Chapter 123

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
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The proposed project is a computerized reservation and ticketing system. Specifically, the project pertains only in the business operation of booking a passenger and reserving a seat in a flight and provides a payment process that will generate ticket in the ticketing system. The related sub-system Hotel, Tour, and Car Reservation has a direct connection in the ticketing system of the project since that the system only reserves a passenger who wants to include a hotel, tour, or car reservation in relation to their flight reservation. The developers provide a short report of their data gathered in the next paragraphs. This is an important part of this section that will give the reader an idea of what is the project theme all about. Airline reservation systems were first introduced in the late 1950s as relatively simple standalone systems to control flight inventory, maintain flight schedules, seat assignments and aircraft loading. The history of airline reservations systems began in the late 1950s when American Airlines required a system that would allow real-time access to flight details in all of its offices, and the integration and automation of its booking and ticketing processes. As a result the Semi-Automated Business Research Environment (SABRE) was developed and launched in 1964 and the real breakthrough was its ability to keep inventory correct in real time, accessible to agents around the world. Prior to this, manual systems required centralized reservation centers, groups of people in a room with the physical cards that represented inventory, in this case, seats on airplanes. The deregulation of the airline industry, in the Airline Deregulation Act, meant that airlines, which had previously operated under government-set fares ensuring airlines at least broke even, now needed to improve efficiency to compete in a free market. In this deregulated environment the Airline Reservation System and its descendants became vital to the travel industry. The modern airline reservation system is comprehensive suite of products to provide a system that assists with a variety of airline management tasks and service customer needs from the time of initial reservation through completion of the flight. The Airline Reservations System (ARS) was one of the earliest changes to improve efficiency. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
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ARS eventually evolved into the computer reservations system (CRS). A computer reservation system is used for the reservations of a particular airline and interfaces with a global distribution system (GDS) which supports travel agencies and other distribution channels in making reservations for most major airlines in a single system. A computer reservations system or central reservation system (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel, hotels, car rental, or activities. Originally designed and operated by airlines, CRSs were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major CRS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as global distribution systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSs typically allow users to book hotel rooms, rental cars, airline tickets as well as activities and tours. They also provide access to railway reservations and bus reservations in some markets, although these are not always integrated with the main system. Airline reservations systems contain airline schedules, fare tariffs, passenger reservations and ticket records. An airline's direct distribution works within their own reservation system, as well as pushing out information to the GDS. The second types of direct distribution channel are consumers who use the internet or mobile applications to make their own reservations. Travel agencies and other indirect distribution channels access the same GDS as those accessed by the airlines' reservation systems, and all messaging is transmitted by a standardized messaging system that functions on two types of messaging that transmit on SITA's HLN [high level network]. These message types are called Type A [usually EDIFACT format] for real time interactive communication and Type B [TTY] for informational and booking type of messages. Message construction standards set by IATA (International Air Transport Association) and ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), are global, and apply to more than air transportation. Since airline reservation systems are business critical applications, and their functionally quite complex, the operation of an in-house airline reservation system is relatively expensive. Prior to deregulation, airlines owned their own reservation systems with travel agents subscribing to them. Today, the GDS are run by independent companies with airlines and travel agencies as major subscribers. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

1.1 Project Overview
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The proposed project is entitled Flight Reservation and Ticketing system. The project is one of the eleven (11) sub-systems of the main project Airline Management System that must be capable to be integrated into the other subsystems of the main project. The main project reservation system is divided into two categories which are the flight reservation (FR) and the hotel, tour, car reservation (HTCR). The proposed project handles the FR of the reservation system that includes the ticketing system of both the FR and HTCR. Thats why in conclusion the name of the original reservation system is renamed to be as Flight Reservation and Ticketing System (FRAT) and Hotel, Tour, Car Reservation (HTCR). The proposed project focuses on developing a flight reservation system that specifically used only to book different types of passengers in a flight including their baggage. Cargo reservation is temporarily not included in the proposed project since that the developers want to assure that the primary purpose of the project which is making reservation of passenger for air travel to be reach first. Cargo reservation will soon to be develop ones that the flight reservation for passenger finished. The proposed project will follow the IATA and ICAO standards in designing the flight reservation system structure. To be able for the system to operate in the airline industry operation, this standard should have to be implemented in the system. The ticketing system of the proposed system seems to be ticketless. The ticketing structure also follows the standards. An option to print the ticket of the passenger desired flight reservation is still given. But what the good thing on making the flight reservation ticketless is that the passenger and the airline company itself will save time and money. Excess baggage computing and ticketing is also included in ticketing system of the proposed project. The baggage management module of the project not only manages
Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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baggage. It also contains baggage marking and it can also track the passenger baggage. Material Order Inventory is also automatically managed. The material needed by the passengers should have to be supplied and given before the flight proper. Material Order Inventory directly communicates to the flight operation and engineering sub-system.Sales should also automatically collect and compute by the ticketing system. This report generated in this system should have to be forwarded to the finance and accounting sub-system. The Flight Reservation and Ticketing System of the proposed project will provide a computerized system that an airline company could use in their business operation. The proposed project will provide the following modules to manage the whole flight reservation and ticketing system: 1. Operation Module a. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System i. Online Public Flight Reservation and Ticketing System ii. Online Private Flight Reservation and Ticketing System 1. GUI Program 2. Console Program b. Flight Seat Inventory Control c. Message Delivery Module i. E-mail Messaging ii. SMS Messaging d. Baggage Management Module e. Material Order Inventory 2. Administrative Module a. System Authorized Users b. System Maintenance

The Problem Domain 1.2.1 Statement of the Problem
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1. What are the problems encountered by the existing Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System in terms of: A. Accuracy B. Usability C. Efficiency D. Effectiveness E. Speed F. User-friendliness 2. What are the procedures in developing and enhancing a Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System? 3. How your Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System will take an advantage to meet your client expectations and requirements? 4. What are the diagrams involved in developing and enhancing a Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System? 5. Do your Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System meet the following standards of IATA and ICAO? 6. Does your Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System meet the following standards in terms of the following: A. Accuracy B. Usability C. Efficiency D. Effectiveness E. Speed F. User-friendliness 7. Do your Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing able to be used in a real business operation? Does the proposed project is able to be integrated into the other sub-system of the main project Airline Management System?

