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091 Introduction to Solid-State Chemistry - Fall 2012 Problem Set 1 Problem set quiz scheduled for September 11th, 2011 1. Determine the amount of oxygen (in gram) required to convert 50 g of C2H6 completely into CO2 and H2O. (Use your Periodic Table.)

2. A sample of the chemical compound iron (III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, weighs 16 g. How many oxygen atoms are in this sample?

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3. How many atoms are in 15.3 cm3 of mercury (at room temperature)?

4. Calculate the atomic weight of an element (X) given the following data: 24 X: 24.000 amu at 0.7870 fractional abundance 26 X: 26.000 amu at 0.1017 fractional abundance 25 X: 25.000 amu at 0.1113 fractional abundance

5. Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is a white crystalline solid used for gun powder and as fertilizer. Determine the number of moles of NH4NO3 in 35.8 g ammonium nitrate.

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6. Calculate the molecular weight (in amu) of the following compounds: (a) PbSiF6 4H2O (b) CaCrO4 (c) NH3 (d) CH3CH2OH

7. Determine the number of gold (Au) atoms in 13g gold in 300K.

8. Determine the number of atoms per cm3 of silicon.

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9. Solid NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate (decomposes on heating to 400C, forming N2O gas and water vapor, H2O. (a) Formulate a balanced equation for this reaction. (b) Calculate the number of grams of H2O that will form on decomposition of 0.1 mole of ammonium nitrate.

10. Calculate the number of moles of nitrogen dioxide, NO2, that could be prepared from 0.35 mol of nitrogen oxide and 0.25 mol of oxygen. ( ) ( ) ( ) Identify the limiting reagent and the excess reagent in the reaction. What would happen to the potential yield of NO2 if the amount of NO were increased? What if the amount of O2 were increased?

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11. Calculate the mass of hydrogen chloride that can be produced from 10.0 grams of hydrogen and 10.0 grams of chlorine. ( ) ( ) ( )

What would have to be done to increase the amount of hydrogen chloride produced in the reaction?

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12. The thermite reaction, used to weld rails together in the building of railroads, is described by the following equation. ( ) ( ) ( ) ()

Calculate the mass of iron metal that can be prepared from 150 grams of aluminum and 250 grams of iron(III) oxide.

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13. Tantalum metal is produced by the reaction of potassium heptafluorotantalate (K2TaF7) with elemental sodium (Na) in a reactor heated to 850C. The by-products are potassium fluoride (KF) and sodium fluoride (NaF). a. Write a balanced equation for the reaction. b. A reactor is charged with 222 kg of K2TaF7 and 6.66 kg of Na, and the reaction is allowed to go to completion. Calculate how much tantalum is produced. Express your answer in kg.

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14. Chlorine has two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. For the anion, Cl- of isotope 37Cl specify the following: a. Number of protons, np = b. Number of electrons, ne = c. Number of neutrons, nn =

15. Metallothermic production of zirconium involves the reaction of sodium with zirconium tetrachloride according to the following reaction ZrCl4 + aNa bNaCl + cZr a. Balance the equation and specify the values of a, b, and c.

b. Calculate the amount of zirconium produced if a reactor were charged with 111 kg of ZrCl4 and 11 kg of Na.

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16. The thermite reaction (see problem 12) releases 850 kJ/mole of iron(III) oxide. Calculate the amount of heat released from 80 grams of a stoichiometry mixture of iron(III) oxide and aluminum.

17. Calculate the enthalpy of atomization per unit volume for Li, Na, K, and Rb. Express your answer in units of pressure. Use the information in the periodic table.

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18. Make a plot of first ionization energy versus element for the two rows of the periodic table that begin with Li and Na.

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