Redunctcy is for system fail TTL is at layer 3, so switches don't know if something is causing a loop To get rid of loop

is spanning tree protocol ! Multiple wires go over, the switch enables pruning to x this ! STP is written before VLAN Ethernet frames do not have a TTL Sqitches ood all ARPs' IPV6 Does not ARP Etherchannel makes the interfaces act as 1 interface for higher data rates Spanning tree blocks redundant paths intentionally to create backup STP is an application that works directly in layer 2 ALL TRAFIC MUST TRAVEL THROUGH THE ROOT BRIDGE Designated ports ALWAYS point away from the root bnon designated means blocking (backup route) VPDU countains a BID for the bridge value The BID has a priority value ! gets combined with the MAC ADDRESS ! The lowest number is the ROOT BRDIGE ! Has two elds ! ! Its Bridge ID ! ! The ROOT ID ! ! ! The same Bridge ID and the ROOT ID are the same when the switch rst boots ! ! The root bridge: ! Possible to set the ID ! Default value is 32769 ! IS THE SAME AS OSPF STP is an application ! Does not require an IP address ! Does not require a layer 3 header (not routable) Bridge ID and Root ID if the same, switch thinks it is the root rbdige Message is a TTL 01:80:C2 is the multicast MAC Address All Trafc on the VLAN MUST GO THROUGH THE ROOTBRIDGE VLAN ID replaces the Extended System ID

Spanning can only happen 7 times Switchport fa0/2 has a port priority value of 128.2 by default STP determines the logic loop free path through layer 2 broadcast domain Hello timer is time between BPDU's Forward delay is time between listening and learning Maximum age age is the amount of time the switch has to learn and save the switchport cong Span of 7 or less you do not need to change the timer IPV6 integrates the MAC Address with the IP address Portfast means it switches immediately STP ID ONE switch as the root, and pair down interfaces so that there is only one path and not a loop To stop the loop, STP creates Alternate blocking (still needs to listen to a BPDU STP is at layer 7, but uses layer 2 Bridge ID Default is 32769, The ALT Block prevents the loop Spanning-tree vlan 1 priority ! ! ! root secondary ! ! ! # in groupings of 4096 eclaring a vlan is using PVST ! Lowest MAC wins Alternate blocking is decided by 128+Port, lowest becomes root [for even] Alternate blocking is deiced by MAC ADDRESS, PVST ! If two switches are connected in two different cables, the lower MAC has the designated ! ! The other cables are blocking ! The bits in 16 ! ! 4 bits are Spanning, 12 bits are the VLAN ! Transitions on page 329 stp has 5 states When a wire is disconnected, there is a discard proposal for electing the new root The new route is decided on the lowest cost