1.3 Objectives of the Project
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1. Develop a Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System that will be able to solve the issues in the existing system regarding to the following categories: A. Accuracy B. Usability C. Efficiency D. Effectiveness E. Speed F. User-friendliness 2. Identify, analyze, and implement the latest procedures and techniques to enhance a Computerized Airline Reservation and Ticketing System. By implementing the newest techniques and technology in the proposed project. The proposed project is expected to take more advantages than the existing system. 3. The advantages of a CRS is one of the client wants to see. Aside from getting the logic of the business process of a system, this advantage is one of the most important aspects that the developers must have to provide in every project. Implementing new features to the proposed system is one of the developers solutions to take advantage against to the existing. By using latest devices and gadgets on delivering the services and process of the proposed project, is one of the proposed features of the developers in this project. 4. Providing different kind of diagrams in describing how the system will work, process a specific action etc. will give the client an idea on how does the proposed project works. In this project documentation, the developers uses the following diagrams in describing different process and action: A. Use-case Diagram B. Activity Diagram C. Class Diagram D. Data Model E. State chart Diagram
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5. Designing the system based on the IATA and ICAO standards is the key of the proposed project to be able to operate in the airline operation industry. Following this standard will make the system able to be compatible to share information in the GDS that is used by the airline travel agencies. 6. The issues identified in the existing system can be solved by setting the goal of the project based on the following categories that the proposed system must have to solve: A. Accuracy B. Usability C. Efficiency D. Effectiveness E. Speed F. User-friendliness 7. Design the proposed project to be compatible for the system integration is the primary goal of the developers, providing the business process based on the reality is the basis of the project to make the project able to use in the real business operation. The following below are the objectives of the developers that may help the proposed project to take advantage to the existing system: 1. Provide a seat selector tool that will be used by both the passenger and the airline authorized employee to manage booking information. 2. Provide the proposed project the capability to book different kind of passenger. 3. Provide a ticketless flight travel using the proposed project ticketing system feature 4. Build the proposed project with the capability to include special handling procedure to a booking reference of a specific passenger. 5. Build the proposed project with the capability to make rebooking, and rerouting option. Also the capability of the system to make re-issuance of tickets. Refunding and processing of flown ticket will also be included.

6.
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Provide an online booking facility to be used by the client of the company as a method of delivering services to the airline companys clients.
7. Provide a secured online booking facility to be used by the airline authorized employee to manage the reservation and ticketing system. 8. Provide a secured online booking facility to be used by the airline authorized employee to manage the proposed system online facility. 9. Provide an alternative system that will be used and interfaced by the authorized airline employee to manage the system facility and utility. (Both reservation/booking and ticketing system) 10. Provide a messaging services in delivering passenger flight information: email and SMS service 11. Implement the required rules and regulations based on the company provided and IATA and ICAO standards. 12. Include the special cases procedure support in the proposed project. 13. Provide a baggage management module to manage baggage from ticketing of excess baggage, marking of baggage, and tracking of baggage 14. Provide a material order inventory module to manage material supplies needed in a flight.

1.4 Significance and Scope of the Project
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The primary purpose of this study is to provide an airline management a computerized system regarding to the reservation and ticketing operation. This project study intends to deliver the answers to the following questions: A. How does a reservation and ticketing system works? B. What are the processes that a reservation and ticketing system must have? C. Who operates or works on a specific task? D. And other questions that will be traced in this project documentation. This study will not only benefit the airline management but also the entire company including the employees of the airline as it will introduce what are the possible techniques that may be implemented to the existing system.This study will also benefit the student who will study about the airline reservation system. This project provides the information about the system flow and process, system details and features that may help the students to get an idea to their studies. Furthermore, this study will serve as a theoretical model for future studies of the same nature if ever the existing problem has penetrated in this case will exist in the future. Future researchers will benefit from this study, and it will provide them the facts needed to compare their study during their respective time and usability. The following listed below contains the scope of the proposed project. The scope of this study has been set based on the gathered related information of the developers: A. The proposed project can only be used for the domestic to domestic flight operation inside the Philippine area of responsibility only. B. The proposed project can only be used for booking passengers only. Any other type of air transportation service for animals, cargo, corpse, etc., will not be included in the system. The system can only book passengers. C. The project will only used the IATA and ICAO standards for this project for reservation and ticketing system. Any other standards other than the stated earlier will not be used in the project. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

