / t[H=ighudk? rmwsm=
r,fawmfonf? tEknmawm=cGifhvGwftyfNyD? ydw&mp= crnf;
awmfrif;BuD;onfvnf;? t[H=ukd? oOawm=pGefYtyfNyD/ / ZedE=
rif;BuD;? rmwDeH=trdjzpfaomolwdkYtm;? a'g[aVmemr=csifjcif;
rnfonfukd? 0kpwd=\/ / o|d=60? owwd=70? toDwd=80?
e0kwd=90? aum#d=uka#/ /
um&Ewv
d id Nf y;D \/

ZtpodYk

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taCmeH=CtrnfSdaom tm'DCMo'DCwdkYrS wpfyg;

ukefaom'DCwdkY\/ / yDawm=ytrnfSdaom 'DCaemufrS?
a,mok=wdkYaMumifh? eZm=e'Do'g\? tmrf? aemuftmvmonf?
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ZtpodYk

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0[E=d &Guaf qmifuek \

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Yk nf? ta[ok=H ukeNf y/D / OVK&mZH0=
Mu,fwumwdkY\ rif;jzpfaom aT0ef;uJhokdY? aombdwH=wifhw,f

ZtpodYk

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awmfrlaom/ / oA'awe=oA'wftrnfSdaom? &mZdem=

rif;BuD;onf? ,k"Oa,m=,k"O,rif;om;ukd? tEknmawm=cGifhjyK
tyfNy/D / w'g=? wmaw=bcifrif;Bu;D onf? rH=ighu?kd Adro
d m&
&mZdaem=tm;? t'god=ay;Ny/D / r[m&maZ=a0efrif;Bu;D onf?
eduraE=0uFygawmifokdY xGufawmfrlvwfaomf? yx0D=onf?
orurx=wkev
f yI af vNy/D / {awe=a,m*D&[ef;onf? twm=
rdru
d ,
dk u
f ?dk y[dawm=pGev
Yf w
T t
f yfNy?D wd=xdak Mumif?h y[dwawm=
rnf\/ / tmwkrm=rdrdukd,fonf? tmwkrmaem=wdkYonf/ / w
yp,rSd=wypnf; aESmif;&m? wH=jyK/
ocdw=H cifyeG ;f tjzpfu?dk ua&,s=jyK&m\? ocdw?H eua&,s/
a,moHG[domeHok=a,m0dbwf ok0dbwf tH0dbwf [d0dbwf
om0dbwf eH0dbwfwdkYaMumifh/ / [a&ocg=[JhitaqG? ud=
tb,faMumif?h rH=ighu?kd Z[mod=pGe
Yf oGm;bdoenf;/ / ocga&=
wdu
Yk ?dk ocga&m=wdu
Yk /dk / {wm'dom=uJo
h yYdk supf ;D jcif;okYd a&muf
ukeaf omolwo
Ykd nf? ocg=cifyeG ;f wdo
Yk nf? ea[mE=d uke?f ar=igonf?
Zd0aum=toufSnfcJhonfSdaomf? ocg=wdkYukd? vAm=&tyfukef
vwHU/ / oArdawm= SdorQ cyfodrf;aomolwdkY\ taqGjzpf\?
oAoacg=cyfodrf;aomolwdkY\cifyGef;jzpf\? arwm0d[m&Dyk*dKvf
ukdqdkonf/ / ygyrdawm=raumif;aom rdwfaqGSd\? ygyoacg=
raumif;aomcifyGef;Sd\/ /
&mZm'd*P
kd ;f Ny;D \/
-----------------

ZtpodYk

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51

,k0g'd*dkPf; yko'gtqkH;/ / Avmuma,medrSd=AsdKif;

atmuf AsdKif;ESrf;rsdK;? o'g=tcgcyfodrf;? ykarm=tzdkrnfonf?
e0dZwd,xm=rSdouJhokdY/ / aomVodwdo[med=armif;r
wpfaomif;ajcmufaxmifwdkYonf? a[mEd=ukef\? w'g=xdktcg?
ykarm=om;a,musfm;onf? e0dZwd=rSd/ / aomt[H=onf?
wd[kwGm=aS;b0rdef;rjzpfcJh? tZ=,ckb0? ykarma'a0=
ewfa,musfm;onf? trSd=\? w=xdkcifyGef;jypfrSm;aomol\?
ukav=tdrf? xda,m=orD;rdef;rwdkYonfomvQif? yZm,Ed= jzpf
yGg;ukef\? ykrm=om;a,musfm;wdkYonf? eZm,a&=rjzpfukef/ /
'kuO=qif;&JrIukdvnf;aumif;? ygyO=raumif;rIukdvnf;aumif;?
tCEd=tC[l? 0kpwd=qdktyf\? tCH=qif;&Jraumif;rIonf?
e=r[kw?f wd=xdak Mumif?h rCH=rCrnf\? rmo'g y#dao"wnf;?
&jyK? okcO=csrf;omukdvnf;aumif;? yknO=aumif;rIukdvnf;
aumif;&\/ / wd=ok?Yd plVarm*vmae=plVarm*vmefusr;f ?
tm*wH=vm\? rlvarm*vmef[k xdyfwyfvsufSdMu\? roifh?
,if;ukd oD[kdVf y'"earm*vmefac:\/
Oy'0gpaum=xuf0uf [laomteufudka[maom? t'
oa'g=ukd? "=*kdPf;? evAwd=r&tyf? {uHow0gpaump=
pifppf[laom teufukda[maom t'go'gonfvnf;? edygawm
{0=edygwfomwnf;/ / aw=oifSif&aoh\? rk'g=OD;acgif;onf?
ow"m=ckESpfpdyf? zvwk=uJGavap? ar=igokar"mrdzk&m;\?
rk'g=onf? ow"m? zvwk/ rwuH=OD;xdyftjyifukd? 0kpwd=\/ /
Amv0gpaumye= olru
kd [
f al omteufudk a[maom rk'o
'gonf

ZtpodYk

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52

um;? yk&o
d ea,m=yk&o
d kyef nf;S\
d ? [wr|k 0d gpaum= vufqyk f
ukad [maom rk'o
'gum;? wv
d ad *Fg=wv
d id f \
dS / / ygomaPm=
ausmufudk? tom=tom [l? 0kpwd=\? um,*d=ukd,fapmifh
"mwfrD;ukd? Oom=Oom[l? 0kpwd=\? b,meaum=aMumufruf
zG,u
f ?dk bdom =bdom [l? 0kpw
=d \/ / tmrH=rzkwaf o;aomtd;k
ukdvnf;aumif;? yuH=zkwfNyD;aomtdk;ukdvnf;aumif;? boem=
ausmufjzifh? bdEwd0=kdufcGJouJhokdY? aw=oifrm&fewf\?
wH=xdkppfonfukd? ynm,=jzifh? bdEmrd=cGJtHh/ / paE=pEudE&Dr?
wGH=onf? toed=ausmufay:? rmcvd=acsmfrvJapESifh/ /
plVarm*vmae=? rk' *@D0"EG tPdr vCdrm'a,mp=rk'o
'g
*@D0"EGo'g tPdro'g vCdro'gponfwo
Ykd nf? t'o'dom=
t'o'gESifhwlukef\? wd=okdY? 0kwH/ / *@D0"EGponfwdkY\
kyfNyD;onf w'dwf vmvwHU/
,k0g'd*dkPf;NyD;\/ &mZm'd ,k0g'd*dkPf;[lvnf; qdk&\/
tum&Eyv
k *d &F moDNy;D \/
-----------------tmum&E 0w[mo'g/ / oawm=ow0guk?d 0w[m=
0w[m[l? 0kpw
=d \/ / 0w[m=0w[m o'gaemufr?S oeE=H o
0dbwfeH0dbwfwdkY\? aememeH=tpOftwdkif; aemjyK emeHjyKonf?
a[mwd=\/ / 'V"rm=cufxefaom av;Sad om av;orm;onf/
odudwm=avhvmuRrf;usifukefNyD;aom? 'V"rdaem=av;orm;
Bu;D wdo
Yk nf/ / 0d0#pa'g=zGiv
hf pS t
f yfNy;D aom t0dZm [laomzk;H tkyrf I
Sad omol? bk&m;ukq
d o
kd nf/ / e0a0ga&m ydwauaom=&dwo
f pfp

ZtpodYk

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aomqHyifadS omykPm ;uk?d 0kwo

