----------------------- Page 1-----------------------

M AT H E M AT I C S S T U D Y

M A T E R I A L

LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES AIEEE

NARAYANA INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES F N S H O U S E , 6 3 K A L U S A R A I M A R K E T S A R V A P R I Y A V I H A R , N E W D E L H I - 1 1 0 0 1 6 PH.: (011) 32001131/32/50 FAX : (011) 41828320 Website : w w w . n a r a y a n a i c c . c o m E-mail : i n f o @ n a r a y a n a i c c . c o m

----------------------- Page 2----------------------2004 NARAYANA GROUP This study material is a part of NARAYANA INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES f or AIEEE, 2007-08. This is meant for the personal use of those students who NARAYANA INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES, are enrolled with

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, New Delhi-110016, Ph.: 32001131/32/50. All rig hts to the contents of the Package rest with NARAYANA INSTITUTE. No other Institute or individual is authorized to reproduce, translate or distribute this material in any form, without prior information and written permission of the institute. ----------------------- Page 3----------------------PREFACE Dear Student, Heartiest congratulations on making up your mind and deciding to be an en gineer to serve the society. As you are planning to take various Engineering Entrance Examinations, we are sure that this STUDY PACKAGE is going to be of immense help to you. At NARAYANA we have taken special care to design this package according t o the Latest Pattern of AIEEE, which

will not only help but also guide you to compete for AIEEE & other State Level Engineering Entrance Examinations. The salient features of this package include : ! Power packed division of units and chapters in a scientific way, with a c orrelation being there. ! & Sufficient number of solved examples in Physics, Mathematics in all the chapters to motivate the students attempt all the questions. Chemistry

! All the chapters are followed by various types of exercises (Level-I, Leve l-II, Level-III and Questions asked in AIEEE and other Engineering Exams). These exercises are followed by answers in the last section of the chapte r. This package will help you to know what to study, how to study, time management, your weaknesses and improve your performance. We, at NARAYANA, strongly believe that quality of our package is such tha t the students who are not fortunate enough to attend to our Regular Classroom Programs, can still get the bes t of our quality through these packages. We feel that there is always a scope for improvement. We would welcome yo ur suggestions & feedback. Wish you success in your future endeavours. THE NARAYANA TEAM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT While preparing the study package, it has become a wond feeling for the NARAYANA TEAM to get the wholehearted support of our Staff Members including our Designers. They h ave made our job really easy through their untiring efforts and constant help at every stage. erful We are thankful to all of them. THE NARAYANA TEAM ----------------------- Page 4----------------------CONTENTSCONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTSCONTENTS SS S SS TT T TT

LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

Theory NN N NN Solved Examples Exercises EE E EE Level I Level II Level III TT T TT NN N NN OO O OO CC C CC ----------------------- Page 5----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE LIMITSLIMITS LIMITS AND LIMITSLIMITS OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES Questions asked in AIEEE and other Engineering Exams Answers

AND AND DERIV DERIVATIVESATIVES DERIVATIVES AND AND DERIV DERIVATIVESATIVES AIEEE Syllabus

Limits, Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quot ient of two functions, differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponentia l, composite and implicit functions, derivatives of order up to two. CONTENTS Definition of a limit Trigonometric limits INT RODUCTION Exponential and logarithmic limits Approximations Some useful expansions This chapter

introduction to Indeterminate forms lus is that branch of Limit of greatest integer function hich mainly deals with Sandwich Theorem Derivative of a function ange in the value of a Some differentiation formulae points in the domain Algebra of differentiation chapter we define limit Differentiation of implicit functions bra of limits. Also we Derivative of parametric functions Derivative of a function w.r.t. another function ive and algebra of Use of log in finding derivatives of the function of derivatives of certain type (f(x))g(x) tions. Differentiation using trigonometrical substitutions Higher order differentiation Derivative of infinite series Differentiation of a determinant function 1

is

an

calculus. Calcu mathematics w the study of ch function as the change. In this and some alge study derivat

derivatives and standard func

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: ( 011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 6----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE 1. OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

DEFINITION

If y = f(x) is any function which is defined in a neighbourhood of a t hen for some greater than zero there exists a > 0 such that |f(x) l| < | x a | < then l is said to b e limit of the function when x-approches a. It is symbolically written as Lt f (x) = l x a 2. STANDARD n x a = na Lt x a x a FORMULA n n 1 ; x a ; n is a rational number or integer.

m x Remark : Lt n x a x 3. TRIGONOMETRIC lim x 0 0 1 tan x sin lim 0 x tan 1 x sin xo (v) lim 0 4. ax 1 (i) Lt 0 x ax bx (1+ x)n 1 (iii) lim = n x 0 = loge x Lt = 1 = loge a (a > 0) x 0 x x = x 0 180 EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC x lim = 1 x (iii) = 1 x 0 x lim = 1 x LIMITS sin x (i) lim cos x = 1 = 1

m a = n a

m amn n

(ii) x

(iv) x

(vi) x LIMITS

ex 1 (ii) x a , a, b > 0 b x (v) (1+ ax)1/ x Lt (1 + x)1/ x = e = Lt = ea x 0 x (vii) lim x (viii) lim 1+ x 1 + a x 1 f (x) f (x) = e , where f (x) as x = ea x 1 + 1 x (vi) lim x 0 (iv) lim x 0

1/ f (x) log x (ix) lim (1+ f (x)) lim m = 0 (m > 0) x a x log (1+ x) a (xi) 2 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 7----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE 5. APPROXIMATIONS 2 2 (i) (ii) cosax !1 a x sin ax ! ax OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES lim x 0 = loga e x = e (x) x

(a > 0, a 1)

2 (iii) tan ax ! ax (iv) eax !1 + ax (v) eax !1ax log(1 + ax) ! ax (viii) (vii) ax ! 1 + (log a)x sinhax ! ax e 2 2 a x (ix) tanhax ! ax (x) coshax ! 1+ 2 (xi) 6. SOME n 1 x ! 1 USEFUL x , |x| < 1 n (vi)

EXPANSIONS

If x 0 and there is at least one function in the given expansion which can be expanded, then we express numerator and denominator in the ascending powers of x and rem ove the common factor there, the following expansions of some standard functions should be r emembered. 2 2 x x x (b) 2 2 2 x x (c) a = 1+ log(1+ x) = x + 2 x2 3 (loga)x x + ..... 1 3 x2 x = 1 x4 (e) log(1 x) = 2 + 4 ....... x + x3 (f) cos 2 (loga) x + ...... (d) 3 x x

(a) ex = 1+ 1 + 2 + ...... e x = 1 1+ 2 3 + .....

2 + 3 + .....

3 3 (g) sin h x = x + 5

x x x x sin x = x 3 + 5 ....... 3 + 5 + ....... x3 2x5 x3 2x5 tan x = x + ....... + + ....... 3 15 3 15

(h)

(i) tan h x = x +

(j)

x2 x4 1 x3 9x5 (k) cosh x = 1+ 2 + 4 + ....... cos x = 2 x + 3 + 5 + ......

(l)

(m) sin 1 x = x + x3 + 9x5 tan 1 x = x x3 + x5 x7 + ...... 3 3 n (o) (1+ x) = 1+ nx + 5 7 5

+ ......

(n)

n(n 1) 2 2 x + ....... where n z+

x 1 (p) 1+ x = e 1 2 3 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 8----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE 7. OF CORRESPONDENCE FORMS COURSES ! x + 24 11 2 x + ......