D. Seat request handling operation will also be included in the project.
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E. Payment system for purchasing ticket will only accept payment method from credit card specifically open only for paying via Master Card and Visa Card. Cash as form of payment will also be accepted. F. Online booking will be provided by the online module of the system, offline booking will also be process through phone calls. Offline booking process will use the offline module of the system that will be used by the call center agents/ travel agents for processing booking of passengers through call. G. Special Handling Procedure for person with disability, expectant mother, accompanied minor, deportee, and infants will also be included in the system through the use of OSI or special remarks on the Passenger Name Record. H. Upgrading of seat is only allowed in the system, downgrading will not. I. Rebooking of passenger flight will be done automatically and manually in the proposed system. J. Re-routing will also be process in the proposed project. K. Rebooking of flown ticket will also be accepted in the system. L. Identifying and catering of frequent flyer will be also proposed in the project M. Booking of infants, child, adult, senior citizens, and up to 24 booking classes will be provided by the proposed system N. Group booking will also be provided online and offline. O. Automatic collecting of no-show and rebooking fees will also be done by the system P. The system will be also be capable for the refunding of unused tickets Q. Special cases such as booking of airline employee such as executives (must ride) will also be included in the booking module of the system R. Baggage Management such as excess baggage ticketing, baggage marking, baggage tracking will also be included in the system. S. Material order inventory will also be used in the system to manage material needed by the passengers in a flight.

1.5 Documentation of Existence and Seriousness of the Problem 1.5.1 Documentation of current system
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There is no documentation of current system to be provided. The study uses the observation, research, and survey-interview method on identifying the problems in the current flight reservation and ticketing system. The attachment is provided in this documentation appendix.
1.5.2 Problems identified with the existing system

The basis of identifying the problems in the existing system is based on the methods mentioned above. The problems are organized and will be explained statistically to analyze how serious does the problem is in the following pages. 1. Flight delays: due to system unavailability, system problem, record problem 2. Flight Information Delivery issue: latency, unavailability, and receiving issue 3. Baggage tracking information issue: delays
1.5.3 Process models of existing system contributing to the problem\

There are no process models of existing system. Instead, the developers create process models that may be relevant to the identified problem based on the analyzing and studies:
1.5.4 Data models of this existing systems

There are no data models from the existing system. But, just to support the identified problems listed in this section, the developers create an instance of process models that may be relevant to the existing system. It is based on the data gathering conducted by the developers.
1.5.5 Data that may be relevant to prove existence and seriousness of the problem
Data that may be relevant to prove the existence and seriousness of the problem is based on the method conducted by the developers. The developers support the seriousness and existence of the problem through the use of the product of the conducted studies, research and statistical and analytical survey method.