&d m=0kwo
&d m[l? 0kpw
=d \/ /
0kwo
ad &m=aom? umy#daum=umy#dutrnfadS om? rmPa0g=
ykPm;vkvifonf/ / ygy"arm= raumif;rIw&m;ukd? &[m=&[m
[l? 0kpwd=\/ / "ye= arm*vmefusrf;um;/
tmum&Eyv
k *d &F moDNy;D \/
um&E*dkPf;pOf*gxm/ / ukpd=0rf;? rk|d=vufqkyf?
*Pd=tqpftzk? rPd=&wemausmufrsdK;? ywd=tSif/ / e&ywd=
vlw\
Ykd tSirf if;? ,wd=&[ef;ysKd ;/ / omwd=omwdrnfaom &[ef;?
0w=d pnfabmif;? twdx=d {nfo
h nf/ / aAmE=d uk,
d /f / Oyg'd=pJv
G rf;
tyfaomcEmig;yg; kyef mrfw&m;? ed"=d okrd ;DS tyfaom 0wK? 0d"=d tpD
t&if? Mo"d=tydik ;f tjcm;/ / O'"d=ork'& m? Oy"d=Oy"dw&m;av;yg;?
edky"d=Oy"duif;&medAmef? "ed=toH? aoemed=ppfrSL;? uyd=arsmuf
ow0g? 'Dyd=opf? udrd=ydk;avmuf? wdrd=wdrdrnfaomig;BuD;?
t&d=&efol? [&d=aT? *d&d=awmif? uvd=IH;jcif;? Avd=ylaZmfoum?
omvd=oav;pyg;? tOvd=vuftkyf? u0d=uAsmwwfynmSd?
&0d=aeAdrmef? tod=oefvQufxm; vG,fSnf? rHod=rSifrD;aoG;?
auod=auodrnfaomol? ayod=ayod rnfaomol? &mod=tpk?
t[d=a>r? 0d[=d aumufBu;D pyg;/ / rkead em=rkew
d o
Ykd nf? q=ajcmuf
yg;wdo
Yk nf? t*g&rkead em=tdrf aeolvt
l &d,m[laom t*g&rked
wdkYvnf;aumif;? tem*g& rkedaem=tdrfraewef;&[ef; t&d,m
[laom tem*g&rkew
d v
Ykd nf;aumif;/ / rkerd ek ad em=rkew
d umwd\
Yk
txGwftzsm;bk&m;[laom r[mrkedwdkYvnf;aumif;? wd? q/ /
PkyyEm=PfESifhjynfhpkHukefaom/ / {uarum,wd,m=

ZtpodYk

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tm;? t|t|= Spfa,mufSpfa,mufukefaom? ywdaem=vifwdkY

onf? od,=Hk jzpfap ukeOf ;D awmh? a,musmf ;wpfyg;udk awmifw
h jcif;
tmomSad o; onfomjzpf\[kqufav/ / ywdaem=vifwo
Ykd nf?
em&DeH=rdef;rjzpfukefaom? trSmuH=wdkY\? 0dod|mud&=txl;
tjrwfkdaotyfukefaomolwdkYjzpfayukefowwf/ / ar=
[oFmwdo
Yk nf? [Hom"dywdaem=[oFmwd\
Yk tBu;D tuJwaYkd ywnf;/
rkae=tSifbk&m;? w0H=tSifbk&m;\? ayga&m[dapm=yka&m[dwf
aywnf;/ / "r'am=w&m;olBu;D aywnf;/ / r[m0D&=vkv
YH Bu;D
Sifocifbk&m;? wGH=onf? pd&H=jrifhSnfpGm? ZD0=toufSnfawmfrl
ygapownf;? r[mrkae=rkedwumwdkY\xGwfwif ocifbk&m;?
wGH=onf? uyH=wpfurmywfvkH;? wd|=wnfawmfrlygapownf;/
wk,Swm,-wk,SH twm,jzwf/
aw[da,0=xdt
k uw&jzpfaom tcsKd UaompswYkd aemuf
rSyifvQif/ / p&EH=aom? {wH= olukd? rkeDeH=rked[l? tm[k/ /
armeyaxok=r*fc&D;wdkY? odurmeH=usifhaom? rkeDeH=&[ef;ukd?
ykw*d'deH=om;rufarmjcif;Sdaom? ydw&H=tbrif;BuD;ukd/ /
oAumrord'DeH=tvkH;pkHaom tvdkESifhjynfhpkHjcif;Sdaomolukd/ /
tw"r0'd =l tusKd ;taMumif;ukd odwwfaom? a,mao= tMuif
&aoholjrwfonf? tZ=,aeY? aem=igwdkY\? uc=,kHrSm;jcif;ukd?
0dea,=y,fazsmufEdkif\/ / r[mao=&aohBuD;/ / ao=
tSi&f aoh? wG=H onf? aem=wd\
Yk ? o&PH=uk;d uG,&f mwnf;? ao=
tSif&aoh? ar=tm;? ykawm=onf? OyZwH-OyZwk=wnf;/ /
oraP=wd k Y u k d v nf ; aumif ; ? jA[ a P=wd k Y u k d v nf ; aumif ; ?

ZtpodYk

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orEp &aP=jynfph aHk om p&P *kPf u

dS ek af om? ao=wdv
Yk nf;
aumif;? 0aE=Sdcdk;\/ / ra[od=bk&m;onf? 0g=tjrwfSmrSD;
oljrwfBuD;onf/ / ra[oa,m= &[EmwdkYonf? o*F,ok=
o*Fg,emwifMuukefNyD/ / or*wm=NidrfoufaomtzdkYwnf
ukefaom? ra[odaem=wdkYonf? wH,nH=xdkoufowfa&mESD;
tvSLBuD;okdY? eOy,Ed=tvSLcHruyfMuukef/ / {wH,nH=xdk
oufowfvw
G Nf y;D tvSLBu;D ok/Yd
ra[odaem=wdo
Yk nf? umar= wdu
Yk ?dk y[Em=y,fpeG MYf uuke\
f ?
a,e=tMuify,fpGefYjcif;aMumifh? ra[odaem=wdkYonf? wdPm=
ul;ajrmufMuukef\/ / 0dZdwm0DeH=twGif;&efukd y,fvSefckwfxGif
atmifjrifNyD;aom? ra[o=ukd/ / uk#d=aetdrfwJuk#fukdvnf;?
qEm=vkHpGmrdk;tyfNyD? *ded=rD;ukdvnf; aumif;? tm[dawm=tkyfzkH;
okrd ;DS tyfNy/D / uk#=d cEmtdrpf yk f ighwu
J #k f wdo
Yk nf? 0d0#m=r*fynmjzifh
vif;pGm zGifhtyfNyD? *ded=udavomrD;ukdvnf;? edAKawm=aoNidrf;
aptyf N yD ? r[m*d e d = BuD ; pG m aomrD ; onf ? or Z d a wm=tvG e f
awmuf\? ,om=tMuifr&DS mopfyifr?S aom*de=d onf? Zm,aw=
\? orZv
w
d =H vGepf mG awmufaom? t*ed = rD;wGi;f ok?Yd y0doE=d uke\
f ?
aw=xdki&Jom;wdkYonf? t*dedormok=rD;ESifhwlukefaomjrpfwdkY?
orky 0g= epfwkHay:wkHaeMuukef\/
tm'doa'=tm'do'g/ / yxra,mrS=d yxra,mt&m/
rk|owdaem=vGwfuif;aom owdSdaomolwdkYonf? Oy|dw
owdaem=xifaom owdSdaom olwdkYonf/ / t|=Spfa,muf
ukefaom/ / "ar=w&m;t&m? "rmEk0wdaem="rokdY tpOf

