Remote Sensing Wireless Station Fyp 1 Proposal

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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
There is a need sometimes to obtain readings at hard to reach places on the ground or in
the air. The purpose of this project is to create a device to measure various environmental
parameters at just these kinds of places. The device will take reading of more than 1
environmental parameter and transmit it to the base station on the ground either
sequentially or periodically.
Basim Ghulam Nabi, TE04-0153. Haseeb Mubarik, TE04-0280. Maria Waqar, CE05-0236. Mujab Ramzan, Te04-0231.
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CHAPTER 2
Client Requirements
The device will be a small scale model of a remote-sensing mobile weather monitor. This
device will be installed on a helicopter to fulfill the mobility requirement. The whole
equipment will be compact and lightweight and it will cut setup costs and time. The client
will fly the helicopter to whatever location it wants the reading for, and all the readings
will be available to it on the pc monitor. The client will be totally oblivious to the inner
workings of the device.
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CHAPTER 3
Background of the Project
We aim to design a sensing and transmission system which will gather data and transmit
it to the user wirelessly. It involves concepts of digital communications, microcontroller
interfacing, antenna interfacing, serial port interface, and wireless transmission.
CHAPTER 4
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Technical Description of Project
The outline technical description of the project is as follows; from the sensing to the
receiving end:
The sensors available in the market are almost always analog, so we will need to make
use of an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), to convert the signal into digital for
transmission. Then, since we are measuring more than one parameter, we will have to
find a way to send them (almost) at the same time; this can be done by either making a
packet containing all the info we need on the transmitting end, and send this as a whole,
or multiplexing the different signals, and de-multiplexing at the receiving end (we are
still researching which of these two is better and also looking for other viable
alternatives). Then, we will encode the signal and send it.
On the receiving end, we will decode the signal; convert it back to analog using a Digital
to Analog Converter (DAC), transfer this data to the pc serially, and show it on the pc
monitor.
The exact specifications of the components we are going to use cannot be mentioned as
yet as we are still traversing through several alternatives simultaneously.
CHAPTER 5
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High-level Architectural Block Diagram
RF Receiver
Helicopter (RC) / Balloon
RF Transmitter
Decod
Encod er
er
Sensors PC Display
Temperature, Humidity,
Pressure
CHAPTER 6
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Test Requirements
We intend to receive all the information, transfer it to the pc serially, and represent it in a
possibly diagrammatical fashion. Before that, we will analyze our signal using CRO and
digital multimeters (to confirm the fidelity of our signal).
CHAPTER 7
Dependencies
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Our dependencies are MATLAB for signal processing and simulation and Keil (or any
other microcontroller compiler) for the working of the microcontroller used. Other than
these, we would probably have to use some software to transfer the data into the pc
serially to be displayed.
CHAPTER 8
Comparison with Similar Projects
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Going through the previously completed projects’ books placed in NU Library, we are yet
to find projects dealing with sensors (or analogue devices) and their interfacing. Most of
them are related to interfacing digital components only. Though there are quite a number
of projects which use frequency modulation principles. In most of the projects the data
transfer has been done through GSM (SMS based). One such project is Car Tracking
System and there is another project Remote Monitoring. Our project will have both
process, analog to digital conversion and then transmitting it over the wireless channel
which is RF.
CHAPTER 9
Deliverables
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By the end of FYP-I, we intend to perfect the Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog
conversions, not only in simulation, but in hardware as well.
By the end of FYP-II, we intend to complete the encoding and decoding phases, and have
successful wireless transmission. Simply we intend to, by the grace of God, finish our
project.
CHAPTER 10
Estimated Cost
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We will require, other than a PC, RF Modules, Transmitters, Receiver, Temperature