1.6 Review of existing alternatives 1.6.1 Description of how user client currently cope with the problem 1.6.2 Assess the best available resources for addressing the problem
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1.6.3 Describe how propose to take advantage of existing and current best practices
in your project
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CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses the related studies and literature review done by the developers. This section deals with the differences of using manual reservation and online reservation. It includes also the payment via internet. It covers related articles, views and ideas done by other researchers and developers. As a result, the developers conducted a research on the facts related to the system that might be helpful to its development. The use of advance information technology subjected so far by the use of internet websites. The internet is an important part of most people's lives. They use it to communicate research information and conduct daily tasks. They also depend upon it for scheduling appointments and online reservation system which gives competitive advantage to other with same establishment.
2.1Related Literature
Related Literature contains research from the internet, books, magazine and news paper. Related Literature helped the developers to find some important information that is associated with the project study. 2.1.1 Foreign Literature Pakistan International Airlines Pakistan International Airlines (generally known as PIA; or Pakistan International Airlines), it operates scheduled services to 24 domestic destinations and 38 international destinations in 27 countries across Asia, Europe and North America. The native of Pakistan, the Pakistan International Airlines Corporation is actually popular across the world as PIA Airlines. It plies passengers to 24 local and 38 international locations spanning 27 countries across the continents of North America, Asia and Europe. Skytrax, the official airport reviewer as well as airline reviewer of the world has ranked the PIA as a three star airline. The Pakistan International Airline Fares are reasonable and very competitive.
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Among its most popular and busiest destinations, is Dubai, which is a famous and popular destination for people wishing to work as well as travel to shop and holiday. There are flights from almost every major city in Pakistan to Dubai, Abu Dhabi and other locations in UAE. It is possible to make your bookings on the website of PIA. You can find Pakistan International Airlines Schedules, Pakistan Airlines Flight Schedules as well as make your Pakistan Airlines Booking online itself. You can do it at any time of the day or night, and from anywhere, your home or your work place. All you have to do is log on to the website, and make your Pakistan International Airlines Reservation. The PIA online booking promises its fliers with frequent flyer awards. Passengers can avail free air tickets, cabin upgrades, excess baggage vouchers and many other awards. When you book your tickets with Cleartrip.ae, you get an opportunity to travel with classy airlines. Most of these airlines offer good ticketing options, discounts and freebies to their passengers. When you log on to Cleartrip.ae, we give you an opportunity to assess all these options and help you make best choices. You can make your choice for ticket booking for your holiday tickets, tickets for business trips, sending of important documents, parcels at the Cleartrip.ae. Cleartrip is the best choice for all customers when they want to do Pakistan Airlines booking as we also help you find best deals, discounts and offers on hotel booking and hiring local taxis for your trip.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines http://www.historyofpia.com/history.htmhttp://www.cleartrip.ae/airlines/pakistaninternational-airlines.html
American Airlines American Airlines, Inc. (AA) is a major U.S. airline owned by AMR Corporation, headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It operates an extensive international and domestic network, with scheduled flights throughout North America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, and Asia/Pacific. Dallas/Fort Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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Worth International Airport is the airline's largest hub, with American Airlines and AMR's regional carrier American Eagle accounting for about 85% of the traffic and 83% of the landing fees at the airport and traveling to more destinations than from its other hubs. American airlines has fare changes if, after a ticket has been issued and before any portion has been used, a decrease in the applicable fares or charges becomes effective, or a new fare between the points shown on the ticket is added, the full amount of the difference in fares less any change fees applicable to the original fare rule and date of purchase, will be refunded to the purchaser, upon request, provided there is no change in origin/destination/stopover
points/flights/dates shown on the original ticket and, subsequent to the decrease in fares/charges or the addition of a new fare, all conditions of the lower fares/charges are met, including booking code and any advance reservations/ticketing requirements. American will endeavor to carry you and your baggage with reasonable dispatch, but times shown in timetables or elsewhere are not guaranteed and form no part of this contract. American may, without notice, substitute alternate carriers or aircraft and, if necessary, may alter or omit stopping places shown on the ticket. Schedules are subject to change without notice. American is not responsible for or liable for failure to make connections or to operate any flight according to schedule or for a change to the schedule of any flight. Under no circumstances shall American be liable for any special, incidental or consequential damages arising from the foregoing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines http://www.aa.com/i18n/customerService/customerCommitment/conditionsOfCarriage.jsp #FareChange
Alliance Airline
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An airline alliance is an agreement between two or more airlines to cooperate on a substantial level. Alliances provide a network of connectivity and convenience for international passengers and international packages. Alliances also provide convenient marketing branding to facilitate travelers making inter-airline code share connections within countries. This branding goes as far as to even include unified aircraft liveries among member airlines. Alliance airline for travel times a ticket is valid for Carriage for one year from date of issue, except as otherwise provided or referred to in the Ticket or these Terms and Conditions. Alliance airline may refuse transportation if the applicable fare has not been paid. Alliance airline Schedules, Cancellation of Flights, undertake to use the best efforts to carry passenger baggage with responsible dispatch and to adhere to published schedules in effect on the date of travel. If due to circumstances beyond control alliance cancel or delay a flight, are unable to provide previously confirmed space, fail to stop at passenger stopover or destination point, or cause passenger to miss a connecting flight on which hold a reservation, alliance shall, at option: (a) carry passenger on another scheduled services on which space is available; or (b) reroute passenger to the destination indicated on the Ticket or applicable portion thereof by Alliance own scheduled services or the scheduled services of another carrier, or by means of surface transportation. If the sum of the fare, excess baggage charge and any application service charge for the revised routing is higher than the refund value of the Ticket or applicable portion thereof, alliance shall charge passenger no additional fares or charges, and shall refund the difference if the fare and charges for the revised routing are lower; or
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(c) make a refund in accordance with the provisions of Article 13, and, upon provision of the above, alliance shall be under no further liability to the passenger. Times shown in timetables or elsewhere are not guaranteed and form no part of this contract. Alliance may without notice substitute alternative carriers or aircraft, and may omit stopping places shown on the Ticket in case of necessity. Schedules are subject to change without notice. Except as expressly set out in these Terms and Conditions, alliance assume no responsibility for any delay or cancellation including making connections. Alliance airline advise passengers to check the website or contact Us directly prior to a flight in relation to any changes to schedules. Except as expressly set out in these Terms and Conditions, Alliance airline have no responsibility for consequential or indirect costs or losses resulting from diversion, substitution, alteration, cancellation or delay of transport or services, or from delay of baggage. If passengers are landed at a place other than your specified destination, alliance airline will make all reasonable efforts to transport passenger to that destination, but with no obligations as to time, date or means of transport.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline_alliance http://www.allianceairlines.com.au/about-us with-us/terms-and-conditions http://www.allianceairlines.com.au/travel-