INDETERMINATE

The forms which cannot be defined exactly are called indeterminate for ms, they are 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 , , 0 , and 1

L HOSPITALS RULE f (x) If Lt f (x) takes the form of 0 or then the limit of the fu nction is Lt f (x) , if Lt itself x a x a g(x) g (x) 0 f (x) takes the form again , then the limit of the function is Lt and the process is continued x a 0 g (x) 0 g (x) 0 x a

till

, 0

is eliminated then limit is obtained. 0

1. If 0 form is given, convert it in the form of by taking one term to the denominater 0 then apply LHospitals Rule. 0 2. or 0 If ( ) form is given, take L.C.M convert it in the form of form, then take the help of LHospitals Rule. ,

0 0 3. 0 and form is given take the help of logarithms convert th e problem again in the form of 0 or 0 g(x) g(x) Lt g(x)[f (x)1] takes the form of 1 x a x a 8. LIMIT OF GREATEST INTEGER FUNCTION then write it as form and then use LHospitals Rule.

Lt

x a 4. If Lt [f (x) ] (f (x) ) = e

Greatest integer function is denoted by [.] Let a R then two cases arise. Case (1) if a integer then we have 1. Lt [x] = a + x a Lt [x] = a 1 x a Lt [x] does not exist x a

2.

3.

Case (2) If a integer then Lt [x] = c x c

4 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 9----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE Example : If f (x) = [x] = 0 to x, then find [x] = 0 OF CORRESPONDENCE , [x] 0 COURSES

sin[x]

where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal Lt f (x) x 0

Solution :

Lt f (0 h) = Lt f (0 + h) h 0 h 0 sin[h] Lt h 0 [ h] h 0 [h] = Lt sin1 1 sin[h]

9.

SANDWICH THEOREM y Suppose that g(x) f(x) h(x) for all x in some open h(x) interval containing c, except possibly at c itself. f(x) Suppose also that g(x) Lt g(x) = Lt h(x) = ! then x c x c O This is called sandwich theorem. c SPECIAL TYPES 1. OF LIMITS Lt f (x) = ! x c

10.

Use of Leibnitzs formula for evaluating the limit Consider the integral (x) g(x) = f (t)dt then

(x) g (x) = f[(x)] (x) f ((x)) (x) 2. ntegral as Summation the limit of of a series sum. using definite i

It is used in the expression of the form 1 n nLt f n r =1 r n b = f (x)dx a

To Evaluate such limits we note the following (a) (b) n 1 (c) n (d) (e) Lower limit is always zero. Upper limit is Coefficient of n in the upper limit of 5 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 10----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES DERIVATIVES 11. DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION Let y = f(x) be a function defined on an interval [a, b]. Let for a small increment x in x, the corresponding increment in the value of y be . Then y = f(x) and y + = f(x + x) ! dx r x (r = x , n = 1) is replaced by sign of integration

On subtraction, we get = f(x + x) f(x) or f (x + x) f (x) =

x x 0 we have,

Taking limit on both sides when

f (x + x) f (x) lim = lim x 0 x x 0 x if this limit exists, is called the derivative or differential coefficien t of y with respect to x and is dy written as dx f (x + x) f (x) = lim = lim . This is called Differen tiation from first principle. dx x 0 x x0 x dy Derivative at a point: or f (x) . Thus

The value of f (x) obtained by putting x = a, is called the derivative of f(x) at x = a and it is denoted by f (a) or dy dx x=a dy d d Note : is (y ) in which on and not d divided by dx. dx dx dx 12. SOME n1 (i) = nx dx d x x (iii) = a log a dx e d 1 (v) x) = a dx x loge a d (vii) (sin x) = cos x (viii) e x dx d (c (log x) = (vi) (log 1 d (e ) = e (iv) dx (a ) x DIFFERENTIATION d (constant) = 0 (ii) dx d x FORMULAE d n (x ) is simply a symbol of operati

os

x) 6

sinx dx

dx

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 .: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 11----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE d (cot (ix) x) = dx d (xi) (cosec x) dx d 1 (cos (xiii) dx x) = 1 1 (sin x) 2 1 x 1 1 (xv) dx (tan x) (cot x) = 1+ x2 1 d 1 (xvii) (cosec x) dx | x | x2 1 d ax (xix) 2 + b2 e sin dx d ax (xx) + b2 e cos dx a (e (bx + ax (e (bx 1 b sin bx) = + tan ) a ax 1 b cos bx) = tan ) ax e (a cos bx b sin bx) ax e (a sin bx + b = | x | x 1 1 1 (sec x) d 1 = 1+ x2 1 (xvi) 1 = 1 x 2 (xiv) = (sec x) = sec cosecx cotx x tan x (xii) 2 (tan x) cosec x = 2 sec x (x) OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

! Ph

dx d dx d dx

d dx

d = 2 (xviii) dx

cos bx) = a

= a2

d (xxi) dx d (xxii) dx 13. ALGEBRA (i) OF Sum d dx (ii) Scalar log |x| =

x or | x | |x| 1 = x

| x | : x 0 x

DIFFERENTIATION and difference f (x)] = 2 dx multiple rule rule d [f (x)] 1 d [f (x)] 2 dx

[f (x) 1

d d dx [k f(x)] = k dx [f(x)] , where k is any constant (iii) Product rule d [f (x).f (x)] = [f (x)] 1 2 1 dx (iv) Quotient rule d f (x) [f (x)] f (x) 2 dx 1 1 = dx (v) d u . d v . 1 d x 7 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 12----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives 2 3 d x d u d v = if y = f (u), u = f (v) and v = f (x) then Chain f (x) 2 rule d y d y [f (x)] 2 2 d dx [f (x)] 2 dx d [f (x)] + [f (x)] 2 2 dx d [f (x)] 1

f (x) 1

INSTITUTE

OF

CORRESPONDENCE OF PARAMETRIC

COURSES FUNCTIONS

14. DERIVATIVE ter)

Let x and y are two functions of variable such that x = f(t) and y = g(t). then dy dy = dx dx dt dt = f (t) g (t)

(parame

dy Example dx

If x = a(cos + sin), y = a(sin cos) then find

dx Solution : sin d dy = tan dx 15. DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS = a[ sin + sin + cos] = a cos ;

dy = a(cos cos + d

If in an equation, x and y both occur together. i.e. f(x, y) = 0 or f(x, y) = c and this function can not be solved either for y or x then f(x, y) is called the implicit funct ion of x (or y). f y If x + x b y = a , dy x (x 1 + yx logy) then dx = f = (xy logx + xyx1 ) y 15.1. WORKING RULE FOR FINDING THE DERIVATIVE Method 1 (i) Differentiate every term of f(x, y) = 0 with respect to x. dy dy (ii) Collect the coefficients of . dx dx Method 2 and obtain the value of

 f dy If f(x, y) = constant, then dx = artial differential coefficients of x fx f = f where y y f(x, y) with respect to x and y respectively. Note : An implicit function can be differentiated either with respec t to x or with respect to y 16. DERIVATIVE FUNCTION OF A FUNCTION WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER f f x and y are p

Let y = f(x) and z = g(x) be two functions of x then the derivative of f(x) w.r.t g(x) or derivative of dy y is denoted dy i.e. dy = dz dx = f (x) dz g (x) dx 8 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 .: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 13----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE Example cos 1 2 1 x2 2 1+ x 1+ x 1 sin Solution : 2 + x Let f(x) = 1+ x 2 2x = 2tan 1 x 2 f (x) = 1 OF CORRESPONDENCE 2x 2 COURSES with respect to ! Ph by dz

