TRAINING PAPER REPORT ON TAPER ROLLER BEARING

AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN

(November 2013)
SUBMITTED BY
Shekhar ranjan B.TECH (MAE) SEMESTER 4

SUBMITTED TO
Mr.Laxman Kumar Pandey Co-ordinator (MAE)

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Report entitled TAPER ROLLER BEARING submitted by Shekhar ranjan with Enrollment No. AUR20405411163 on 8thNOVEMBER is his own work and has been carried out under my supervision. It is recommended that the candidate may now be evaluated for his work by the University.

Shekhar ranjan

Mr.Laxman Kumar Pandey

Signature:

Signature:

Date:

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Words fail me to express my sincerest gratitude to this esteemed organization, which has conferred on us the privilege to pragmatically convert our theoretical knowledge into practical viable experience. During the course of my training at NATIONAL ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES LIMITED, JAIPUR so many people have guided me and I will remain indebted to them throughout my life for making my training at NBC, a wonderful learning experience. I would like to thank Mr. S.R PRADHAN my project head, who gave me opportunity to work in his department and guided me through my project from time to time. His words were a true inspiration for me. The exposure to the working of the industry that I have got here would not have been possible without his kind support.

He took keen interest in my project and ensured that my tenure at NBC, JAIPUR is a learning experience for a lifetime for me.

Thanks to all those operators, Diploma Engineer Trainees and my trainee colleagues with whom I had developed a special bond. In the end I would like to thank Mr. A. THOMAS for providing me the opportunity to add a new dimension in my knowledge by getting trained in this esteemed organization.

BEARING INDUSTRY GLOBAL SCENERIO :

The world Market of quality Bearing is very vast. The Big player of bearing sector are present in U.S.A, Russia, Japan China and eastern Europe. Some of leading bearing angular contact (DRAC) bearings, cylindrical and spherical roller bearings. The company has specially equipped facilities to manufacture axle boxes for railway applications, cartridge tapered roller bearings, large-diameter bearings for industrial applications and allied engineering products. manufacturer are : - NSK Japan - NTN Japan - KOYA Seiko Japan - FAG Germany - SKF Sweden - NRB France - Timken USA

BEARING INDUSTRY INDIAN SCENERIO:

The Indian Bearing Industry is estimated at Rs. 30 Billion Approximately. The Industry has established a highly diversified product range of around 1000 type of Bearing having High Volume Demand. As much as 70% of the total Demand for common varieties and size of bearing is met by the domestic Industry, and the remaining demand to the tune of 30% is imported essentially for Industrial Application and special purpose. The Indian bearing Industry can be divided in to the organized sector and unorganized sector. The organized sector primarily caters to the original equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Segment, which predominantly comprises automotive industries and other mechanical Industrial users. The replacement market is dominated by unorganized Sector.

ABOUT NEI
National Engineering Industries Ltd., part of the 150 year old, multi-billion dollar C.K. Birla group manufactures a wide range of bearings for automotive and railway industry as well as for general industrial applications under the brand name nbc . NEI, founded in the year 1946 as a pioneer industry in the field of bearing manufacture, now manufactures nearly 80 Million Bearings per annum NEI is one of the largest domestic bearing manufactures with gross annual turnover of Rs. 1051 crore in 2010-11. The company exports bearings to more than 20 countries and is also exporting at NEI manufactures a wide range of bearings namely ball and cylindrical roller bearings, double row angular contact bearings, tapered roller bearings for automobiles, railways and industrial applications and large diameter bearings for steel plants and rolling mills. The three plants situated at Jaipur, Newai and Manesar manufacture these products with approx. 2300-strong team, supported by nei Ltd. has been awarded the coveted 2010 Deming Application Prize, by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE), Japan, for achieving distinctive performance improvement through the application of Total Quality Management (TQM).The Deming medal confirms that our quality management systems are one of the For our customers, this means enjoying consistently superior products and assurance of highest quality for every NBC . R&D is equipped to introduce new technology in the field of bearings and related products .All functions from concept design to product launch are an integral part of R&D . The activity begins from customer interaction by Application Engineering and QFD approach is used to understand customer requirements to translate into a useful product . It has a full fledged test centre for endurance as well as application testing .The test lab is being expanded double the capacity in next four years. .

BEARING
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion between moving parts to only the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. The term "bearing" is derived from the verb "to bear"a bearing being a machine element that allows one part to bear another. The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces, cut or formed into a part, with varying degrees of control over the form, size, roughness and location of the surface. Other bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or machine part.

FIG 1 BEARING

TYPES OF BEARING
ROLLER BEARING
Rolling bearings generally comprise two bearing rings with integral raceways. Rolling elements are arranged between the rings and roll on the raceways. Rolling elements can be balls, cylindrical rollers, needle rollers, tapered rollers or barrel rollers. The rolling elements are generally guided by a cage that keeps them at a uniform distance from each other and prevents them coming into contact with each other. In needle roller bearings and rib less spherical roller bearings, the cage also ensures that the rolling element axis is positioned correctly. Where bearings can be dismantled, the cage holds the rolling elements together and gives easier fitting of the bearings. For particular applications, rolling bearings with a full complement of balls, cylindrical rollers or needle rollers may be used. The standard material for sheet metal cages is steel, while brass is also used for some applications. Solid cages are made from brass, steel, laminated fabric and other materials. Cages made from thermoplastic materials are also widely used, especially those made from polyamide reinforced by glass fiber.