2.1.2 Local Literature Cebu Pacific Airline The airline was established on August 26, 1988, and started operations on March 8, 1996. Republic Act No. 7151, which grants franchise to Cebu Air, Inc. was approved on August 30, 1991. Cebu Air, Inc. was subsequently acquired by JG Summit Holdings (owned by John Gokongwei). Domestic services commenced following market deregulation by the Philippine government. It temporarily ceased operations in February 1998 after being grounded by the government due to an Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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accident, but resumed services later the next month following re-certification of its aircraft. It initially started with 24 domestic flights daily among Metro Manila, Metro Cebu and Metro Davao. By the end of 2001, its operations had grown to about 80 daily flights to 18 domestic destinations. The new aircraft a support CEBs expanding international and domestic operations which include flights to 12, soon to be 15, international destinations. On May 28, 2008, Cebu Pacific was named as the world's number one airline in terms of growth. Cebu pacific group bookings may be made through the airlines Group Sales team and will be subject to specific rules on deposits, payment, rebooking and restrictions. The passenger may contact Group Sales for more information. Cebu Pacific Air structures its tariffs and fares based on different fare buckets, including Lite Fares and other promotional fares. The fares that will be offered to a passenger will depend on which fare bucket is open on the date and at the time that the passenger makes his reservation. Minimum fares chargeable for each flight sector are published on Cebu Pacific Airs website, in newspapers of general circulation and other available media. Passengers may also visit or call Cebu Pacific Air and ticket agent offices for more information. Fares are considered flown and will be forfeited when a passenger is a noshow at the check-in counter or, following successful check-in, at the boarding gate. Promo fares and Lite Fares with promo code discounts and the applicable fees, taxes and surcharges are non-reroutable, non-refundable and may not be stored in a Travel Fund but may be rebookable (except to another promo seat after the sale period). Where allowed, rebooking must be done more than 4 hours before scheduled time of departure. Rebooking is applicable only to higher class than the cancelled flights class subject to applicable fees and fare differences. If rebooked with a fare upgrade, and the passenger cancels and applies for a Travel Fund, only the value of the additional collection in the rebooked itinerary will be stored in that Travel Fund. Combination of Regular Fare and Promo Fare in one PNR is allowed.
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Flight Changes may be done to any of the sectors but regular fare shall apply to all the sectors in the passenger booking record and the passenger shall pay where applicable, the change fee on the rebooked sector and price difference between the promo fare and the regular fare to a higher class on all the sectors or, the cancel fee on the cancelled sector and the price difference between the promo fare and the regular fare to a higher class on the non-cancelled sector. Go through fare must be used in sequence, as booked. Cancellations and flight changes such as rerouting or rebooking will not be permitted once any of the segments is used. Partially used through sector is non-refundable. Seat Selector of Cebu pacific, all seats in the aircraft are assigned and may be reserved during booking by paying a minimal fee. Check the product page of Seat Selector to learn about the fees. In order to get a premium seat, passengers must meet certain criteria including but not limited to: Passenger must be at least 15 years old; Passenger must be able to understand and carry out instructions which will be given in English onboard the flight; Passenger must be able to speak English; Passenger must not be travelling with someone who requires his/ her assistance in an emergency; Passenger must be fit and able-bodied; Passenger must not have any permanent or temporary impairment (ex: deaf, hearing impaired, blind, vision impaired, any strength or mobility limitation, intellectual impairment or travelling with a service dog); Passenger must be able to check outside conditions and react to crew commands; Passenger must be able to reach, open, lift and throw out the exit door in an emergency; Passenger must acknowledge the exit row briefing given by Cabin Crew once onboard the aircraft; Passenger must be willing to help or assist the cabin crew in the unlikely event of an evacuation or emergency situation; Passenger must not be seated with an infant; Passenger must not require the use of an extension seat belt; Passenger must not be elderly. Seat selector may be rebooked, but are non-refundable unless fare refund is available to the passenger under the General Conditions. Passengers
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who avail themselves of the Seat Selector may check-in for their flight through the web as provided hereunder.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_Pacific http://www.cebupacificair.com/pages/travelregulations.aspx
Air Philippine Express Air Philippines Corporation, now operating as PAL Express (formerly Airphil Express, Air Philippines), is a low-cost airline based in Pasay City, in the Philippines. It operates both domestic and international scheduled services from Manila, Cebu, Davao and Zamboanga. The airline was re-branded for a number of times, first as Air Philippines, then as PAL Express. Due to financial losses, Air Philippines ceased operations for a short while until it was acquired by investors from the Lucio Tan group. After the acquisition, the airline was re-launched as PAL Express, to operate some routes and slot assignments of its sister company Philippine Airlines until the management decided to re-brand the carrier as a budget airline now known as Airphil Express. The new Airphil Express is Philippine Airlines' answer to Cebu Pacific Air's dominance on the low cost travel market in the Philippines which significantly shrunk its market share and relegated it to the no. 2 spot from its dominant no. 1 position since inception. It allowed PAL to focus on the premium market where it does not have competition in the domestic Philippine market. Airphil Express gained significant increase in passengers following its launch as a low-cost carrier competing head on with Cebu Pacific Air. The airline is currently on fleet acquisition mode to support its planned domestic and international route expansion plan. Airphil Express currently holds the no. 3 position among Philippine-based airlines with 19% market share. Air Philippines was incorporated on 13 February 1995, with the base of operations being the former Naval Air Station Cubi Point. Flight operations started on 1 February 1996 with a Boeing 737-200 between Subic Bay, Iloilo and Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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Zamboanga. In 1996 six NAMC YS-11 and four Boeing 737-200 aircraft were acquired by the company. In 1997 an additional one Boeing 737-200 was acquired. In this same year the airline carried over 675,000 passengers and over 773,000 in 1998. In September 1998 the airline was temporarily grounded by the Philippine Air. Transportation Office, but was reactivated when U-Land agreed to purchase a stake.
http://www1.philippineairlines.com/about-pal/frequently-asked-questions/online-booking/
Zest Airways Zest Airways, Inc. operating as Zest Airways (formerly Asian
Spirit, colloquially called Zest Air), is an airline based at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay City, Metro Manila in the Philippines. It operates scheduled domestic and international tourist services, mainly feeder services linking Manila and Cebu with 24 domestic destinations in support of the trunk route operations of other airlines. The airline was originally founded as Asian Spirit, the first airline in the Philippines to be run as a cooperative. On 16 August 2013, the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), the regulating body of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines for civil aviation, suspended Zest Air flights until further notice due to safety issues. Less than a year after AirAsia and Zest Air's strategic alliance, the two companies have rebranded as AirAsia Zest. It started operations in April 1996 with two second hand Dash 7 aircraft servicing only one scheduled commercial route with two flights per day from Manila to Malay, serving the fledging resort island of Boracay. To maximize its aircraft utilization, it introduced new routes to the present-day towns of San Jose, Virac, Daet and Alcantara, and the cities of Cauayan andMasbate, regarded as secondary and tertiary routes by Air Transportation Office, and are not serviced by major airlines. In 1997, the cooperative changed to a corporate set-up with the establishment of Asian Spirit, Inc., whose registration was approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2005. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zest_Airways
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2.2 Related Studies