Find the derivative of sin1

 1 = g(x) Let 2 cos

1 x2 = 2tan 2 1+ x

1 x g (x) = 1

+ x Hence the derivative of f(x) with respect to g(x) is 2 f (x) 2/1+ x = = 1 2 g (x) 2/1+ x 17. USE OF LOG IN FINDING TYPE (f(x) )g(x) g(x ) Let y = [f(x)] Taking log on both sides we get log y = g(x) . log f(x) Differentiating we get dy = [f(x)] dx Example - 3 18. DIFFERENTIATION (i) (ii) 1 x = (iii) tan sin (2x sin1 1 cos 1 x 1 x2 ) 1 2x x 2 1 x 2x 1 x2 1 an 1 (vii) 2 tan x = cos x 2 = 1 sin 2 (viii) 2 t 1 = x d dx {x tanx tanx } = x sec 2 xlogx + SUBSTITUTIONS sin1 [x 1 y 2 y 1 cos [xy 1 y = tan x y 1 x y (iv) 2 sin 1 x2 ] 2 (1 x 2 )(1 y )] 1 tanx x g(x) g (x) logf(x) + g(x) f (x) f(x) DERIVATIVES OF THE FUNCTION OF

USING TRIGONOMETRICAL x

sin1 y 1 cos 1 tan y

= =

1 cos (2x

2 1) (vi) 2

1 tan

1 (v) 2 cos x = tan

1+ x 1+ x 1 x 1 3 (ix) tan x = sin (3x 4x ) 4 1 = tan 1+ x 9 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 14----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE 3x x3 1 1 tan 1 (xi) 3 cos x = x = tan 1 3x2 cos (4x 3x) (xii) 3 1 3 COURSES 1 x (x) 3 1 sin

an

1 1 (xiii) sin x + x + cot x = 2 1 (xv) sec x +

1 cos x =

(xiv) 2 1 x = 2 t

cosec

19. SUITABLE

SUBSTITUTION a2 x 2 , then put x2 + a2 , then put x2 a2 , then put x a x

(i) If the function involve the term x = a sin , or x = a cos (ii) x = a tan If the function involve the term

(iii) If the function involve the term = a sec

(iv) If the function involve the term x = a cos

a + x

, then put

th 20. n n DIFFERENTIATION n OF SUITABLE FUNCTION m mn (1) D (ax + b) = n + 1) a (ax + b) (2)

m(m

1)

(m

2)

...........

(m

If m N and m > n, then m ! n D (ax m + b) = (m n) ! n m D (x ) = n D (ax + b) n n D (x ) = n ! n = n ! m ! x (m n) ! n a mn n a (ax + mn b)

(3)

(4)

Dn

1 ax + b n 1 x

n n = ( 1) n ! a n+1 (ax + b)

n ( 1) n ! = n+1 x n1 (1) (n 1) ! n n a (ax + b)

(5)

n D {log (ax +b)} =

n D (log x) = n ax D (e ) n (7) 10 D (a mx ) = n =

n1 (1) (n 1) ! n x ax a e n (log mx n a) a . m

(6)

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 15----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA

INSTITUTE (8) n D {sin n D (sin n D {cos n D (cos n + c b (10) D {e + n tan ) a n ax 1 b (11) D {e cos c + n tan ) a n1 (12) n 1 x D (tan ) a Where = tan n 1 D (tan x) = (1) 1 Where = tan 3 Example - 4 Solution : If x = a cos Since chain rule) x = ( x (1) = 1 ( x n1 a ) 1 ax sin (bx + c)} n (ax + b)} =

OF a sin

CORRESPONDENCE (ax + b +

COURSES n ) 2

x)

sin

(x n

+ 2

n ) n ) 2

(9)

(ax

b)}

a cos n ) 2 2 =

(ax

x)

cos

(x

2 n/2 ax (a + b ) e sin (bx

2 (bx + c)} = (a +

2 n/2 ax b ) e cos (bx

n (n 1) ! sin sin n n a

n (n1) ! sin sin n

(13)

1 ) 3 , y = a sin a 3 cos d (cos3 ) d (cos ) (cos ) . d (Using d y , then find d x .

d x d = a

2 = and 2 = 3a sin . cos d = a d (sin ) d y . y = a 3a cos 3 sin d y (sin ) = 3a

2 cos

sin

d (sin3 ) d (sin )

d 2

Now, tan

d y = d x

d d x d

3a sin

cos

3a cos2 sin

21. HIGHER

ORDER

DIFFERENTIATION

th If y = f(x) be a differentiable function of x, such that whose second, t hird............, n derivatives exist. 2 th d y d y d y The first, second, third ........., n derivatives of y = f(x) are deno ted respectively by d x , dx2 , ......., dxn 11 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 16----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES y, y , 1 f, dy, ln x x (n) y"........y y ..............,y 3 n n f".............f 2 3 n d y, d y,.........d y 2 d y then find dx2 y , 2 n

Also denoted by

Example - 5

If y =

ln x Solution : We have y = x xy = ln x .....(1) Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get d y x d x 2 + ln x = 1 d y xy = 1 x .....(2) + y . 1= x 2 d y d x 1

x d x + [From (1)]

Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 2 x 2 d y d y 1 dx2 + d x . 2x + x = 0

2 d y 3 d y 2 x dx2 + 2x d x + 1= 0 2 d y x 2 [from (2)] dx 3 2

= 0

(1

ln

x)

2 3 d y d y 2 = dx 22. DERIVATIVE 2 ln x 3 Hence 3 dx x OF INFINITE SERIES x 2 = (2 ln x 3) or

If taking out one or more than one terms form an infinite series. y = (A) If y f (x ) + y d y Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get (2y 1) dx = f (x) ....... (y = f (x) + 2 y) = f(x) f (x ) + f (x) + ......... then

(B)

If

y y

{f ( x)} = {f(x)}{f(x)} y ! n = e f(x)

y then y = {f(x)}

12 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 17----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get d y = x) d x dx d y d x = y {f(x)} y f (x) + ln f(x) f(x) dy dx f(x) y e ln f(x) y 1 f (x) + ln f( dy

(x)
(C)

y {1 {f(x)} ln f(x)} f(x) f(x) then dy = f(x) dx d x x (x ) = x (1+ logx) dx d(sinx

d y d x f(x)

y1 {f(x)}

f (x)[1+ logf(x)]

sin x sin x ) = (sin x) .cos x[1+ logsin x]

g(x) f (x) (D) f(x) d logx logx 1 y = f(x) then dx f(x) g (x)logf(x) g(x) dy = g(x) +

dx {(sinx)

} = (sinx)

x log(sinx) + logx.cot x

1 (E) y = f(x) + f(x) + f(x) + 1+ f(x) (F) y = log 1 f(x) 1+ tanx y = log 1 tanx d y Example d x Solution : then dx dy = then dy dx = 1 ..... then

dy dx =

2 y f (x) y2 + 1

2f (x) 2 1 f (x) 2sec2 x 2 1 tan x

If y = We have y = y 2 y 2 (y

x +

y +

x + x +

y + ....... y + x +

then find y + ......