ZtpodYk

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vdkufjcif;SdukefaomolwdkYonf? tn y'wwnf;? 0g="rokdYtpOf

vdkufwwfukefaomolwdkYonf? Ow& y'wwnf;/ / ok*wdaem=
aumif;aom*wdSdukefaom olwdkYonf/ awmr&uFk,ygPdaem=
cuf&if;cRef;awmif; vufSdukefaom olwdkYonf? '@rk*&
ygPdaem=vS'H Pfaqmufyw
k f vufSu
d ek af om olwo
Ykd nf? t&d,
0kwdaem=jzLpifaom toufarG;rISdukefaom olwdkYonf? eDyum=
&ifhoefaom PfowdSdukefaom? oE0kwdaem=Nidrfoufaom
jzpfjcif;Su
d ek af om olwo
Ykd nf/ / rdpm 'd|=D rSm;aom t,lu
dS ek af om?
Zem=wdkYonf/ / *klye=q&mwdkYonfum;/ / "=okwf\
ut&m// rdpm 'd|ad ,m=arSmufrmS ;aom t,ljzpfuek af om? "rm/
uwlp=oljyKz;l aomaus;Zl;ukv
d nf; odavhx
dS aom? oDv0aE=
xaom? t&d,0kwad e=xaom? aygorS=d a,musmf ;/ / ,dae=
tvGeaf usmaf pmjcif; Sad om? rmw*Fo= rmw*F&aoh? a'00Pad e=
ewftqif;Sdaomol? jA[0Pdae=? wm'dae=wm'd*kPfSdaom?
t&[ErSd=/ /
um&Eyv
k id Nf y;D \/
--------------um&E / / pu D = puf S d o l ? yu D = tawmif S d i S u f ?
okc=D okcSo
d ?l odc=D OD;pGe;f So
d ?l pm*D=pGeBYf uaJ vho
dS ?l bm*D=tzdYk o
dS ?l
abm*D=pnf;pdrfSdol? a,m*D=tm;xkwfrISdol? oHCD=oHCmSdol?
0gpD=pum;So
d ?l w'w
d ef ufwnf;? 0gpD=a[mavho
dS ?l udwef ufwnf;?
"ZD=atmifvHwrf;cGefSdol? bZD=qnf;uyfjcif;Sdol? uk|D=ElemSdol?
&|D= wdkif;EdkifiHSdol? 'gXD=tpG,fSdaomjcaoFh? PD=PfSdol?

ZtpodYk

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ygPD=toufSdaomow0g/ / 'ED=tpG,fSdaom qif? rED=

ynmSdol? owKCmwD=&efolukdowfavhSdol? oD[em'D=jcaoFh
a[mufokdY raMumufr&GHUqdkavhSdol/ / omrD=tSif? prD=csyf0wf
wef;qmSo
d /l / *grPD=&GmolBu;D ? aoemeD=ppfoBl u;D ? ok"=D aumif;
aomynmSdBuD;/ /
[Hom=wdkYonfvnf;aumif;? aumOm= BudK;MumwdkYonf
vnf;aumif;? r,l&mp=Oa'gif;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;? [wa,m=
qifwdkYonf? yo'g=*sDwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? rd*g=orifwdkYonf?
oaA=wdkYonf? oD[=jcaoFhrS? bm,Ed=ukef\? um,o=ukd,f
cEm? wkvswm=wlonf\tjzpfonf? ewd=rSd/
yk&dom=vl? vifa,musfm;MuL; awmbDvl;rwdkYonfvnf;
aumif;? [wa,m=qifwo
Ykd nfvnf;aumif;/ / a0&Daeok=&efrsm;
Muukeaf om vlwYkd ? ta0&daem=ukeo
f nfjzpf? okock =H tvGecf sr;f
ompGm? ZD0gr0aem=toufSnf&ayukefpGwum;/ a'G=ukefaom?
aemwmed=aemtjyKwdkYonf/ / toraPm=&[ef;ppf r[kwfyg
ukefyJvsuf? orPrmedae=ig&[ef;[krSwfxifaomolwdkYukd/ /
ygPmwdygwdae=ukefaom? ea&=wdkY? rOLoau=om,maom
toHSdukefaom? yd,bmPdae=wdkYukd? umodukwr"m&dae=
aumif;jrwfaomumodwdkif;jzpf t0wfopfukd aqmifavhSdukef
aomvlwdkYukd? pmy[wuvmydae=av;ESifhwuG vufudkifjrm;
awmifh u
dS ek af omolwu
Ykd ?dk Oabm=ESpyf g;ukeaf om? b&0Pda e=
NyKd ;NyKd ;jyufxu
G af omta&miftqif;Su
d ek af om [oFmrif;wdu
Yk /dk /
ygPdae=ow0gwdkYukd? ork'&wd=xkwfq,fu,fwifay\/ /

ZtpodYk

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{0H=oHawmifBuD;av;cktwl? {&mp=onfvnf;aumif;? rpKp=

onfvnf;aumif;? ygPdae=wdkYukd? t"d0wEd=ESdyfpufbdpD;ukef\/
um&Eyv
k id Nf y;D \/
---------------Oum&E/ / txacg=xdt
k cg? b*0g=onf? bduL =wdu
Yk ?dk
bdua0g=tdk&[ef;wdkY? wd=okdY? tmraEod=ac:awmfrl\?
a'0uma,=ewftaygif;wdkYonf? tbduEm=aSUIvma&muf
Muukef\? bdua0g=tdk&[ef;wdkY? wkarS=wdkYonf? aw=xdkewf
taygif;wdu
Yk ?dk 0dZmemx=odMuukeaf vm/ / ruF=k ESv;Hk romaomol?
rpK=aojcif;? OpK=Bu?H y#K=vdrm aomol? bmPk=ta&mif? aowk=
wHwm;? auwk=rSefuif;? owK=&efol? odEK=odEKjrpf? AEK=taqG?
umk=vuform;? aek=aekrnfaomawmif? ark=jrif;rdk&f? kk=
qwfow0g? a0VK=0g;/ / ukk=ukkwdkif;/ / taZ0=,aeYyifvQif?
wH=xd0k "d &l trwfu?dk uk&a,m=ukw
k ikd ;f olwo
Ykd ?Ydk ygy,mwk=a&muf
apavmh? wH=xdk0d"l&trwfukd/
udrwe=H tb,foo
Ydk abm Sad omolu?dk bduK e=H &[ef;[l?
tm[k=qdkMuukefoenf;? r*a'o=edAmefvrf;ukdnGefjyayaom?
bduKe=&[ef;[l? tm[k? r*ZD0d= edAmefvrf; toufarG;aom?
bduK e=H [l? tm[k=uke\
f / a&m*ed=H a&m*goku
d jf zpfaom? yb*Fek =H
ysufpD;jcif;tavhoabmSdaom? abm*geO=wdkY\vnf;? yb*FkeH=
ysufpD;jcif;ukd? 0d&m*keH=jy,faysmufysufpD;jcif;oabmSdaom?
0dnmPH=ukd? ygVdum; yxrEvnf;xif\? eHukd tm*kH,lav/
bdum 'd*P
kd ;f Ny;D \/
------------------

ZtpodYk

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tao=orSwpfyg;aom0dbwftaygif;aMumif/h / 0goa'g=
onf? ocoa'=? 0duyeawm=txl;BuHjcif;tusdK;Sd\? uom=
enf;? ww=xdo
k co'g? 0d"sE& oAm0g=tpDt&ifwpfyg; xifmS ;
Sdonf\tjzpfaMumifhwnf;? owm'd*dkPf;um;? owma&m?
owma&ESpf yk w
f rYkd S wpfyg;kyt
f jym;rSad omaMumifh 0go'gtusKd ;
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tm&ifomokwfjzifh a,m 2-ckwdkY\a#mtjyK NyD;NyD;vsuf okwf
a#mukq
d jkd yefjcif;onf yxrma,mukd a#m omjyK? 'kw,
D ma,mukd
a#ma#ESpcf sujf yK[k todPfv,
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aomtmonf? tao*[aPe=taoo'gjzifh/ / Ca#Ed=pyf
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q&mwpfa,mufquf&ukef\? q&mSmrI qkH;EdkifonfrSd Muukef
qdkvdkonf? w&dwm=rdrdomul;ajrmufavhSdaomol? wm&dwm=
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ZtpodYk

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abwm=cGJwwfaomol? ,mwm=oGm;wwfaomol? 0wm=qdkwwf

aomol? aomwm=emwwfaomol? ourEmwm=ourEmwfrif;?
r[mrEmwm=r[mrEmwfrif;/ / t0dwudwm=rBuHwwfaom
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bduL=wdkYonf? oknm*g&meH=qdwfNidrf&mawmausmif;wdkYukd?
jALa[wm=yGg;apwwfukef\/ / trp0gpD[d=trwf[laom
teufudka[mukefaom/ / w&rmae=taqmwvQif? abm
raw=tdktrwf/ / taemryn=r,kwfnHhaom ynmSdaom?
0g=jrwfaomynmSad om? uwm&=0d"&l trwf/ / wad ,m=rde;f r
wdkYrnfonf? tEkuruH=nmwmwwfaom? ygPorH=toufESifh
wlaom? bwKHyd=vifaumif;ukdvnf;? Z[Ed=pGefYwwfukef\?
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[oFmrif;BuD;ESifhwuG? ywdawm=0rf;ajrmuf\/
owm'd&moD/
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ydwo
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ZtpodYk

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aomolonf/ / "=ydwko'g? 0k'd=ukd{0k'djyK/

ydwm'd&moD/ owm'd*P&moDNyD;\/
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wwfaomol? yb*Fl=ysufavhSdaomw&m;? 0d&m*l=jy,faysmufavh
Sdaom w&m;/
ODum&Eyv
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ykPm;BuD;? u=tb,fukd? yw,H-yw,aEm=awmifhwvsuf/ /

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ZtpodYk

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wpfyg;ukd a[m\? w&uJo

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ZtpodYk

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rsdK;wdkYonf? wsmok=xdkrdef;rwdkY? k[Ed=aygufa&mufukef\?