The related studies relates the summary method, findings and conclusion of studies like dissertation, unpublished project study and other studies viewed. The study with the current issues and problems compromise of collected research study. 2.2.1 Foreign Studies Pakistan International Airlines Pakistan is very well known around the world for its IT Professional and talent found here. Pakistani Professionals has done a lot in IT Industry and counted among the best available IT Resources. It is not an easy task to make a complete Airline Management Software it required very in-depth knowledge about the Industry as well as excellent analytical skills and most importantly courage and willingness to do such a huge project. More than that we need a support a chance because making software is not a big deal getting it accepted by an Airline and people who support you and encourage you and give you the chance to show the talent you have is more important. PIA has successfully developed an ERP
(Enterprise Resource Planning) standard Airline Management System which is capable of fully automating any full service carrier. It is totally developed by Pakistani IT Professionals; PIA has done the Analysis, Design, Application Architecture, Database Architecture, Security Matrix, and Web Server Administration Support. PIA have used the latest development technology currently being used, PHP (MVC Pattern), MS SQL Server 2008, JQuery, CSS, HTML. PIA has successfully design and implemented the AI (Artificial Technology) & BI (Business Technology) Technology, which helps the user to avoid making mistakes as much as possible, have coded the Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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Industry Standards in such a way that Air Ikon has the capability to make suggestions to its users and can stop from making mistakes. For example if a user is making a flight schedule which has a distance of 3000 Nautical Mile, and is assigning an aircraft which has the flying range of 2500 Nautical Mile, the application wont simply allow the user to assign that aircraft even by mistake. This is just a small example Air Ikon is much more capable to help its users in day to day operation and makes life easy and to be more productive and accurate. Main Features of Air Ikon are: Company Management, Regional Management, Fleet Management, Ticketing & Reservation Management, Customer Loyalty Management, Agent Management, Flight Management, Fares Management, Departure Control System, Cargo Management, Purchase
Management, Warehouse / Inventory Management, Aviation / Engineering Management, HR Payroll & Attendance, Finance & Accounts Management, Catering Management, User Role & Security, Dashboard & Reports. The most of the Airline Management Systems are focused on Ticket Reservation System, and avoids the major departments and sections of an airline. PIA at Air Ikon has tried to cover all the departmental needs with smooth integration to ensure that every department can communicate better and the access to information would be much easier then it was
American Airlines American Airlines is not a flag carrier, as that term is generally used in commercial aviation. Its subsidiary shares its name with American eagle, and operates much of the regional carrier's flights. The developers look the best and worst features of American airlines. System wide upgrades are good on any fare, Delta makes you buy nearly a full (M) fare ticket before you can be eligible for upgrade. United places fare restrictions. You pay more to play the upgrade lottery and if you dont clear the upgrade youve spent more than necessary for a seat in Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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back. An American Airlines system wide upgrade, top tier elites get 8 per year, is valid from any pad fare. Competent agents on the telephone, US Airways agents dont know geography. United agents are totally hit-or-miss, some are outstanding and others are at war with their customers. Americans phone agents are consistently friendly and try to help. Discounts, Passenger love applying discount promotion codes to reservations, its usually possible to get 5% off when booking at AA.com. And passengers love double dipping with their small business program, Business ExtrAA, some of the lowest level awards you can cash in points for are giving away Gold status to someone else and getting a years Admirals Club membership. Same-day confirmed flight changes incur a fee even for top tier elites. The competitors waive this fee; the $75 applies to change a flight if same-day changes are available even to their 100,000 mile flyers. Cash co-pays apply for domestic mileage upgrades even for top tier elites. Customer dislike cash co-pays to begin with, a fee to be able to use your miles. United waives the fee for their elites who spend miles to confirm domestic upgrades. American does not. If customers want to spend miles to ensure will get the upgrade, even as a 100,000 mile flyer customer have to cough up $75 each way. Alliance Airlines An alliance airline have benefits can consists of; an extended network: this is often realized through code sharing agreements. Many alliances started as only a code sharing network. Cost reduction from sharing of: Sales offices, Maintenance facilities, Operational facilities, e.g. catering or computer systems, Operational staff, e.g. ground handling personnel, at check-in and boarding desks, Investments and purchases, e.g. in order to negotiate extra volume discounts. Traveler benefits can include: Lower prices due to lowered operational costs for a given route, more departure times to choose from on a given route, more destinations within easy reach, Shorter travel times as a result of optimized Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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transfers, a wider range of airport lounges shared with alliance members, Faster mileage rewards by earning miles for a single account on several different carriers, Round-the-world tickets, enabling travelers to fly over the world for a relatively low price. Airline alliances may also create disadvantages for the traveler, such as: Higher prices when all competition is erased on a certain route, less frequent flights: for instance, if two airlines separately fly three and two times a day respectively on a shared route, their alliance might fly less than 5(3+2) times a day on the same route. This might be especially true between hub cities for each airline. e.g., flights between Detroit (a Delta Air Lines fortress hub) and Amsterdam (a KLM fortress hub). 2.2.2 Local Studies Cebu Pacific Cebu Pacific Air flight bookings may be made directly on
www.cebupacificair.com, with the airlines ticket offices, through its authorized distributors and agents or via its call centre. Seats are made available in real time irrespective of the channel through which the passenger makes his reservation (online, via call center, ticket offices or authorized agents). Cebu Pacific Air follows the book and pay model. The passengers contract of carriage with Cebu Pacific Air is subject to the airlines General Terms and Conditions of Carriage for Passengers and Baggage from time to time in force (the General Conditions), which may be viewed on the airlines website at www.cebupacificair.comor made available to the passenger upon request, and which the passenger is deemed to have understood and accepted upon purchase of reservation with the airline, as well as to the Travel Regulations (including notices and advisories ) whether stated hereunder or published elsewhere by the airline pertaining to specific subjects and which are incorporated in the General Conditions by reference.
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Travel Regulations may change at short notice. While the airline will make every effort to ensure that all information found here is updated and accurate, Cebu Pacific Air will not be held responsible for any loss resulting from the use of this information. Some of the Special Handling of Cebu pacific air such as; Pregnant Women, it is the responsibility of pregnant passengers to advise the airline of the progress of their pregnancy during booking and upon check-in. Unaccompanied Minors and Infants, Children below 7 years old will not be accepted for carriage unless they are accompanied by an adult. Children aged 7 to below 12 years old will be accepted only after the prescribed Unaccompanied Minor Handling Fee is paid. Incapacitated Passengers, Passengers with Reduced Mobility or Illness, for safety reasons, Cebu Pacific Air will carry a maximum of four incapacitated passengers and passengers with reduced mobility or illness per flight. Such passengers should advise the airline of the special needs and request special assistance upon flight booking so that the airline can make the necessary arrangement or inform the passengers in advance if it is unable to provide the special requirements. Air Philippine Express Online Booking accepts booking of flights and purchasing tickets online on PAL's domestic and international itineraries. International code shared flights are not available through our online booking facility. Users can immediately check for fares and flight availability without the need to register or login. What mode of payment can passenger use to purchase a ticket online? Air Philippine accepts MasterCard/Visa/JCB Credit/Debit Cards, BancNet ATM card and MyPrepaid MasterCard. If the passengers have a BancNet member-bank cash card, it can be use this to transact through the website? Yes, BancNet member banks cash cards may be used to make online purchases. However, the passenger may use the BancNet ATM Card to pay for domestic ticket only. Air Philippine accepts a Debit Card when booking and buying tickets online? Yes, debit cards bearing the Mastercard and VISA logos designed for internet/online transactions Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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may be accepted online. Some debit cards intended for POS (Point of Sale) transaction cannot be used online. Please check with your card issuer before using your debit card online. What is a Virtual Credit Card? The Virtual Credit Card works in the same way as regular credit cards but there is no physical card exists. Only the account number and expiry date are the available information. Air Philippine express accept Virtual Credit Card? Virtual credit cards are not
accepted as form of payment as we may require the actual presentation of the credit card used online. How many passengers can book online? Passenger can book up to maximum seven passengers (adults and children included) per transaction. If there are more passengers travelling together, book the remaining passengers after the completion of booking for the first seven passengers. Passengers need to register before booking and buying online? No, Passenger can book online without the need to register or login. Some passengers encountered problems when booked online. Passengers repeated efforts to check the fares have failed. Passengers cannot get past the flight availability page. What will Passengers do? Air
Philippines Online Booking facility will function best using Internet Explorer v5.0 and higher. Air Philippines strongly recommend that you upgrade your browser or use a PC that has Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher. Passengers can book for todays flight? No. You can book for flights departing 24 hours to 10 months from now. Passengers want to book flight and purchase ticket for another person. Can do it online? Yes, Passengers can book flight and buy a ticket for another person from Air Philippine website. Online booking facility does not require the card holder to be the passenger or a member of the travelling party. Zest Airways Zest Air ticketing services offered Basic reservation, Rebooking (Change in Date, Time and Destination, Should be done more than 24 hours prior to flight. Otherwise, rebooking is subject to No-show Penalty), Cancellation (Travel Fund is Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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created and redeemable at any eBiz branch, Should be done more than 24 hours prior to flight) Create separate booking for Senior Citizen or PWD. Indicate percentage of discount in the Applied Discount field and be careful in typing the amount. Request for corresponding IDs from client for them to avail of the Senior Citizen or PWD discount. OSCA ID or any valid ID indicating age of passenger for Senior Citizen PWD ID for person with disability. All Zest Air fare already includes 10 15 kg baggage allowance. Discount will be given to passengers who will opt not to bring any check-in baggage. Bookings for flights coming from Manila already includes terminal fee. Ask client if all passengers are fit to fly and indicate it in the User Notes box. For expectant mothers, Expectant Mother Information Sheet (EMIS) and medical certificate is needed. EMIS is subject for approval of Zest Air resident physician if age of gestation is 6 months but not beyond 8 months. In booking fare with connecting flights, make sure the time of arrival is at least 4 hours from the schedule of the connecting flight to avoid delay. Recap the flight details and ask for payment first before finalizing the flight reservation. Rebooking should be done more than 24 hours prior to departure time to avoid being charged with No-show penalty. Rebooking procedure allows for change in date, time and destination of flight. Always check and collect the amount to be paid by the client if there are fare differences before finalizing the rebooking transaction. Changing or adding baggage allowance is considered a rebooking transaction. Do not forget to collect the corresponding eBiz service fee. Booking cancellation should be performed more than 24 hours prior to departure to avoid the No-Show penalty. Fare can still be refunded even after 1 year from the date of flight but is already subject to penalties and charges. Travel Fund will be created and can be redeemed in all eBiz branches. Travel Fund has no expiration but is non-transferrable. If Travel Fund was not entirely used, remaining amount can still be utilized in booking another flight for the same passenger.
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Passenger who has multiple Travel Funds can combine the funds in one single reservation.
2.3 Synthesis and Significance of the Study

