CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

ELO D EXECUTE MOTOR MOVEMENT

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COLUMN FORMATION
Two-lane roads 75m to 100m interval Average speed 50 mph

Direction of Traffic

Task Vehicle

Control Vehicle

Gun Truck

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

INVERTED T FORMATION
Four-lane roads Convoy runs center line 75m to 100m interval Average speed 50 mph
Direction of Traffic

Task Vehicle

Control Vehicle

Gun Truck

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

DIAMOND FORMATION
Six-lane roads and larger Convoy runs center lane 75m to 100m interval Speed may be decreased
Direction of Traffic

Task Vehicle

Control Vehicle

Gun Truck 36

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ORGANIZE THE CONVOY

Place a gun truck as the lead vehicle Place experienced, senior driver in the first task vehicle Place the convoy CDRs vehicle to best facilitate control Place a gun truck behind commanders vehicle Place convoy NCOIC in rearward vehicle w/ CLS Place wrecker/maintenance team near the rear Place a gun truck as the last vehicle
Wrecker/ Maintenance Team Task Vehicles Convoy Commander Task Vehicles Gun Truck

Gun Truck

NCOIC/ CLS

Gun Truck

Direction of Travel 37

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MAINTAIN SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

Scan the road ahead and to each side
1 11

9 4 DRIVER ASST DRIVER/ VEHICLE CDR

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS: WHAT YOU SHOULD WATCH FOR

Suspicious movement on overpasses Abandoned or broken down vehicles Foreign objects Sudden activity as convoy approaches

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS (Continued)

Local nationals dispersing or disappearing Suspicious movement in upper floor windows Animal-drawn carts or wagons Fresh concrete work Signs of tampering, exposed wires, or objects attached to the backsides of guardrails

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SITUATIONAL AWARENESS (Continued)

Keep close watch on the trail element Ensure weapons movement is obvious and deliberate Train crew-served weapons in direction of perceived threats Require all personnel to wear helmets, body armor, and eye protection at all times

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

MAINTAIN CONVOY DISCIPLINE (DAYLIGHT)

Ensure vehicle interval is established and maintained Adjust/reduce vehicle interval in built-up areas Do not engage service drive lights Ensure all vehicles run at established convoy speed Ensure serial/march unit gaps are as specified in SOP/OPORD Ensure checkpoint reports are received and relayed to higher headquarters Relay significant operational changes to higher HQ
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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

MAINTAIN CONVOY DISCIPLINE (NIGHT)

Establish and maintain vehicle interval Adjust/reduce interval in built-up areas Reduce interval to accommodate use of blackout drive (service drive lights may be appropriate) Adjust convoy speed according to visibility/road conditions Implement use of Driver Vision Enhancers (DVE) Employ night vision devices Ensure serial/march gaps are as specified in SOP/OPORD
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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

MAINTAIN COMMUNICATIONS
FM radio network Movement Tracking System (MTS) Force XXI Battle Command Brigade-and-Below (FBCB2) Pyrotechnics Hand and arm signals Audio signals Field expedients

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

CONDUCT ACTIONS AT THE HALT

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ACTIONS AT THE HALT

Stop column at prescribed time and location (scheduled halts) Report halt to higher headquarters Exercise caution when moving vehicles off the road Drivers remain in vehicles with engines running for short halts Assistant drivers dismount and check the immediate area for IEDs, mines, etc.

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

ACTIONS AT THE HALT (Continued)

Asst drivers initiate perimeter security Crew-served weapons stay mounted, stagger orientation Trail elements maintain rear security Keep civilians away from vehicles Position gun trucks to cover likely avenues of approach/ dead space Position vehicles to blend with surroundings if possible Perform PMCS

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

ACTIONS AT THE HALT (Continued)

Notify maintenance officer of needed repairs Inspect vehicle loads at every stop Perform PMCS/function checks on weapons Refuel and rearm Recover security on order to move Conduct headcount prior to departure Conduct departure at specified time in movement order Report resumption of march to higher headquarters

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IMPLEMENT ACTIVE/PASSIVE DEFENSE MEASURES Maximize concealment

Cover shiny surfaces If the mission dictates, cover vehicle bumper markings Exercise noise and light discipline

49

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

SUPPORT THE DECEPTION STORY

Camouflage or disguise high-priority cargo to resemble something else Cover or otherwise obscure labels and markings on any containers or visible cargo to prevent ready detection* * Do not alter cargo labels or markings without command approval
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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

REACT TO MAN-MADE ROAD OBSTACLES

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

MAN-MADE OBSTACLES
Identify obstacle as far away as possible Halt only if there is no alternative Scan for potential IEDs and enemy activity Do not halt inside the projected kill zone Send SITREP and SALUTE report to higher headquarters

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MAN-MADE OBSTACLES (Continued)

Identify alternate route, if available If halt is necessary, keep vehicles running Engage enemy with suppressive fire if encountered Breach the obstacle if possible

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

REACT TO HUMAN OBSTACLES

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

REACT TO HUMAN OBSTACLES

Identify as far away as possible Bypass if possible Assume hostile intent on the part of the crowd Adopt aggressive posture Position gun truck in overwatch position Push vehicles slowly through crowd while sounding horns Fire warning shots over the heads of anyone refusing to move Send SITREP to higher headquarters Continue the mission
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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

REACT TO HUMAN OBSTACLES (CONTINUED)

Remember, when confronted by a crowd: Do not stop Always assume hostile intent Do not appease, feed, or give them anything You must force your way through

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REACT TO HEAVY TRAFFIC

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

REACT TO HEAVY TRAFFIC

Gun trucks stop traffic at intersections All personnel remain mounted Keep vehicles running Maintain constant internal communication If unable to clear the area, maintain alert posture If halted in a vulnerable position, deploy gun trucks onto the opposing traffic lane to clear traffic Provide higher headquarters with detailed SITREP

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

ELO E DEFEND AGAINST ATTACK

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

WEAPON ENGAGEMENT SKILLS

Ball-to-tracer ratio
M16: 2:1 Machine guns: 4:1 Last rounds should all be tracers

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

SECTORS OF FIRE AND SCAN

FIRE
Driver: 9-11 oclock Asst. Driver: 1-3 oclock

SCAN
Driver: 9-1 oclock Asst. Driver: 11-4 oclock

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

WEAPON ENGAGEMENT METHODS

Lead-burst method Drivers fire rifles, semi-automatic only Aiming points: Gunner moving, target stationary: aim low and short of target Gunner stationary, target moving: aim low and lead target Gunner and target moving: aim on line and low
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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

CREW AND BATTLE DRILLS EXIT/ENTER VEHICLE UNDER FIRE

FRIENDLY FIRE

ENEMY FIRE

FRIENDLY FIRE
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