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ZtpodYk

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awma',suyg=awma',syP
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ZtpodYk

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rnf\? yk&ad om=onf? Ak'=H uk?d 'd|ykaAm=aS;jrifz;l \? {0H=twl?

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ZtpodYk

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cg;Sd? aombaP=wifhw,fpGm? ba'=tSifr? terSd=awm

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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Moo'gonf/ / Mop&aum=twGif;vSnfhvnfaomolvQdK? 0g=

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ukpdaw=uJh&JhzG,f/ / tord'd,H=rjynfhpkH&m/ / 'koH=pyg;
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d ma&m=rvSaom atmuf
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aom*wd/ / ormoraw=aumif;onfnDnGwfonf[laom
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G af om tvm;Sad omol/ /
ord'd,H=jynfhpkHjcif;teuf/ / okcaw=vG,fuljcif; teuf/ /
orEbma0=xuf0ef;usiftjzpf/ / oHudaPm=>yrf;\/ /
o*Faw=aygif;qkHjcif;/ / ora*g=tzdk;tenf;i,f xdkuf\/ /
yba0=tppGmjzpfjcif;? 0g=jzpfaMumif;/ / ykeyKe uar=tzef
zefrI? oEm0wd=tzefzefajy;oGm&\/ / twd=twdo'gonf?
twdua r=vGeu
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ZtpodYk

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f al omteuf? twd ukoavm=tvGef vdrm
aomol/ / bloaw=jyif;pGm[laomteuf? twdauma"m=jyif;
pGmtrsufxGufaomol/ / taEmuar=twGif;Bud,m[laom
teuf? rOH0g=anmifapmif;ukdvnf;aumif;? yDXH0g=tif;ysOfukd
vnf;aumif;? twd[&dwGm=twGif;okdYaqmif? xaywd=xm;\/
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t"dov
D =H vGeu
f aJ omoDv/ / a&=tpk;d &jcif;[laomteuf?
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teuf? t"dbal wm=ESyd pf ufjzpf\/ / tZm,ae=o&Zm,fjcif;
[laomteuf? taZwd=o&Zm,f\/ / t"daw=&GwftH\/ /
t"d|mae=aqmufwnf"d|mefjzpfjcif;[laomteuf? e0urH=
trIopfu?kd t"d|mwd=aqmufwnf"|d mef\/ / edpa ,=qk;H jzwfjcif;
[laomteuf? t"drkpwd=uRwfuRwfvGwfvGwfouf0if\/ /
ygykaP=a&mufjcif;[laom teuf? abm*uEH=pnf;pdrftpkukd?
t"d*pw=d &\/
tEk=tEko'gonf/ / tEk*aw=tpOfvdkufjcif; [laom
teuf? taEGwd=tpOfvdkuf\/ / tEkypdaE=rjywfpJG wnfjcif;
[laomteuf? tEkoa,m=tEko,w&m;/ / ypm o'aw=
ypmo'g\teuf? 0g=aemuf[al omteuf? tEk&xH= &xm;\
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i,fonf[al omteuf? tEkaxa&m=rax&fi,f? 0g=tEkax&f/

ty=tyo'gonf? ty*aw=uif;jcif;[laomteuf? taywd=
zJ\? tyga,m=Bu;D yGg;jcif;rSad omtyif/ / *&a[=uJ&h jhJ cif;[laom
teuf? tyoa'g=uJh&JhzG,faomtoH/ 0Zae=MuOfjcif;[laom
teuf? omvm,=p&yfudk? ty=MuOf? tm,Ed=vmukef\/ /
ylZm,H=ylaZmfjcif; [laomteuf? 0k=H Bu;D aomolu?dk typm,E=d
ylaZmfjrwfEdk;ukef\/ / y'kae=jypfrSm;jcif;[laomteuf?
ty&Zw=d jypfrmS ;\/
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yAwt
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tayum,H=iJhjcif;[laomteuf? t,Hyd"arm=odumyk'f
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;f
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*&[m,H=uJh&Jhjcif;[l aomteuf? trSmuHtyd=igwdkYxufvnf;?
y@dwu=tdkynmSdaomol/ / ykpm,H=ykpmteuf? baE=tSif
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tbd=tbdo'gonf? tbdrkac=aSUI[laomteuf?
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ZtpodYk

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Sdcdk;\/ / t0=t0o'gonf? ta"mbma*=atmuftzdkY[laom

teuf? t0udawm=atmufokdYusaomol/ / 0da,ma*=
auGuGif;jcif;[laomteuf? t0avmudvH=OaMomruif;aom?
0eH=awm/ / y&dba0=ESdyfpufjcif;[laomteuf? t0Zmemwd=
t,kwt
f m;jzifo
h \
d / / Zmeae=odjcif;[laomteuf? t0*pw=d
od\/ / ok'd,H=jzLpifjcif;[laomteuf? a0g'g,wd=jzLpif\/
edpa,=qkH;jzwfjcif;[laom teuf? t0"m&eH=uefYoefYjcif;?
a'ao=t&yf[laomteuf? t0umaom=wnf&mt&yf/ /
axa,=cdk;jcif;[laomteuf? t0[ma&m=cdk;,ljcif;/
Oy=Oyo'gonf? Oy*ar=uyfjcif;[laomteuf? Oy
edo'D wd=uyfxdik \
f / / orDay=teD;[laom teuf? Oypma&m
teD;tem;Oypm? Oye*&H=NrKd U\teD;jzpfaompum;/ / o'dao=
twl[al omteuf? OyrmeH=EdiI ;f ,SOaf Mumif;/ / t"dau=tvGef
tuJ[laomteuf? a'gaPm=p&Gwfonf? Oycg&d,H=wif;xuf
vGef\/ / Oy&dbma0=jrifhjrwfpGm jzpfjcif;[laomteuf? Oy
oraEm=&[ef;/ / tmoae=aejcif;[laomteuf? Oy0gaom=
okH;aejcif;/ / a'goumae=tjypfudkMum;jcif;[laomteuf?
y&H=olwpfyg;uk?d Oy0'wd=pGypf \
GJ / onm,H=trnf[al om teuf
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aS;Bud,m[laomteuf? Oyuarm=vkHYvjyKjcif;? Oy[ma&m=
aqmifESif;jcif;/ / ylZm,H=ylaZmfjcif;[laomteuf? Ak'H=jrwfpGm
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ZtpodYk

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0g=ypKy|mef/ / bloaw=jyif;pGm [laomteuf? Oyg'geH=jyif;pGm

pJv
G rf;jcif;/
ywd=ywdo'gonf? ywd*aw=rsufarSmufjzpfjcif;[laom
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y#daomwH=a&nma&qef/ y#da,m*dr=dS NyKd ib
f uf[al omteuf?
y#dyk*avm=NydKifbufjzpfaomyk*dKvf/ / edaoa"=wm;jrpfjcif;
[laomteuf? ywdaoa"wd=wm;jrpf\/ / ed0aw=qkwef pfjcif;
[laomteuf? ywdurwd=aemufokdYqkwf\/ / o'dao= twl
[laomteuf? ywdyl uH=wlrQ\/ / y#duar=ukpm;jcif;[laom
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,ljcif;[laomteuf? y#d*P
mS wd=cH,\
l / / y#daAma"=xd;k xGi;f
odjcif;[laomteuf? y#da0a"m=xdk;xGif;odjcif;/ / y#dap=
pJGjzpfjcif;[laom teuf? ypa,m=taMumif;/
y&m=y&mo'gonf? y&d[med,H=qkwf,kwfjcif;[laom
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teuf? y&m,eH=vnf;avsmif;&m/ / 0duar=tm;xkwf uGefYjrL;
jcif;[laomteuf? y&uarm=tm;xkwfjcif;/ / tmroae=
okH;oyfjcif;[laomteuf? y&mroeH=okH;oyfjcif;/
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y&dZmemwd=xuf0ef;usifod\/ / 0Zae=MuOfaSmifjcif;[laom
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ZtpodYk

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[laomteuf? y&dZwd=vnfbuf\/ / ed0goae=0wfjcif;

[laomteuf? 0wH=t0wfukd? y&d'[wd=0wf\/ / ylZm,H=?
yg&dp&d,m=c,vkyfauR;jcif;/ / abmZae=auR;arG;jcif;[laom
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teuf? y&db0wd=ESdyfpuf\/ / a'goumae=? y&dbmowd=
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aqmifjcif;teufwm;jrpfjcif; paomteufwdkY? 0wwd=jzpf\?
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ukef\? ,xm / v / wHpm'a,m=okdYpaomo'gwdkYonf?