This project study will be beneficial to all those who conduct a research and study about the Airline Reservation System (ARS), Airline Ticketing System (ATS), flight operation, air traveling operations, travel agent operations, and airline agency management operation. In addition, this might also help to all those who in computer-related disciplines who may want to appreciate the proposed project and also to those doing research on the similar topic. The developers develop a computerized reservation and ticketing system and the project using the latest techniques and technology might help the airline company to increase the number of passengers. The proposed system airline reservation and ticketing system it can only be used for a passenger only not includes the any other type of air transportation service such as cargo, animals, corpse and etc. The developers focused to the passenger booking only. Some of the airline companies have the same terms and condition, business process and modules regarding to the reservation and ticketing system. But other airline companies are the competitors, they wanted to the passengers increased through their reservation system.
BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES Chapter 3 - Analysis and Design

3.1 Software Requirements Specification
1. Introduction 1.1 Goals and objective
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The purpose of this section is to provide information regarding to the goals and objective of the proposed project for the software requirement and specification of the proposed system. This section will provide all needed information for the different stakeholders to get an idea for the needed requirements of the project. This chapter 3 of the documentation will provide written description as well as various types of modeling diagrams to illustrate the high level structure of the project. After reading and analyzing this documentation, it is important that an agreement of these requirements be reached so that everyones expectation and goal will be met. The proposed project will be implemented as a web based information system. This is the best practice to do especially for an airline company that offers reservation service based on the research and it is the widely method used by almost all the airline companies. Thats why the developers will follow this practice for the project to be in the latest form of delivering its service and use. Web based solution offers wide range of options that can be used for the proposed project to expand its use and scope. This will let the airline company to give their customers a great experience for the booking of flights online. Data processing will processed smooth by making the proposed system online. Therefore, in this way delays and system time outs can be prevented. The proposed system is intended to provide a web-based system that will assist the customers in their booking and ticketing concerns online. Also, the system will assist too the employee of the airline which is in the different role in managing and using the proposed projects reservation and ticketing system modules. The proposed project will provide different and isolated system modules that will be used by different users. The system will be made secured by implementing different access level to protect the system from the hackers. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