= x)

x + x 2 =

y + y = 2y 2y 13

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 18----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 2 2 (y x) 2y d x 2 (y d y 1) d x 2 d y 1 = 2 d x 2 (y d y

(2y

x)

x)

Hence 23. DIFFERENTIATION f ! If F(x) = u en f ! F(x) = u v w OF g m A h n

d y (y x ) d x = (2y3 2xy 1) DETERMINANT FUNCTION

Where f, g, h, !, m, n, u, v, w are functions of x and differentiable th g m v h n w h n w + f g h n w h n + f ! u f + ! u m v g g m v h n w h n w

! m u f ! u v g m v w

or

F(x) =

f g ! m u v

14 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 19----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

SOLVED EXAMPLES ax bx Example - 1 Lt x 0 (1) ) ) log(b/a) (3) a/b Ans. (1) (ax 1) (bx 1) Lt x 0 ax 1 Lt x bx 1 ( Lt x tan x tan x = 1) Solution : logab (4 = tan x log(a/b) (2

x 0

x 0

= loga logb = log(a/b) Example - 2 Lt (cos x + a sin bx)1/ x = x 0 ab a/b (1) ) ) e (3) logab Ans. (1) Given limit is in the form 1 2 x 1 Lt [cos x +a sin bx 1] x0 x e x2 1 + abx1 2 Lt x0 = e 1 Example - 3 Lt n + 3.5 1 1 (1) ) 2 3 1 1 (3) ) 6 4 Solution : Ans. (3) (4 (2 5.7 1 + .... + (2n + 1)(2n + 3) ab x = e 1 = (sin bx " bx ) 2 cos x " 1 Solution : log(a/b) (4 e (2

Lt 1 n 2 1 = 2 3

1 1 + 1 1 + .... + 3 1 = 6 15 5 1 5 7

1 2n + 1

1 2n + 3

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 20----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE 0)10 Example - 4 = OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

(x + 1)10 + (x + 4)10 + (x + 9)10 + ... + (x + 10 Lt x (1) 1000 (3) 1 Solution : Ans. (3) 1 10 x10 1 + x Lt 10 x x = 1 + 1 + ..... + 10 times = 10 Note : If the degree of numerater and denomenater are equa l, then the ratio of constant terms is the limit when x 0 and the ratio of coefficient s of highest degree terms is the limit when x . 2 10 1 + x 100 10 + 1 + x 4 10 + .... + 1 + x 100 10 10 (4) 100 x 10 + 100 (2) 10

x Example - 5 Lt x 0 3 1 (1) 2 3 1 2 (3) 2 3 Solution : Ans. (4) 2 x d dx Lt x 0 sin 0 d dx = " x) x 0 = Lt 2 x 0 3x Example - 6 Lt greatest integer function x x (1) 3 6 x (3) does not exist (4) (2) 3 is, where [.] denotes the [x]+ [2x]+ ....+ [nx] 2 n x 3x 2x x = 2 Lt sin x (2x) 2 (Use Leibnitzs rule and sinx t dt (4) (2) sin 0 3 x t dt =

3 (x )

2 Solution : Ans. (4) Using the fact nx 1 < [nx] nx 16 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 21----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES !

(nx 1) < [nx] nx n(n + 1) x 2 r =1 x n(n + 1) n n x Lt [rx] 2 n r =1 n x 2 2 n < Lt [rx] Lt n r =1 n x.n( 2 2n n n < [rn] x n(n + 1) 2

n + 1) Lt n x 2 n n 2

Example - 7 Lt x 0

Lt [rx] = n r =1 1 2 sin x 2 sinh 1 2

(Using sandwich theorem) 2 = x (2)

(1) 0 3 1 2 (3) 3 3 Solution : Ans. (1)

(4)

sinh2 x sin2 x Lt 2 x 0 sinh = Lt x 0 xsin 2 x x 0 = Lt

sinh2 x sin2 x 4 x (L.H.R) 2x e e sin 2x

2sinh x cosh x 2sin x cos x 3 4x

2x = Lt x 0 sinh 2x sin 2x 3 4x = Lt x 0 3 2 sin 2 4x 3 + 2x 2 4.3! 3

3 2x 3 2x 2 e (2) e = Lt x 0 erivative) 8 + 8 + 8 2 = 4.3.2 == 8.3 16 = 3 2 2

( the degree of denominator is 3, we take the 3rd order d

2 Lt 1 cos(ax2 + bx + c) Example - 8 Let a, b be the distinct roots of ax + bx + c = 0, then 2 is equal to x 2 2 2 a ( ) 2 17 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 h.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ! P 2 (3) 0 (4) 2 (1) ( ) 2 (2) (x ) ( )2 a

----------------------- Page 22----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE Solution : OF CORRESPONDENCE Ans. (4) Lt + c a(x )(x ) ) x 2 ( ) cosax " 1 2 2 (1 tan x / 2)(1 sin x) Example - 9 Lt 3 x (1+ tan x / 2)( 2x) 2 1 (1) 0 8 1 (3) Solution : 32 Ans. (3) (1 tan x / 2)(1 sin x) lim 3 x (1+ tan x / 2)( 2x) 2 If x 2 1 tan h 3 2 8h 2 = lim h h 0 cosh "1 2 1+ tan h h 4 2 1 cosh 3 = lim tan h 0 (2h) 4 then h 0 put x = 2 + 4 + h 1 h (4) (2) = = Lt x 2 2(x ) = 2 a x a (x ) (x ) a (x ) 2 2 2 2 2 1 cosa(x )(x ) 2 ( ax2 + bx COURSES

4 tan = lim 3 h 0 8h h h2 2 2

2 h h2 2 2 = lim 3 h 0 8h 32 =

Example - 10

2 4 2 4 tan[e ]x tan[e ]x Lt 4 = x 0 sin x (1) 0 8 (2) (4)

15 (3) 7 Solution : Ans. (2) 2 2 e = (2.718) = 7.3875 2 sin x " x [e ] = 7, [e ] = 8 ) tan 7x4 d 2 sin Example - 11 d x 1 x cot = 1 Lt x 0 + tan8x4 4 sin x 1+ x 15x4 = x 4 = 15 ( , 2 tanax " ax

1 (1) 0 2 1 (3) 1 2 18 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 h.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 23----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA ! P (4) (2)

INSTITUTE Solution : Ans. (1)

OF

CORRESPONDENCE

COURSES

1 1+ x 2 Let y = sin cot 1 x 1+ cos 2 y = sin cot 1 cos 2 y = sin d y = d x y Example - 12 . 2 1 If y = (a x )(x b) - (a b) tan a x x b d then find d x . 1 = 2 1 cos 2 = 2 2 1 x = 2 1 2 x 1 . Put 2 2 1 = sin cot (cot ) x = cos 2 .

x a a x (1) x b x + b a x + a (3) x b x + b Solution : Ans. (3) 2 Let .....(1) 2 and .....(2) 1 y = (a b) sin cos (a b) tan tan x b = a cos + b sin 2 b = (a b) cos 2 x = a cos + b sin 2 a x = a a cos b sin 2 = (a b) sin 2 2 (4) x (2)

(a b) = 2 d y d y Then = tan d x d x d a x = (1) and (2)] x b 1 Example - 13 isDerivative of sec 2x 1 (1) 2 1 1 (3) 3 6 19 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 h.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 24----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE Solution : OF CORRESPONDENCE Ans. (1) 1 Let y = sec dy 2 2 2x 1 4x 1 and z = 1+ 3x COURSES ! P (4) 0 (2) 2 1 1 w.r.t 1+ 3x at x = 3 1 [From (b a) sin 2 sin 2 = d = (a b) cos 2 (a b) = 1 cos 2 sin2 (a b)