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-------------

ZtpodYk

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Asmydawm=ysUH ESUH tyfaom? kaum=onf? 0dZK yg '= vQyjf yufjcif;uk?d

vuPH-onmPH=odaMumif;onf? a[mwd/ / rmw&H=ukd? tbd=
txl;jyK? om"k=\/ / a'0'awm=onf? oupH=kdaopGm?
rmwk y |mae=trd u k d v k y f a uR;jcif ; ? t* y k & d a om=vG e f a om
a,musfm;aywnf;? wd 0kwH a[mwd/ / acgye=pifppfvQif? wH
b*0E H a*gwrH = xd k t S i f a *gwruk d ? tbd pyf ? {0H = ok d Y
wdydaomb*0g tpSdonfjzifh? udwdoa'g=ausmfapmoHonf?
tbd=txl;tcReftvGeftuJjyK? O*awm=avmuwuf\/ /
ouvavmu*bm0H=tvkH;pkHaom avmuxuf jrwfonf\
tjzpfukd/ / vuPm'd twm=wdkYonf? tbdoa'e= onf?
aZmwed,m=xGef;jytyfukefaom? yd@wm{0=wdkYomwnf;? 0peD
,wm=a[mtyfaom0peD,wwdkYonf? eH=r[kwfukef? Asmyem'd
twm{0=wdkYonfomvQif? 0ped,wm=rnfukef\/
tbdo'gonf a[mtyfaomteufukd 0ped,wqdkonf?
xGef;jytyfaom vdk&if;tcsKyfjzpfaomteufukd aZmwed,w
qdo
k nf/ / ywDw=d [lonfum;? y#dp= tpJjG yK? y&Dw=d [lonfum;?
z&dwGm=ESHU/ / wrLw? y&d=uGufjcm;ay;/ / bm*?
y#dp=tpJGjyK? y&dp=uGufjcm;? O'd=&nfa&mf/ / {w=
t&yf? 0g=tzdkYwdkYwGif/ / t<uif;vG,fNyD/
tEkemokwf ? tEkz&dwmG =tpOfEUHS / / 0dyDaAm"doaw=
0dyDbk&m;avmif;onf? yAZdaw=&[ef;jyKawmfrlonf? owd=
Sdaomf? wmedyd pwk&moDwdukvykwo[meD=xdkSpfaomif;
av;axmifaom trsKd ;om;wdo
Yk nfvnf;? yAZo
=k &[ef;jyKMuukeNf y?D

ZtpodYk

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99

jy,k*f bm0vuPukd vuP,l/ / opBud,H=opmjyKrIukd?

tEk=pJG? yg0d=rdk;BuD;onf;pGm&GmNyD/ / opBud,m,=onf?
owd=aomf? opBud,a[wk=opmjyKjcif;aMumifh/ / 0kwd,H=
arm*vmef0kwd/ / a[wkp vuPH b0wd qdkonfum;
taMumif;jzpfaomtrIonfvnf; tusKd ;jzpfru
I dk odaMumif;vuP
jzpf\[lvdk? ol&da, O*paE tkaPm O*pwduJhokdYwnf;/ /
opBud,m,=opmjyKonfESifh? oa[0=wpfNydKifeufomvQif?
wdy=d okaYd om o[teufonfvnf;? ,kZw
=d \/ / r,S=H onf?
oap=ukd? uaw=jyKtyfonfSdaomf? o[=opmjyKNyD;onfESifh
wpfNydKifeufay;/ /
o[w aumuf v Qif a umuf v d k u f pif ; vQif p if ; vd k u f
jrpfurf;okdY tpOfvdkuf Am&mPoD jynfwnfSdonfukd tEGm
0odwm qdkonf? e'=ukd? tEk=tpOfvdkuf? tm0Hodwm=wnf
axmif\ay;/ / [De? yn0aEm=wdkYonf? om&dykwH=ukd?
tEk=tpOfvu
kd Mf u&uke\
f ? tEk*wm=aemufvu
kd jf zpfMuuke\
f / /
Oy? yn0aEm=wdkYonf? om&dykwH=ukd? Oy=teD;uyfMu&ukef\?
Oayp=uyf? *wm=ukef\/ yuma&e=txl;tjym;tm;jzifh?
0kpwd=a[mtyf\? wdwom/ a,[d=tMuifo'gwdkYonf?
urH=ukd? y0peD,H=\? wdwom/ / ww=ury0peD,0gus?
Asmyem'dBud,m0daoo0gpD[d=ukefaom? Oyoa*[d=wdkYESifh?
oraE=onf? owd=aomf/ / kupH onfudk tbdponfEiS hf pyfonf
Sdaomfqdkvdkonf/ / toraEye=rpyfonfSdaomfum;? tm"m&
omrsm'dtawok=? 'kwD,m=onf? a[mwd/ / tbdponfukd

ZtpodYk

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100

teufrSd? y'yl&Py'aom bPrQukd ,lvdkaomf? kuH=?

rmw&H=? a*gwrH=\? ponfay;av[lvdk/ / omrwd,od'g=
0gus\ omrwd,tm;jzifh NyD;ukefaom/ / owm[H=ckepf&uf
ywfvkH;/ / eEeH=eE0efO,smOfonf/ / j'Af 2? *kPf 2? Bud,m 3/
rmaormao=vwdkif;vwdkif;? bkOwd=wpfBudrf wpfBudrfpm;\?
0d[ma&m=wpfausmif;wpfausmif;wnf\/ / Bud,m0daooeHyd=
onfvnf;? uwm&m=onf? oma"wAwm =Ny;D aptyfonf\tjzpf
aMumifh? urywduH=uHtvm;Sdonf? a[mwd/ / wHyd=xdkBud,m
0daooeukv
d nf;/ / okc=H csr;f ompGm/ cdy=H vsipf mG / / 'E=H aES;pGm/
*k=H av;pGm? {wd=a&mufvwUH ? v[k=H ayghpmG / / oE"d u
d m&uH=
okrd ;DS jcif;ukjd yK/ / or&0d wu=H jyefveS o
f nfujdk yK? Mowmaywd=
aevSr;f \? um,ypmvuH=uk,
d u
f v
dk yI
f vIy
f ? *pw/d / oko
k k k
um&uH=IyfIyfIyfIyf toHjyK? yd@KauyuH=qGrf;ukdajrmuf
ajrmuf/ / [wed'KeuH=vufudk cgwGuf cgwGuf/ /
[wedav[uH=vufudk vQufvQuf/ / yk'fwdkY uypnf;
onf 0dpmteufSd\/ / orH=nDnGwfpGm? y&d,m,Ed=vSnfhvnf
ukef\? 0dorH=rnDnGwfpGm/
'kw,
D m0dbwfNy;D \/
-----------------twawm=o'wtm;jzifh/ / 0kaw=aomf? 'GdEHy&d,m,
o'geH=wd\
Yk ? 0aoe=jzif?h yk'w
f u
Ykd dk 0dnm,wdpyf/ / t,ar0=
uwm;onfomvQif/ / wawm=xdkaemuf? wdpokH;yk'fukd
0dnm,Ed pyf/ /tanye=uHpaomwpfyg;aomum&uwdu
Yk u
dk m;?