Sensor, Humidity Sensor, ADC and DAC, Multiplexers, Antennae and obviously a
helicopter. Estimated cost will be about Rs 10K for the components and around the same
for the helicopter.
CHAPTER 11
Risk Factors and Contingency Plans
We have already kept in mind the relative unavailability of some complex components,
so we have tried to find components which are available locally. Possibly the biggest risk
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factor would be the availability of a suitable helicopter for the project. We have not
decided on the exact specifications of the helicopter as yet, but if, for some reason, we
see that it is not feasible for our project, we shall use a helium balloon for the same
purpose.
References
[1] B.P Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, (3rd Edition)
[2] I. Scott MacKenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller (3rd Edition)
[3] B.P Lathi, Linear Signals and Systems (2ND edition)
[4] Muhammad A. Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems (2nd
Edition)
[5] Nicholas Gray. (Augutst 13, 2004). ABCs of ADCs, Analog-to-Digital
Converter Basics.
[6] Daniel H Sheingold. Transducer Interfacing Handbook, A Guide to Analoge
Signal Conditioning.
[7] Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications (2nd Edition)
[8] William Stallings, Wireless and Mobile Communications (2nd Edition)
[9] Stephen E. Derenzo, INTERFACING – A Laboratory Approach Using the
Microcontroller for Instrumentation, Data Analysis and Control(1st Edition).
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[10]Jack G. Ganssle, The Art of Designing Embedded Systems.

[11]AUTHOR RF Circuit Design (EDITION)
[12]Mark Dapper, Jeffery S. Wells, Tony Schwallie and Leak huon.
RF Propagation in Short Range Sensor Communication
[Link] http://www.nova-eng.com/downloads/wp_rfprop.pdf
[13]RF Propagation Basics
[Link] [http://www.sputnik.com/docs/rf_propagation_basics.pdf]
Glossary
[1] Transmission: transfer of information/signal from one place to another.

[2] ADC: An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an
electronic integrated circuit, which converts continuous signals to discrete digital
numbers.
[3]DAC: A digital-to-analog converter (abbreviated DAC, D/A or D to A) is an
electronic integrated circuit, which converts discrete digital numbers to continuous
signals.
[4]Environmental: relating to Environment.
[5] Remote: separated by an interval or space greater than usual.
[6] Sequentially: relating to or based on a method of testing a statistical hypothesis that
involves examination of a sequence of samples for each of which the decision is made to
accept or reject the hypothesis or to continue sampling.
[7] Periodically: at regular interval of time.
[8] Interfacing: to connect with an interface (a machine with a computer).
[9] Antenna: a metallic device for radiating or receiving radio waves.
[10] Multiplexing:
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[11] Encoding: to convert from one system of communication to another.

[12] Decoding: to convert a message into intelligible form.
[13] Microcontroller: a programmable IC with on chip RAM on it.
[14] Client: a person/machine that uses the services of another person/machine.
[15] Design: to conceive or execute a plan.
ADC, 8, 13, 14 Ground, 5
Antenna, 7 Helicopter, 6, 14
Analog, 8, 13 Interfacing, 7
Base, 5 Matlab, 11
Compact, 6 Measure, 5
Cost, 6 Microcontroller, 7, 10, 13
CRO, 10 Mobile, 6
Communication, 7 Monitor, 6, 8
Client, 6 IndexMultiplexing, 8, 14
Description, 8 Multimeter, 10
14
Station, 5
Serial, 7
Signal, 8
Sequentially, 5
Transmit, 5, 7, 8
Transmission, 7, 8, 13
Wireless, 7, 13
Weather, 6
Digital, 7 Purpose, 5
Design, 7 Project, 5, 8, 13
Decoding, 13 Parameters, 5
Device, 5, 6 Port, 7
DAC, 8, 13, 14 Periodically, 5
Environmental, 5 Reading, 5
Encoding, 13 Remote sensing, 6
FYP-1, 13 Requirement, 6
FYP-2, 13 Risk, 15

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Background of the Project

Technical Description of Project

High-level Architectural Block Diagram

Comparison with Similar Projects

We will require, other than a PC, RF Modules, Transmitters, Receiver, Temperature

Risk Factors and Contingency Plans

[10]Jack G. Ganssle, The Art of Designing Embedded Systems.

[1] Transmission: transfer of information/signal from one place to another.

[11] Encoding: to convert from one system of communication to another.

ADC, 8, 13, 14 Ground, 5

Cost, 6 Microcontroller, 7, 10, 13

DAC, 8, 13, 14 Periodically, 5

Encoding, 13 Remote sensing, 6

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