2 1+ 3x dy dx 2 dx 2x d y d x 1 x = 3 1 Example - 14 y (1) y x x (3) y y Solution : Ans. (1) 1 x = y = 1 + d y 1 d y d x = d x 1+ d 2 2 Example - 15 . 2 (a2 b2 ) a + b If y = .tan1 a b 2 d = 1 2 = d x d = 1 + d y d = 1 1 1 2 , 1 2 If x = x and y = + 1 = 0 . 1 2 1 = dz dx = 2 (2x 1) 1 (2x

2 1) = 3

4x 3

1 1 2 1+ 3x 2 2x 1 1

d y , then d x =

(2)

x (4)

1 x = 1 + y

tan

x then find

d y

dx

b cos x b sin x (1) 2 (a + b cos x ) (a + b cos x ) b sin x bcosx (3) (a + bcosx )2 Solution : Ans. (2) 2 We have y = . tan (a2 b2 ) 20 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 : (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 25----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE Let .(1) a + b 2 y = . tan 2 2 (a b ) d y 1 d u = 2 = [From (1)] . (a2 b2 ) 1+ a b tan2 x a + b 2 = . 1 2 (a2 b2 ) . 1+ u2 = 1 (a2 b2 ) . 1+ u2 2 1 2 2 1 u u = OF CORRESPONDENCE tan x COURSES ............ ! Ph. a + b 1 a b tan 2 x (b + a cos x )2 (4) 2 (2)

a b

(a2 b2 ) 1+

a b a + b

1 cos x 1+ cos x (a + b) (1 + cos x

2 ) . = x)} (a 2 = .....(2) (a2 b2 ) d u and ........(3) d x x ) d y = d y . d x = om (2) and (3)] a b 1 = a + b cos x 2 d y = dx2 (a + b cos x)2 d y , then 2 x 2 2 ) ) (1) x [1 + tan (log x) + sec x] 2x [1 + tan (log x)] + sec x (3) none of these Ans. (4) Solution : 2x [1 + tan (log x)] + sec x d x tan1 y x2 Example - 16 If x = e b sin x (a + b cos x ) d u d x a + b . (1+ cos x ) d u a + b 2 = a b . . b ) 2 2

{(a + b) (1+ cos x) + (a b) (1 cos

(a + b) (1+ cos x ) (2a + 2b cos x ) 1 sec 2 2 x = a + b a b . (1+ cos 1

a b . a + b [fr

equals-

(2 (4

21 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 26----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES !

Taking log on both sides, we get 1 log x = tan x 2 2 tan (log x) = (y x ) / x 2 2 y = x + x tan (log x) d y 2 d x = 2x + 2x tan (log x) + x sec (log x) 2 = 2x [1 + tan (log x)] + x sec (log x) Example - 17 xy 2xe 2xe yx x(xe x(xe + 2) 2xe (3) none of these x (xe Solution : Ans. (1) Using partial derivatives, we have dy = dx = 2 y x x e + 2xe 2xey x + 2y + 2xy 2 yx 2xey + 2yex + 2xyex + 2) x y + 2y (x + 1) y x + 2) + 2y (x + 1) (1) + 2y (x + 1) yx (2) 2 y x If x e + 2xye + 13 = 0, then yx d y d x equals y x2 2

(4)

x e 2xeyx =

+ 2x

+ 2y (x + 1) yx x (xe + 2) sin x + d y ........ , then d x equal

Example - 18 scos x

If y =

sin x + sin x

(1) 2y + 1 2y 1 cos x (3) none of these 2y + 1 Solution : Ans. (2) y = sin x + y 2 y = sin x + y d y = d x 22 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 27----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE Example - 19 quals1 (1) (2) x y 1 1 3 x y 2 2 2 If x + y = t 1 OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES 2y 1 2y 1 cos x = 2 y y sin x = 0 cos x

(2)

(4)

1 4 4 2 t , x + y = t +

1 d y t2 , then d x e

(3) (4) x y Solution : Ans. (3) 3

3 x y

Squaring the first equation, we have 1 4 2 2 2 x + y + 2x y = t + t 1 om second equation) t 2 2 x y = 1 d y 2y d x = x 2 2 d y3 d y Example - 20 2 d x dx (1) p(x) p(x) (3) none of these Solution : Ans. (3) 2 Giveny = p(x) p(x) = 2yy 2 p(x) = 2yy + 2y p(x) = 2yy + 6yy Also d 2 d x 2 3 d y y d x2 d = 3 2 d x (y y ) ...(ii) ...(i) p(x) p(x) (4) p (x) p(x) (2) If y = p(x) is a polynomial of degree 3, then is equal to2 2 3 2 y = x d y d x = 1 3 x y t 1 2 2 t + 2 2 2 2 + 2x y = t + 1 2 2 (fr 4 2 2

3 2 = 2 [y y + 3y yy]

2 = y [2yy + 6yy] = p(x) p(x) x + y Example - 21 1, then f(2) = If f 2 1 (1) (2) 1 2 1 (3) 4) 2 23 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 28----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE Solution : OF CORRESPONDENCE Ans. (3) 2x + 0 f(x) = f 2 2h f f(x) f (x) = Lt h0 f(x + h) f(x) h = Lt h0 f(2x) + f(0) 2 f(2h) f(0) = Lt 2h0 2h f(x) = x + c = f (0) 2 /h 2 h = 2 2x + f(2x) + f(0) COURSES 1 ( = 2 f(x) + f(y) from (i) and (ii) x,y R and f (0) = 1 , f(0) =

f(2x) + f(2h) = Lt h0

f (x) = f (0) = 1

 Example - 22

f(0) = c

c = 1

f(2) = 2 + 1 = 1

If f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) and f(x) = 1 + xg(x) H(x) where Lt g(x) = 2 and Lt H(x) = 3 then x 0 f (x) = (1) f(x) 3f(x) x 0

(2) (4) Solution :

2f(x) (3) 6f(x) Ans. (4) f(x + h) f(x) f(h) 1 f (x) = Lt = Lt h 1+ hg(h)H(h) 1 = f(x) Lt h0 = f(x) (2 3) = 6f(x) g(x)f(a) g(a)f(x) If f(a) = 2, f (a) = 1 , g(a) = 1, g (a) = 2 then the Lt is x a 1 (1) 5 x a h = f(x) Lt g(h)H(h) h0 h0 h f(x)f(h) f(x)

= f(x) Lt h0 h0 h

Example - 23 value of

(2) 5 (3) (4) Solution : 4 Ans. (3) Use L.H.R g (x)f(a) g(a)f (x) Lt x a 1 = g (a)f(a) g(a)f (a) 5

= 2(2) (1) (1) = 4 + 1 = 5 1 x Example - 24 If g(x) = x 2 (1) (2) (4) 24 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 29----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE SES Solution : Ans. (4) 1 x Given g(x) = x 2 x x g(x) = {3t 2g (t)} dt 2 g(x) + xg (x) = {3x 2g (x)} (1) 0 g(2) + 2 g (2) = 6 2g (2) 4g (2) = 6 g(2) = 6 0 = 6 g (2) = 3 2 1/ x f(1+ x) {3t 2g (t)} dt OF CORRESPONDENCE COUR 3/2 (3) 3/2 2/3 2/3 {3t 2g (t)} dt then = g (2)

 Example - 25 n x 0

Lt

= Let f : R R be such that f(1) = 3 and f (1) = 6 the f(1)