ZtpodYk

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k 'd yD eDe
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101

0dnm,Ed pyf/ / Bu,

d mom"ae=Bu,
d mukNd y;D apjcif;? uwKaem=
tm;? Oyum&uwm=vGefpGm aus;Zl;jyKwwfukefonf\tjzpf
aMumifh/ / wxm=xdkYuJhokdY/ / 'gaoe=onf? 'go=onf?
oku
Yd wm;ay;vdak omq&mwdt
Yk vdt
k m;jzifh 'gaoe'gowdu
Yk dk
ya,mZuwm;[lvnf;aumif;? uruwm;[l vnf;aumif;
qdktyfukef\/ / a,mp=tMuifuwm;ukdvnf;? a0g[&d,wd
pyf/ / oku&wm=tjyKvG,fonf\tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
urbma0e=jzifh? t0wKumrwm,0g=qdkjcif;iSgtvdkrSdonf\
tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;? tZmeewm,0g=olwpfyg;jyKrIukd
rodonf\tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;? 0aOwkumrwm,0g=
odvsufvSnfhywfjcif;iSg tvdkSdonf\tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
uwKbma0e=uwm;tjzpfjzif?h a0g[&d,wd=\/ / ukoak vm=pyg;
avSmifaomusDtdkonf? o,ar0=rdrdtvkdvkdomvQif? bdZwd=NydK
ysu\
f /
- tenf;i,frQaom xdcdkufrISdjim;aomfvnf; tvGef
Nyd K vG , f v S a omaMumif h xd c d k u f o l \ ya,m*uk d
taAm[m&dujyKol wpf&yf?
- o'gt&m 0wpd m jy|mef;vsuf adS omaMumifh xdcu
kd rf I
ya,m* Bu;D rm;jim;aomfvnf; xdyk a,m*ukd *krpku
d f
vdkolwpf&yf?
- xdkya,m*ukd rodolwpf&yf?
- rdrdaomfvnf;aumif; olwpfyg; uaomfvnf;aumif;
jyKrad om xdyk a,m*ukd rjyK[k uG,af xmifv
h o
kd l wpf&yf?

ZtpodYk

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102

av;&yfwGif wpf&yf&yfaMumifh ukokavmonf uwm;

jzpf&ownf;/ / tydp=wpfenf;aomfum;? urly Bud,mya'=
urkyfBud,myk'f? yxraEm=aom? a,muwm=tMuifuwm;
onf? tw=d \? aom=uk?d uruwmwd=[l? 0kpw
=d \? o'al ye=
o'kyftm;jzifh? 0g=o'toGiftm;jzifh? urO=uHonfvnf;?
a[mwd=\? wH=xdkuH[lonf? twlaye=teuftoGiftm;jzifh?
0g=teufoabmtm;jzifh? uwmp=onfvnf;? a[mwd? wd
wom/ / rkead em=&[ef;tusKd ;iSg? Ca&Ca&=tdrw
f ikd ;f tdrw
f ikd ;f ?
axmuHaxmuH=twefi,ftwefi,f? bw=H onf? ypw=d usu\
f ?
bwH[laom uwm;um; csufolwdkY\ ya,m* BuD;rm;
xifSm;ygaomfvnf; xrif;\uHtjzpfukd rqdkvdk? uwm; tjzpf
uko
d mqdv
k
kd jzpfaom uruwm;aywnf;/ / lyod'd usr;f ponf
wdrYk mS oHa,ma*gZm,aw[laom jy,k*f vmaom apm'emyo*F
ukd t&if;jyKojzifh o'gwdkY\ tw0gpuwyfykH 0dedp,ukdjyvdk
{wpo'awm ponfukd qdkonf/
vdk&if;tcsKyfukd aS;OD;pGmodESifhrS em;v,fvG,frnf? vdk&if;
tcsKyfum;/ / o'gwdkY\ teufa[mrIqdkonfum; Mum;emolrSm
teufukd odaompdwfukd jzpfay:aprIukdqdkownf;? Mum;emolrSm
teufukdodaompdwfjzpf ay:vQif xdko'gonf xdkteufudk a[m
ayNyD? xdkteufonf avmu SdonfrSdonf yrmPr[kwf/ /
0Osmykawm*pw[
d k Mum;em rde;f rNrKH rom; oGm;\[k todPf
jzpfcv
hJ Qif xdo
k 'gwd\
Yk tw0gpuudpo
nf jynfph NHk y?D xdt
k eufw\
Ykd
um&uudp Bud,mudp Bud,mum&uorEudponf jynfhpkHNyD?

ZtpodYk

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103

rdef;rNrKHr\om;[l avmuSdrSdukdvnf;aumif;? rSdcJhaomf

xdkom;\oGm;jcif; Bud,m[l SdrSdukdvnf;aumif;? xdkESpfyg;pkHyif
rSdcJhaomf 0Osmykawm*pwd[laomo'gpkonf 0pteufrSdaom
o'gysufpk jzpfoifh rjzpfoifhukdvnf;aumif;? o'gpk Bud,m
um&u &oifh r&oifhukdvnf;aumif; rpdppftyf/ / o'gwdkY\
0p0gpu udprQukd qdk&mXmerSm avmu"rwdkY xdkteufSdrSd
um&uESihf Bu,
d m uJrG uJ[
G al om pdppfjcif;rsm;ukrd qdt
k yf/ / o'gukd
Mum;em&m teufodPfwGifay:Sdaomum&uonf teufod
PfwGifay: SdaomBud,mukd NyD;aponfrnf\? xdkxufvGef
rajy;vifh/ / um; vkd&if;tcsKyfwnf;/
aumpd=tcsKd Uuk?d 0dZr maemwd=S\
d [l? orawm=avmu
orkwftyf\/ / a*g0domPH=EGm;\OD;csdK? pruykyH=pum;yGifh/ /
oo0domPH=,ke\
f OD;csKd ? O'kr& yky=H a&ozef;yGi/hf / oa'gpemr=
rnfonfvnf;? 0wdpmy#dA'0kwD=qdkwwfol\tvdkESifhpyf
jzpfavhSdonf? a[mwd=\? 0wrmaem=&Gwfqdkjzpfvmaom?
oa'gp=onfvnf;? twH=ukd? e'DaywDwd=rjy[l? ewd=rSd?
oauFaw=trSwfoauFwrIonf? owd=SdcJhaomf? okPE=
okPEy*k Kd vt
f m;? tw0o
d ,H=teufvQif tmkH adS om? Ak'= tod
Pfudk? eZaewDwd=rjzpfap[l? ewd=rSd? wd=onfum;?
t"dyga,m=aS;0gus\ t"dyg,fwnf;/ / wd=okdYvQif?
t0dZrmeorawmyd=rSd[lavmu orkwftyfonfvnf;jzpf
aom? tawm=rdef;rNrKHrom; tpSdaom teufonf/ / w'w
0do,H=xd0k Osmykawm o'g\teufvQif tmkH adS om? pdweH mr=pdwf

ZtpodYk

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104

0Dxrd nfonf? ey0aw,s=rjzpfav&m/ avmu rS[

d
l orkwf
tyfaom rdef;rNrKHrom;[laom teufonfyifvQif o'gwdkY\
0p0gpuwyf&mXmerlum; tSdyifjzpfjyef\ [lvdkonf/
o'Ak'DeO tpSdaom aemuf0gus\ vdk&if;t"dyg,fum;
0p 0gpuwyf&mXme 0gpuo'gSd tSdjzpf&aomteufonf
0gpu o'guJGjym;cJhvQif xdkteufvnf; toD;toD;uJGjym;&awmh
onf? todPfjzpfrISd tSdjzpf&aom teufonf todPf
uJGjym;cJhvQif xdkteufvnf; toD;toD;uJGjym;&awmhonf[lvdk/
{0HtpSdaom ed*kH;0gus\ vdk&if;t"dyg,fum;? 0gpuo'g
todPfwdkYukdtpJGjyK 0pteufrnfonf 0dZrme jzpf&\?
o'gtodPf taxGtjym;okv
Yd u
kd
f xdt
k eufonfvnf; taxG
tjym;jzpf&\? xdkteuftaxGtjym;okdYvdkuf um&u taxG
tjym;Bud,mESifhum&utaxGtjym;jzpf&\/ / avmu {uH
taxGtjym;S&d if; teufuo
dk mvQit
f pJjG yK um&u taxGtjym;
Bud,mESifhum&utaxGtjym;jzpf&onf r[kwf[lvdk? avmu
{uHtaxGtjym;Sd&if; teufukdtpJGjyK Bud,mum&u emew
jzpfaomt&mrsdK;um; tvGefaygrsm;xifSm;vSavNyD/
obm0awm=tm;jzifh? 0dZrmear0p=omvQifvnf; jzpf
xaom? ememblar0p=omvQifvnf;jzpfxaom? twH=ukd?
y#dp=? um&uemewOBud,m um&uemewOeyea[mwd
[kore/f / oHa,ma*g Zm,aw- oHa,ma*gvnf;o'gwpfyg;?
Zm,awvnf;o'gwpfyg;? okdY 0gpuo'gESpfyg;uJGjym;\?
tbda",swyifrjym;aomfvQif 0gpuo'guJGjym;onfhtwGuf