FIG 2 ROLLER BEARING

PLAIN BEARING
The function of plain bearing arrangements, like rolling bearing arrangements, is to support or guide parts that are movable relative to each other. They must support and transmit the forces occurring in this case. Whereas the bearing arrangement elements in rolling bearing arrangements are separated from each other by means of rolling parts - rolling elements - the movable component in plain bearing arrangements - normally a shaft, stud or strip - slides on the sliding surface of a static bearing bush, bearing cup or sliding strip. The sliding motion occurs directly between the sliding layer of the bearing body and the part that is supported. Lubrication is ensured by embedded lubricants or a solid layer applied to a supporting body. In radial motion, the clearance between the shaft and sliding layer ensures the mobility of the sliding partners. Plain bearings are available as radial bearings, axial bearings, strips, cups and in many other designs. They run quietly and are particularly suitable where high loads must be supported under relatively slow rotary and swivel motion and at low and high temperatures. Due to their versatile specific characteristics, they are therefore used in almost all areas of industry and especially where the space available for the bearing arrangement is very limited. Plain bearings must be made from a material that is durable, low friction, low wear to the bearing and shaft, resistant to elevated temperatures, and corrosion resistant.

FIG 3 PLAIN BEARING

BALL BEARING
A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the bearing races.The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. It achieves this by using at least two races to contain the balls and transmit the loads through the balls. In most applications, one race is stationary and the other is attached to the rotating assembly. As one of the bearing races rotates it causes the balls to rotate as well. Because the balls are rolling they have a much lower coefficient of friction than if two flat surfaces were sliding against each other.

FIG 4 BALL BEARING

TAPER BEARING
Tapered roller bearings are uniquely designed to manage both thrust and radial loads on rotating shafts and in housings. We manufacture nearly 26,000 tapered roller bearing combinations in single, double and four-row tapered roller bearing configurations. Customized geometries and engineered surfaces can be applied to these tapered roller bearings to further enhance performance in demanding applications. Tapered roller bearings consist of four interdependent components: the cone, or inner ring; the cup, or outer ring; the tapered rollers, or rolling elements; and the cage, or roller retainer.

TAPER ROLLER BEARING

Tapered roller bearings are uniquely designed to manage both thrust and radial loads on rotating shafts and in housings. We manufacture nearly 26,000 tapered roller bearing combinations in single, double and four-row tapered roller bearing configurations. Customized geometries and engineered surfaces can be applied to these tapered roller bearings to further enhance performance in demanding applications. Tapered roller bearings consist of four interdependent components: the cone, or inner ring; the cup, or outer ring; the tapered rollers, or rolling elements; and the cage, or roller retainer. The taper angles allow the bearing to handle a combination of radial and thrust loads. The steeper the cup angle, the greater the ability of the tapered roller bearing to handle thrust loads

FIG 5 TAPER BEARING The bearings are of separable type, enabling separate mounting of cups and cones. Since the tapered roller bearings can absorb thrust loads in one direction only, these bearings should generally be installed as opposed mountings. The correct amount of radial and axial clearance is obtained by adjusting the two bearings against each other. This conical geometry is used as it gives a larger contact patch, which permits greater loads to be carried than with spherical (ball) bearings.

TYPES
SINGLE ROW TAPERED
The most basic and widely used tapered bearing, the single-row type consists of the cone assembly and the cup. It is usually fitted as one of an opposing pair. During equipment assembly, single-row bearings can be set to the required clearance (endplay) or preload condition to optimize performance. Single-row tapered roller bearings have positive roller alignment that ensures true rolling motion and generates a seating force that pushes the roller against the cone large rib. This seating force prevents the rollers from skewing off apex, thereby keeping them positively aligned and located against the cone large rib.

DOUBLE ROW TAPERED

Double- or two-row tapered roller bearings feature double cups and two single cones. Double- or two-row tapered roller bearings are available in a variety of configurations for general industrial and automotive applications. Double row tapered roller bearings can carry heavy loads and are stiff. They are suitable for the accommodation of combined (radial and axial) loads. And they can locate a shaft axially in both directions with a given axial clearance or a given preload.

FOUR ROW TAPERED

Four-row tapered roller bearings combine the inherent high-load, radial/thrust capacity and direct/indirect mounting variables of tapered roller bearings into assemblies of maximum load rating in minimum space

FIG 7 SINGLE ROW FIG 6 DOUBLE ROW

PARTS OF TAPER ROLLER BEARING

CUP AND CONE
Tapered roller bearings are separable and have the following components: outer ring, inner ring, and roller assembly (containing the rollers and a cage). The nonseparable inner ring and roller assembly is called the cone, and the outer ring is called the cup. Internal clearance is established during mounting by the axial position of the cone relative to the cup. The raw material used in the Manufacturing of bearing Races is SAE 52100 high Carbon Chrome bearing steel, which has composition similar to EN-31 (100 CR 6 As per BIS specification). The raw material for Bearing Races is in the form of Rods & Seamless Hollow Tubes.

CAGE
Cage is used to return balls at proper distance to prevent them from containing each other and to prevent a temperature rise and resultant damage due to friction.The Material for manufacturing cages is CRCA Strips of C2015 Bearing grade steel having carbon percentage at0.08% max. and Magnesium ranging from 0.25% to 0.45%.

ROLLER
Rollers are also made with a taper so that the conical surfaces of the raceways and the roller axes if projected, would all meet at a common point on the main axis of the bearing.

FIG 8 PARTS OF TAPER BEARING

WORKING PROCESS