1/2 (1) (2) e 2 3 (3) (4) Solution : e Ans. (3) 1/ x f (1+ x) Let y = f (1) 1 log y = x f (1+ x) 1) = 3 Lt (y) = e2 x 0 25 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 30----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES EXERCISES LEVEL - I sinx 1. Lt x 0 x sinx x sinx = 6 = 2 x 0 x 0 f (1+ x) f (1) log ( Lt (y) ) = Lt = f ( {logf (1+ x) logf (1)} e 1

1 1 (1) e e 2 (3) e e 1 1+ 2 2. Lt n 1+ 3 4 2 (1) 3 3 1 1 (3) 3 2 2 2 (a + h) sin(a + h) a sina 3. Lt h0 = h (2) (4) (2) 1 + 32 + 22 1 + .....+ 3n 1 + ....+ 2n = 1 1 (4) 2 (2)

2 (1) a cosa + 2a sina a (cosa + 2 sina) 2 (3) a (cosa + 2 sina) 0 1 4. c) 2 x If , be the roots of ax + bx + c = 0, then is

(4)

2 Lt (1+ ax x + bx +

(1) a( ) a( )| (3) ea( ) 3 1/ x (1+ a ) + 8e Lt 3 1/ x = 2 Then x 0 1+ (1 b )e

(2) log | (4) ea( + )

5.

(1) a = 1, b = 2 a = 1, b = 31/3 (3) a = 1, b = 1/2 = 2, b R sinn 6. Lt n (1) 0 (3) 1 n 26 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 31----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE x 7. Lt cos n cos 2 4 x cos 8 OF CORRESPONDENCE x cos 2 COURSES x n = = n

(2) (4) a

(2) (4)

sinx (1) 1 x (3) sinx 1 8. Lt n (1) 0 1 (3) 2 9. If Lt iven by x 0 sin2x + asinx 3 x (2) 2, 1 (4) 3 be finite, then the value of a and the limit are g 2 + 1 n n 2 + ..... + 2 1 n 1 n 2 = 1 (2) 2 1 (4) 1 (2) x

(1) 2, 1

(3) 2, 1 3 cosx 10. Lt 2 x 0 1 (1) 6 1 (3) 12 1 x Lt 1 2 = x 1 (cos x) 1 (1) 4 1 (3) 4 2 2 + ....[n x]} 12. If [x] denotes the greatest integer x , then x (1) 2 x (3) 6 27 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 .: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 32----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE d 13. cos OF CORRESPONDENCE 1 COURSES sin x cos x =

(4) 2, 1

1 (2) 3 1 (4) 14

11.

1 (2) 2 1 (4) 3 2

{[1 x] + [2 x] Lt n x (2) 3 (4) 0 3 n

! Ph

x x 1 1 =

d 1 (1) 2

x 1 2 1+ x

x + x

(2)

1+ x 2 2 (3) 2 1+ x 1+ x x + ..... d y x + e If y = ex+e , then d x = y 1 (1) 1 y y y y (3) 1+ y y 1 15. y 1 (3) y + 1 none of these 1 1 16. = 2 (1) 2 4 (3) 6 1 1 17. If y = 1+ x 1 x x d y , then d x = 1 1 1 x (4) (2) Differential coefficient of sec is2 2x 1 1 w.r.t. 1 x 2 at x (4) If y = 1 + x + (1) y x2 x3 d y 2 ! + 3 ! + ....... , then d x = (2) (4) (2) 1 2 (4)

14.

1 1+ 1+ (1) x x log 1+ 1 (3) x 18. + + x x 1+ x 1 x 1 ( ) (4) x + 1 2x + 3 3 2x 2x + 3 9 cos (log x ) 9 cos log (1) 3 2x x (3 2x ) 2 x (3 2x ) 2x + 3 9 sin log 3 2x2 2 2x + 3 (3) 2 2x)2 sin log 3 2x (3 2x ) 28 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 33----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE 1 19. If y = cot ll be1/ 2 2 1 (cos 2x) 1/ 2 OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES 6 wi 1 (4) (3 2 (2) , then d y = d x x log x 1 x x + 1 x x 1+ x log 1+ (2) x log 1+

If f (x) = sin (log x) and y = f

1/2 d y , then the value of d x at x =

(1) 3 1/2 1/2 (3) (3) (6) 20. If y = logcos x sin x, then d y d x is equal to-

(2) 3

(4)

cot x log cos x + tan x log sin x tan x log cos x + cot x log sin x (1) 2 2 (log cos x ) (log cos x ) cot x log cos x + tan x log sin x cot x (3) (logsin x)2 21. (log sin x )2 dy If y = sinn xcosnx , then dx (1) nsinn1 xcos n + 1 x nsinn1 xsin n + 1 x ( ) ( ) n1 (3) n1 nsin 22. nsin xcosnx If f (x ) = cos x cos2x cos4x cos8x cos16x then f is xcos n 1 x ( ) equals

(2)

(4)

(2)

(4)

4 1 (1) 2 (3) 1 None of these 23. 2 (3) 0 (4) The value of the derivative of |x 2| + |x 3| at x = 3 is (1) 2 (2) (4) 2 (2)

1 x3 d3 24. Let f(x) = 6 3 (f(x)) at x = 0 is x 2 p 2 (1) p p + p 3 (3) p + p (4) Independent of p 2 2 25. If f (x) = g(x) and g (x) = f(x) for all x and f(2) = 4 = f (2) then f (19) + g (19) is (1) 16 32 (3) 64 8 29 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 34----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES LEVEL - II x x 1. Lt x a x a (1) 2 f(a) f(a) (3) a f(a) 0 1 2. Lt n 3 n + 1 + 4 9 n2 3 + 3 + .... + 3 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 = (4) f (x)dx = a (2) (4) (2) p p 3 sinx 1 cos x 0 where p is constant, then d

(2)

(1) 1 2/3 (3) 1/3 0 log(1+ {x}) 3. Lt x 0 (1) 1 0 (3) 2 does not exist x a 4. Lt x 0 a (1) 4 2 (3) 1 5. an + bn Lt n n , where a > b > 1, is equal to n a b (1) 1 (3) 0 none of these sin2 x 6. 2 2 2 1/ sin x 1/sin x 1/ sin x Lt 1 + 2 + .... + n x 0 { } (1) n(n + 1) (3) n 2 2 7. If G(x) = 1 1 (1) 24 5 25 x , then Lt x 1 G(x) G(1) is x 1 is x + a a 1/ x , a > 1 is 1/ x = (where {x} denotes the fractional part of x) {x}

(2) (4)

(2) (4)

(2) (4) 0

(2) 1 (4)

(2) 0 (4)

(2)

1 (3) 24 30 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 35----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE 8. If f(9) = 9, f (9) = 4 , then (1) 3 ) 4 (3) 6 ) 8 9. Lt x 0 (1) 2 ) 2 (3) 1/2 ) 1/2 10. sin x (sin x)sin x Lt x 1 sin x + log(sin x) 2 (1) 1 ) 2 (3) 3 ) 4 11. Given f (2) = 6 , and f (1) = 4 , Lt 2 h 0 f (h h (1) 3/2 ) 3 (3) 5/2 ) 3 (4 + 1) f (1) (2 2 f (2h + 2 + h ) f (2) is (4 = (4 x tan 2x 2x tan x 2 (1 cos2x) is (2 (4 OF Lt x 9 CORRESPONDENCE f (x) 3 = x 3 (2 COURSES 24 (4)

(2

12. then

3 2 Lt = Let g(x) = sin [ ]x sin [ ]x , [.] represents greatest integer function 4 x 0 sin (1) 63 x (2) (4 dy