ZtpodYk

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105

0pteufujGJ ym;\? 0ptodPfvnf;uJjG ym;\? xdak Mumifh Bu,

d m
um&uudpjynfhpkHMu\/ / oHa,ma*g t&,SOfrIESifh Zm,aw
t&jzpfro
I nf wlae\? ,SOjf cif;jzpfonf qdo
k nfum; ,SOo
f nf
ukdyifqdk\? xdkokdYt&wlcJhaomf tb,fokdYvQif Bud,mum&u
jzpfoifhygrnfenf;[laom apm'emukd a0;pGmy,fSm;av/
*reHZm,wd? *reHb0wd? *reHa[mwd? ypeHZm,wd? ypeH
b0wd? ypeHa[mwd? tpSdaomyk'fwdkYvnf; xdktwlodav/ /
tcsdKUq&mwdkYum; owdkyf AswdkyfESpfyg;cGJa0 ajzqdkMuukef\?
oHa,ma*g t&um; owdkyfwnf;? Zm,awt&um; Aswdkyf
wnf;? ,SOfwGJjcif;iSg pGrf;Edkifaomoabmonf owdkyfrnf\?
{uH,SOfwJGrd aomoabmonf Aswdkyfrnf\? owdkyfonf
um&uwnf;? Aswdkyfonf Bud,mwnf;? okdYvnf;ajzqdkMu
uke\
f ? tajzonf 0Osmykawmponf r&? xdak Mumifh jyqdck NhJ y;D
aom ajzqdkcsufukdom aumif;pGmrSwfom;tyf\/ / o[
um&Dum&PH=wuGxufcsyf jyKavhSdaomtaMumif;wnf;/ /
uwKaem=\? t*Fbw
l =H tpdyt
f *Fgjzpfjzpfaom/ / ,=tMuif
o'gtm;? o[o'=\? tawm=onf? tw/d / or0g,awm=
aygif;qkjH cif;teufwnf;/ / vuP? aom? xdZk mvDrif;om;onf/
jA[blawe=jA[mozG,fjzpfaom? twem=ukd,fjzifh? 0g=pdwfjzifh?
torad Ee= rysuaf om? 0davyaee=eHo
Y majymif;jzif?h &mZmeH=uk/d
wd'@aue=okH;cGSdaomawmifa0S;jzifh/ / ODeyOAEaee=,kwf
aomig;zGUJ Sad om? ykawe=jzif/h / bduK =onf? ygom'daue=Munf
kdzG,fukdaqmifaom? tbduaEe=aSUokdYoGm;jcif;jzifh/ / y#d

ZtpodYk

edw
k 'd yD eDe
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106

0doumeH=tdrfeD;csif;wdkYtm;? 0g=wdkYukd? OZmaywd=raumif;ojzifh

odap\/ / Ouw
d u
m,=ouFe;f ukyd ifah jrm ufojzif?h yvwu
d m,=
tma,m*y#fbGJUojzifh/ / [dwf/ / 0oavm=ol,kwfrmonf
vnf;? urKem=rdrdjyKaomuHaMumifh? a[mwd=\? jA[aPm=
oljrwfonfvnf;/
ukP
d ;f tjcm;/ / emare=trnftm;jzif?h om&dyak wmwd=
[l? 0dak wm=ausmaf pm\? aom=xdrk ax&fonf? yn0gp=ynm
vnf;BuD;us,fvS\? Aka'g=onf? Zmwd,m=trsdK;tkd;tm;jzifh?
cwda,m=rif;rsdK;wnf;/ / Zmwd,m=y#doaEtm;jzifh/ / aom=
xdkolonf? odaye=twwftm;jzifh? eVuma&m=MuLx,Honf
wnf;/ / 0,om=t&G,ftm;jzifh? {ulewaom=29-ESpfom
Sdao;\/ / ok0aPe=aTESifhwlaom tqif;jzifh/ / yuwd,m=
jyuawhtm;jzifh? b'aum=aumif;\/ / 'Gda'gaee=2-pdyftwdkif;
tSnftm;jzifh/ / o[ae=wpfaxmifaomOpmjzifh? ta=
wd k Y u k d ? 0d u d P mwd = a&mif ; vd k u f \ / / aom=xd k & [ef ; onf ?
twem0=rdrdukd,fwdkifomvQif? twmeH=rdrdukd,fukd? orewd=
orkw\
f /
emewukdPf;rsdK;/ / xmr'dem=rdrd\tm; tpGrf;ukd
jrifEikd af om? yk&ad oe=a,musmf ;onf? owm=jzpfygvsu?f {aue=
wpfa,mufxD;wnf;? wdaPe=ul;ojzifh? ar=tm;? u=tb,f
tusdK;SdtHhenf;/ / Z#m[d=qHuspfwdkYjzifh/ / tZdeom#d,m=
opfeufa&ykq;kd jzif/h / ar=tm;? Aka'e=jzif?h udEK =bmjyK&tHeh nf;/
a,e=tMuif 0 w K jzif h ? taw m =tvd k S d \ ? wH = xd k 0 w K uk d /

ZtpodYk

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107

rmaoe=wpfvjzifh? ykaAm=aS;us\/ / u[myaPe=wpfusyf

twdkif;tSnfjzifh? ODaem=,kwfavsmh\? {aueODe0Dowd? {ule
woponfwdkYvnf;odav/ / "aee=Opmtm;jzifh? 0duavm=
csdKUwJh\/ / edykaPm=odrfarGU\/ / ocdavm=ajyjypf\/ /
wdav[d=ESr;f rsKd ;aphwu
Ykd /dk / wE0ga,[d= &ufurf;onfwu
Ykd /dk /
okeac[d=i&JacG;wdkYukd/ / awe? r[moraPe=rS/ / umod
&maZe=rS/ / puK=onf? tawe0g=twtjzpfrSvnf;aumif;?
tweda,e0g=tw\OpmtjzpfrSvnf;aumif;? oknH=\/ /
yxAsm=? {u&aZe0g={u&mZfrif;tjzpfxufvnf;aumif;?
o*=okdY? *raee0g=a&muf&onfxufvnf;aumif;? oA
avmum"dyape=tvkH;pkHaomavmuukd tpkd;&aom r[mjA[m
rif;Bu;D tjzpfxufvnf;aumif;/ / aom=xd"k r0ed ,onf? rr=\?
tpa,e=vGeaf omtcg/ / rmaoe=wpfvwdik w
f ikd ?f bkOw
=d \/
a,mZaee=wpf,lZemwdkifwdkif? "m0wd/ / *rerawe=oGm;
umrQjzif?h bvwd/ / Mo|y[# rawe=EIwcf rf;csi;f cwfru
d mrQjzif?h
y*kPH=avhvmonfukd? tumod/ /
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0&wumvrnf\? aqmif;av;vonf [dr&wumvrnf\/

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tEkZmawm=tbESiw
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ydwfaompnf? tmww0dwwH=tvkH;pkHarS;,Sufaompnf/ /
oEawm=cif;tyfonf? 0dwawm=jzefYtyfonf/ /tm"d,sdw=
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ZtpodYk

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arhavsmhonf? Orawm=l;oGyfonf/ / rdZwd=cspfcif\/ /

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tyfonf/
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tmvr=tmkHjyK? 0dvr=wGJvsm;qGJ? t0vr=/ / oErae=
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tm&A=tm;xkwf? vAm=&/ / or=onf? Oy"m&aP=
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edrad wm=zefqif;tyfaomky/f / ,mawm=oGm;\? vmawm=,l\?