2 3

g(x) 2

63 (3) 1 ) 1 13. If y = x |x| then dx | x | (1) ) x ) (3) 2 |x| x 14. 2y x (3) y x dy 15. 3 2 5 If x y = (x + y) then dx x y (1) ) y x x (3) logx y 31 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 (4) (2 = 2x y (4) 2 (1) x|x| dy y 2x y x + y then dx (2) = If 2 + 2 = 2 (4 =

|x|

(2

----------------------- Page 36----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE 16. 16 x OF CORRESPONDENCE 2 COURSES

d dx {(x + a)(x 15 15x a + a (1) 2 16 16

2 4 4 8 8 + a )(x + a )(x + a )} = 15 16 a + a 2 (2) x

16x

(x a) (x a) 16 x (3) 16x15 a16 x a 2 x f(x) = 1 17. If 0 (1) 1 (3) 6x2 2 3 18. If f(x) = cos x + cos )(x) = (1) 1 (3) cosx + cos 3 19. Let f(x) be a polynomial function of second degree if f(1) = f(1) and a, b, c are in A.P then f (a), f (b), f (c) are in (1) G.P (3) H.P (4) A.P (2) + x (4) 3 0 + x 3 sinx sin x + 3 (2) and (5/4) = 3 then (gof x2 (4) 0 2 6x (2) x 2x x 2 3x then f (x) = 3 a (4) 16

A.G.P x 20. If cos 2 (1) 1 2 tan 1 2 tan x 2 x 2 cos 2 1 + 22 tan x 22 x 2 cos 2 1 + 23 tan 1 + 23 tan x 22 x 22 x 23 x 23 x 3 sinx .........to = x 1 + ...... = cot x + x 1 + ...... = cot x x then

(2)

1 x + 22 tan 22 x 2 x 2 1 2 + 24 sec 1 2 + 24 sec

(3)

1 2 22 sec 1 2 22 sec

2 1 + ...... + = cosec x x2 2 1 + ...... = cosec x + x2 1 + x3

(4)

21. A triangle has two of its vertices at P(a, 0), Q(0, b) and the third ver tex R(x, y) is moving along the st.line dA y = x, if A be the area of the , then dx a b b (1) 2 4 a + b a + b (3) 2 4 32 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 37----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE 2 22. If f (x) = (x) and en the value of [f(10)] [ (1) 0 OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES (4) (2) a =

2 (x) = f(x) x , also f(3) = 5 and f (3) = 4 , th (10)] = (2)

9 (3) 25 5 23. If f(x) = sin 2 [x] x less than or equal to x, then 5 f 2 4/ 5 4/ 5 (1) 2 4/ 5 (3) 0 3 5 2 (2) 5 = , 1 < x < 2 and [x] denotes the greatest integer 41 (4)

(4)

2 1 24 If y = tan acosx bsinx (1) 1 a (3) 0 (4) 1 asinx + bcosx then dx (2) dy =

acos x bsinx x 25. If y = x a + x b + x a + b + ........ b b then dx dy =

(1) a(b + 2y) b + 2y a ab (3) b(b + 2y) a + b2y 33 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 38----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES LEVEL - III 1. Lt x cos x 1 (1) (3) 1 2. [x] Lt = x x (1) 1 (3) 1 not exist 3. x Lt 2 x secx tan x 2 (1) 1 (3) 2 3x xe 4. Lt x 0 1+ x2 x = 1 = (4) (2) sin 4x 4x =

(2)

(4)

(2) 3 (4) does

(2) 1 (4) 3

(1) 3 (3) 4 5. Lt x 0 e|x| 1 = x

(2) 6 (4) 1

(1) 1 (3) does not exist nx 1/ x 1/ x 1/ x 1 + 2 + ....+ n 6. Lt x (1) (3) 7. Lt x 1 (1) 2 (3) s not exist 34 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 39----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE 2x + 23x 6 8. Lt x / 2 1 x x 2 2 2 (1) 8 (3) 2 4 + 3a n 9. If an +1 = 3 + 2a n then Lt an = n = OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES 0 n n 1 x + x + x x = is n

(2) 1 (4) 0

(2) n (4) 0

(2) 1 (4) doe

(2) 4 (4) 6

(1) 0 (3) 2 1 10. If f (x) = x ....nterms x > 0, then 1+ x 1 1 (1) 1 x x (3) 1 x4 sin(1/ x) + x2 3 + 1 | x | 1 + Lt f (x) = (1+ x)(1+ 2x) n + .... + (1+ 2x)(1+ 3x) 1 2

(2) 2 (4)

+ .

(2) 1+ (4) 0

11.

The value of

lim x

is

(1) 1 (3) 0 2 2 2 2 cos x 1/ cos x 1/ cos x 1/ cos x 1 + 2 + .... + n

(2) 1 (4)

lim 12. The value of x 2

is

(1) 0 n(n + 1) (3) 2 dy 13. If siny = xcos(a + y) then dx 2 2 sin (a + y) cos (a + y) (1) sina cosa 2 2 =

(2) n

(4)

(2)

cos (a y) os (a + y) (3) cosa sina dy 14. 2 If sin mx + cos ny = a then dx msin2mx nsin2ny (1) nsin2ny msin2mx nsin2mx msin2mx (3) msin2ny nsin2ny 35 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 40----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE 15. OF CORRESPONDENCE 1 If f(x) = cot 2 (1) 1 4) (3) log2 log2 1 = 16. If y + logcot x tanx logtanx cot x tan 4 x 1 4 (1) 2) 4 + x 1 2 4 + x 2 ( 4x 2 then dx dy ( 1 COURSES then f (1) = (4) (2) 2 2 = (4)

xx x x

(2)

4 (3) 4) 4 x 17. 2 4 x

If 3f(cosx) + 2f(sinx) = 5x then f (cos x) = 5 5 (1) cosx 5 5 (3) sinx sin x (4) cosx (2)

18. If f(x) = (cosx + sinx) (cos3x + isin3x) .... (cos[(2n 1)x] + isin(2n 1) x] then f (x) = 2 2) 4 (1) n f(x) (3) 3 f(x) 4) 1 19. 5 1+ x 1 (1) 2) 1+ (f(x)) 5 5 4) 20. (3) 1+ ( 1+ ( f(x)) If 2 2 (x)) tan 1(y / x) then is ( 5 1+ ( (x)) 5 ( Let then n f(x) d [ (x)] = (x) be the inverse of the function f(x) and f (x) dx 1 = ( n f(x) n2 (

x a 2) (1) ae / 2 2

+ y e

= ae

,a > 0

y (0) (

/ 2

2 2 / 2 (3) e a a e

/ 2 (4)

2 2 d y 21. If y = a cos(logx) + b sin(logx) then x dx (1) 2) 1 36 y (3) y 0 2 + x

dy = dx ( (4)

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 41----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE 22. If siny = x sin(a + y) and of A is dx (1) cosa (3) 2 ax + b y = 23. If equal to 2 x + c (1) 3(xy (xy + y )y + y )y , where a, b, c are constants then (2xy + y)y (2) 3 is sina (4) 2 OF dy = 1+ x 2 2xcosa (2) CORRESPONDENCE A then the value COURSES

(3) hese 3(xy

+ y )y

(4) none of t

6 24. If 1 x x2 1 y6 (1) 2 1 x x2 (3) 2 one of these y 1 x6 6 1 y 6 y 1 x 2 + 1 y6 6 1 y

3 3 3 dy = a (x y ) , then dx

is equal to y2 (2) x

(4) n

u(x) 25. Let f(x) = log 2) is (x) (1) 0 1 (3) -1 2

, u (2) = 4, (2) = 2 , u(2) = 2, v(2) = 1, then f (

(2) (4)

37 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 42----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

QUESTIONS ASKED IN AIEEE & OTHER ENGINEERING EXAMS 1. m n m+ n dy If x y = (x + y) , then dx y (1) x x (3) xy [AIEEE - 2006] y (4) (2) xy is x + y

1 2. lim 2 n 1 (1) c1 2 (3) tan1 sec1 n sec

2 1 + 2 n n

2 sec 2

2 4 2 n

1 2 + .... + sec 1 n

is

1 (2) 2 1 (4) [AIEEE - 2005] 2 tan1 cose

2 1 cos(ax 3. + bx + c) 2 Let and be the distinct roots of ax + bx + c = 0 then 2 is equal to lim x (x a) 2 a (1) 2 2 (3) 2 2x a 4. If lim x 1+ x + x (2) a = 1, b (4) a = 1 and [AIEEE - 2004] x 1 tan 2 5. lim x / 2 1+ tan 1 (1) 8 1 (2) 0 is x 2 3 [ 2x] [1 sin x] b 2 2 = e , then the values of a and b, are 2 2 (4) 2 1 ( ) ( ) 2 (2) 0

( ) [AIEEE - 2005]

(1) a R, b = 2 R (3) a R, b R b = 2.

(3) [AIEEE - 2003] 32 38

(4)

FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 : (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 43----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives NARAYANA INSTITUTE log(3 + x) log(3 x) 6. If lim x 0 1 (1) 0 3 2 2 (3) 3 3 [AIEEE - 2003] = k , the value of k is x OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

! Ph.

(2)

(4)

n n 7. Let f(a) = g(a) = k and their nth derivatives f (a), g (a) exist and are not equal for some n. Further if f(a)g(x) f(a) g(a)f(x) + g(a) lim xa (1) 4 2 (3) 1 0 n n f (1) (1) f (1) 8. + If f(x) = xn , then the value of f(1) is 1! n! + 2! 3! + .... f (1) f (1) [AIEEE - 2003] (4) g(x) f(x) (2) = 4 , then the value of k is

n n1 (1) 2 2 (3) 0 1 y+ey+....to 9. If x = e 1 x 1 (1) x x x 1+ x (3) [AIEEE - 2003] 1+ x x 1 cos2x 10. lim x0 (1) (3) zero does not exist x 11. lim x (1) e2 3 (3) e e 12. For x R x 1 (1) e e 5 5 (3) e e [AIEEE - 2002] (4) (2) x + 2 , lim x 3 [AIEEE - 2002] x is (4) x2 + 5x + 3 2 x + x + 2 e4 is (2) [AIEEE - 2002] is 2 x (2) 1 (4) (4) (2) , x > 0 then dx [AIEEE - 2003] dy is (4) (2)

39 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 ! Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 44----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE 13. OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES xf(2) 2f(x) Let f(2) = 4 and f (2) = 4 . Then lim x 2 (1) (3) 2 4 [AIEEE - 2002] 2 2 d y dy 1+ x2 )n , then (1+ x ) dx2 + x dx is x 2 (2) 2 (4) 3 is given by

14. 2

If y = (x + 2 (1) n y

(2) n y

2 (3) y [AIEEE - 2002] dy 15. If siny = xsin(a + y) , then dx sina 2 in (a sina 2 2 in (a y) (3) sinasin (a + y) [AIEEE - 2002] sina dy s (4) + s y) (1) 2 sinasin (a + y) (2) is (4) 2x y

16.

If xy = ex y , then dx 1+ x

is 1 (2) 1

logx (1) 1+ logx + logx logx (3) 2 1+ logx) ex esin x 17. lim x 0 is equal to x sin x (2) 0 (4) non [UPSEAT - 2004] cos2x3 1 6 sin 2x 1 1 (1) [CEET (Haryana) - 2004] 16 16 1 1 (3) 32 32 3x1 4 19. lim 1 x x 1 (1) e12 (3) e4 [CET (Karnataka) - 2004] 40 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 45----------------------Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives ! is equal to: (2) e 12 (4) e3 (4) (2) is equal to not defined [AIEEE - 2002] ( (4)

(1) 1 (3) 1 e of these 18. lim x 0

NARAYANA INSTITUTE n 20. lim n (1) ea [CEE (Delhi) - 2004] (3) e2a (4) 0 21. The differential coefficient of f(sinx) with respect to x where f(x) = l ogx is (1) tanx (2) cot x 1 (3) f(cosx) [CET (Karnataka) - 2004] x 2 d x 22. If x = A cos 4t + B sin4t, then dt2 (1) 16x (3) x [CET (Karnataka) - 2004] x 23. If 1 = a a b x a b x b and 2 x d (1) = 3 2 1 d 3/ 2 (3) ) dx 1 24. 2 dy If y = x loge x then dx 1 (1) (2) 1 at x = e is 2 2 = 3( ) [UPSEAT - 2000] 1 2 (4) = 3( dx = 3( )2 (2) 1 = a x b are given, then (2) 16x (4) x is equal to (4) 1 + sin a n (2) e equals to: OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

e e (3) e of these e [BIT (Mesra) - 2000] 1 3 + 2log x + tan 1 6log x 2 d y , then 2 = dx (2) 1 (4) 1 [CEE (Delhi) - 2004] 41 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 Ph.: (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ----------------------- Page 46----------------------NARAYANA Mathematics : Limits and Derivatives INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES ANSWERS EXERCISES LEVEL - I 1. (2) 4. (3) 6. (1) 9. (2) 11. (1) 14. (1) 16. (1) 19. (1) 21. (1) 24. (4) 2. (1) 5. (2) 7. (2) 10. (3) 12. (2) 15. (1) 17. (1) 20. (1) 22. (1) 25. (2) 3. (1) 8. (2) 13. (4) 18. (4) 23. (3) LEVEL - II 1. (3) 4. (3) 6. (3) 9. (3) 11. (2) 14. (4) 2. (3) 5. (2) 7. (4) 10. (2) 12. (2) 15. (2) 3. (4) 8. (2) 13. (4) ! (4) non

25.

2 1 log(e / x ) If y = tan 2 log(ex ) (1) 2 (3) 0

16. (1) 19. (1) 21. (3) 24. (1)

17. (4) 20. (1) 22. (2) 25. (1)

18. (4) 23. (2) LEVEL - III

1. (2) 4. (2) 6. (1) 9. (3) 11. (2) 14. (1) 16. (2) 19. (3) 21. (3) 24. (1)

2. (1) 5. (3) 7. (1) 10. (3) 12. (2) 15. (1) 17. (3) 20. (3) 22. (3) 25. (2)

3. (3) 8. (1) 13. (2) 18. (2) 23. (1)

QUESTIONS ASKED IN AIEEE & OTHER ENGINEERING EXAMS 1. (2) 4. (2) 6. (3) 9. (1) 11. (1) 14. (1) 16. (4) 19. (2) 21. (2) 24. (2) 42 FNS House, 63, Kalu Sarai Market, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 : (011) 32001131/32 Fax : (011) 41828320 ! Ph. 2. (4) 5. (3) 7. (1) 10. (4) 12. (3) 15. (2) 17. (3) 20. (1) 22. (1) 25. (3) 3. (1) 8. (3) 13. (3) 18. (4) 23. (2)