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aygif E S H ? taygif t ES H x m;? yga,wG m =aomuf a p/ /
MoomaywGm=Ny;D qk;H ap/ / eda"wk=H okrd ;DS jcif;iSg/ rm&a",s=H rm&f\
pyfqdkif&mukd? y[mwa0=y,fjcif;iSg/ / 0dawm=uif;onf/ /
O'dawm=wufonf/ / ordawm? oarawm=wuG pyfonf/ /
ora0awm=ouf0ifonf/ / !dawm=ysHoGm;onf? Mo!dawm=
axmiftyfonf/ / 0dead wm=qk;H rtyfonf/ / Moedawm=atmuf
okdYaqmiftyfonf? 0g=csxm;tyfonf/ / y[dawm=apvTwf
tyfonf/ / ordw=d taygif;? 0dpw
d =d a&G;cs,jf cif;? eDw=d aqmifjcif;?
aewd=aqmifaMumif;jzpfaom pnf;jrif;enf;vrf;? bdwd=aMumuf
jcif;/ / oarwGm=aygif;pyf? Oayum=uyf/ / 0vab=tuRr;f
0ifjcif;? oEKawm=cspfuRrf;0ifaomol? rdawm=taqGcifyGef;
ukd&\/ / toPKwH=tuRrf;r0ifzl;aomolukd? pd&oPKawe=
tSnftuRrf;0ifaomoljzifh/ / oHaS; |K"mwfqdkvdkonf/ /
'lawm=oGm;vmwwfaomwrefonf? Oy'Kawm=uyf ESdyfpuf
tyfonf/ / oH,kawm=,SOfpyfonf/ / kawm=qdktyfonf?
vkawm=&dwfjzwftyfonf? 0kawm=apmifhaSmuftyfonf/ /

ZtpodYk

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0dKawm=ausmfapmonf/ / aomra*g=onf? twd=Sdonf?

a[[dw=d jzpfvwUH ? aom=onf? ea[mwka,=rSjd cif;iSg? eoum=
rwwfaumif;/ / yuwdly&moDvG,fNyD/
0daoo&moD/ / tm&armemr=rnfonfum;? tm'd
Bu,
d m=tpjyKaomtrIwnf;? yxrm&arm=aS;OD;pGmptm;xkwrf I
wnf;/ / {awe=okwjf zif?h ypKya E=aom? Bu,
d moEmae=Bu,
d m
tpOf? yxrm&rH=aS;OD;pGmprIukd? y#dp=pJG? twDw0doa,m=
twdwfvQift&mSdaom? wypa,m=ukd? 0d[dawm=pD&iftyf\/ /
,xm=enf;[lrlum;? bkwm0Dy0g&dawmwd=[louJhokdYwnf;/ /
yk&daom=onf? u#H=jzmoifjzL;ukd? yuawm= pjyKvkyfNyD/ /
tEk0kodawm=twkvdkufusifhokH;NyD/ / tmvd*Fae=vnfbif;
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cGifay:wnfxm;NyD/ / a'0'awm=onf? 0ov=,kwfrmaom
w&m;ukd? tEkZdaPm=tpOfaqG;apNyD/ / tEkZmawm=tpOfvdkuf
jzpfNy/D
'H=t&yfonf? wmoH=xdkrdef;rwdkY\? ,mwH=oGm;&m
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ZtpodYk

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bm0wwnf;/ / tmodw=H ae&mjzpfaom/ / rmed= abmZOf

ponfwdkYukd/ / 'H=Xmeonf? awoH=wdkY\? bkwH=pm;&m
jzpfaom? XmeH=wnf;/
wypn;f &moDNy;D \/
------------teD,&moD/ / tEkb,
k sw=d cHpm;tyf\/ / y'[wd=tm;
xkwf\/ / om,dwkH=vsufjcif;iSg/ / twdurdwaAm=aS;I
uyftyf\/ / &m=&tqkH;Sdaom"mwfaemufrS? e=teD,\?
e=teypnf;\ eukd? aPm=PBuD;jyKonf? a[mwd=\/ /
oma&wAH=atmufarhaptyf\/
teD,&moDNy;D \/
E rme &moDvG,fNyD/
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rnf\? o*gxuH=*gxmygSdaom? okwH=okwfygVdawmfrsdK;ukd&\/
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awblru"r? rm&=rm&f\? tmPm=tmPmonf? '[wd=
wnf\? wd=aMumifh? rm&a",sH=rnf\/ / tZm,dwAH=oif
tyf\? wd=aMumifh? taZ,sH=rnf\? aA'ifokH;ykHwnf;/ /
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ZtpodYk

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0guH? 0gpH? 0gap,sH? teufwl/ / bmusH b*H=bkef;yg&rD/ /

0dw'k w
d A=H xd;k usit
hf yf\/ / yEk'w
d A=H y,fEw
k t
f yf\/ / 0d[naw=
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0dord,aw=tyef;ajztyf\/ / 'k[w
d A=H npt
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f t
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Ps&moDNy;D \/
-----------typ,m'd&moD/ / 'g,H=tarGOpmukd? tm''gwd=cH,l
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ZtpodYk

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0g&=a&uk/d
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azmufjyefrI? Oyuma&m=aus;Zl;jyKrI? tyuma&m=jypfrSm;rI/ /
&o=BudK;ukd/ / 0dp&PH=vSnfhvnfjcif;/ / {awe=oa,muf
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oydwfajc/ / y#doEm&PH=aphpyfjcif;/ / {awe=ajcjzifh/ /
oE d r d , wd = pk a qmif ; tyf \ ? or m a&m=taqmuf t OD / /
y&d0ga&wd=0ef;&Hwwf\/ / 0ga[m=0efwifvn
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ZtpodYk

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tm0g[ac:onf? orD;ay;rIr*Fvmukd 0d0g[ac:onf/ / 0d[neH=

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y#d[eeH=xdcu
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bdZwd=uGufxGufwwf\/ / aum0d'wd=aumif;pGmodwwf\/
y*ka"m=y*k"rnfaomol/ / rk,Swd=rdkufrJwwf\/ / vkywd=vQyf
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tmblZeH=ESvkH;oGif;jcif;/ / MoblZeH=acGjcif;/ / vkZwd=ysufpD;
wwf\/ / oH0dZeH=xdwfvefYjcif;/ / y&d',SeH=xuf0ef;usif
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typ,m'd&moDNy;D \/
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y'[d , aw=vG e f p G m tm;xk w f j cif ; ? {awe=0D & d , jzif h ?
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ZtpodYk

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{w=vdkPf? 0g=edAmef? edvd,Ed=ykef;atmif;Muukef\/

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cgwGujf cif;/ / b0eH=jzpfjcif;? 0g=jzpf&mbkXH me/ / tbdb0eH=ESyd f
pufjcif;/ / taZeH=o&Zm,fjcif;/ / psm,aw=Ijcif;/ /
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w&PH=ul;jcif;? ucFg0dw&PH=,krH mS ;rIuv
dk eG af jrmufjcif;? tw&PH=
cif;jcif;/ / {w=okomef? tm*Em=? rwo&D&H=ukd? '[Ed=
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qnf;yl;pkaqmif;jcif;/ / o&PH=atmufarhjcif;? 0g=uk;d uG,&f m0wK?
ed&PH=xGuaf jrmufjcif;/ / ed[&PH=xkwjf cif;/ / a&mpaem=wifh
w,fjcif;tavhSdonf/
teypn;f &moDNy;D \/
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S yf gapownf;? wd=okYd
aomawmifw
h rIaMumif?h ZD0aum=\/ / ZdeAk'u
d m; urom"ewnf;?
"eblwu
d m; or'geom"ewnf;/ / 0rmaem=rnf\? wd=ok?Yd
tnxm=tmodowrSwpfyg;aomtjcif;t&mtm;jzifh? odZEd/ /
o*Fg,aum=aygif;&Gwt
f w
H wfaomol/ / em*ar= okwBf u;D jzifh
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oOmeeaum=trwfjyKodwwfonf/ / Ob,w'gyaum?

ZtpodYk

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orm'yaum 2-kyf/ / t0[d,swd=usef&pf\/ / tmpdemwd=

qnf;yl;\/ / 0dped aum=a&G;cs,w
f wfonf/ / y&mZ,wd=I;H wwf\?
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tm,maywd=aMumufapwwf\/ / yga[wd=apvTwfwwf\/ /
0dbma0wd=xifvif;apwwf\/ / ygaywd=a&mufapwwf\/ /
Asmaywd=ESUH wwf\/ / yky=H uk?d Mopdem,wd=qGww
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ZtpodYk

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xGif;wwf\/ / 'Dyyom'aum=oD[kdVfuRef;ukd Munfkdaponf/

tuyp,&moDNy;D \/
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{w=NrD;xl;? 0gVmed=NrD;qHwdkYonf/
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bm0D=jzpfvwHUaomtrIonf/ / omrn0d"mewm=aMumifh?
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ZtpodYk

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u@au=ql;ay:? tyo,eoDavm=rSDavhSdaomolonf/
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ZtpodYk

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