1.2 Statement of Scope
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This section contains the general description of the system functionality followed by detailed requirements that will provide the client an idea and knowledge on the proposed project system scope. This section aims to deliver the scope of the system scope and the use of the modules inside the system. The system provides different modules that include sub-modules to be access by different type of users based on the access levels of each participant to use the proposed system for a specific task. This list of modules is already mentioned somewhere in Chapter 1. Just to make a review the modules are the following, given also its description that represents its use and scope in the system:
1. Operation Module a. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System i. Online Public Flight Reservation and Ticketing System This module is interfaced and used by the client-passenger to make to flight reservation. It provides an automatic ticket processing. This facility covers only a limited system operation of the flight reservation and ticketing system. ii. Online Private Flight Reservation and Ticketing System This module is interfaced and used by the authorized airline personnel. The access to this flight reservation and ticketing facility is restricted and access only by the authorized persons. This facility covers the whole system operation of the flight reservation and ticketing system. 1. GUI Program The GUI-based program of the flight reservation system pertains to the object-oriented application of the system. 2. Console Program
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The console program of the flight reservation system pertains to the console-based application of the system. This system is the alternative application program. b. Flight Seat Inventory Control Specifically flight reservation management uses this seat inventory control. Seat inventory control used to manage seat availability in a flight to control the booking of flight reservation in a given time c. Message Delivery Module Message delivery module used to deliver message to the client / passenger regarding to their desired flight reservation information and updates. i. E-mail Messaging ii. SMS Messaging d. Baggage Management Module This module is used to manage passenger baggage. The module is used by the authorized personnel of the airline assigned in the baggage management department. The following below are the sub-module of this module: i. ii. Baggage Ticketing & Marking Baggage Tracking
e. Material Order Inventory Module This module is used to collect materials request from the flight reservations. This module collects and manages the materials in order to request the material to the flight operation in the proper time it is needed. The module is used by the authorized airline personnel assigned to the material order inventory. 2. Administrative Module This module is used by the administrator of the company who manages the authorized user accounts that accesses restricted module of the system. a. System Authorized Users
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This module is used to manage the user accounts that accesses the system b. System Maintenance This module is used to manage the system modules availability User Requirements for the Flight Reservation and Ticketing System Req. No. Priority Access Privileges R1 High Reference Administrator Description Only the administrator is assigned to manage user accounts that access the system modules. The booking personnel are the one who used the restricted flight reservation and ticketing facility. The baggage operator are the one who used the restricted baggage management module facility The messaging operator is the one who used the restricted messaging delivery module of the system. The seat inventory manager used the seat inventory
R2
High
Booking Personnel Baggage Operator Messaging Delivery Operator Seat Inventory Manager Material Inventory Manager Client-Passenger Client-Passenger Client-Passenger Client-Passenger Client-Passenger Client-Passenger Client-Passenger
R3
High
R4
High
R5 R5
High High
R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15
Medium High High High High High High High High High

R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High
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1.3 Software Context
1.4 Major Constraints The proposed project will use the Java Server Page Technology as the front-end of the system. The system will only have SQL Database that will be accessed online through the hosted site of the proposed project. Since that the project will only use java programming language for its front-end, and since that it will be a web-based system. The system will used tomcat as its web server to support its technology. 2. Usage Scenarios 2.1 User Profiles User Flight Reservation and Ticketing System Description

Administrator
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An administrator has the responsibility to register new authorized personnel to an access account to the system. The administrator has the access to view account details of all the users including the private users which are the passengerclient. Changing of password and e-mailing it to the specific user in case that the account details has been forgotten by the user is also the responsibility of the administrator. Passenger-Client pertains to the clients of the airline company that intends to make flight reservation online by themselves. This user access the public flight reservation facility of the system by logging in or going directly to the system page. Flight Reservation Personnel pertains to the authorized personnel of an airline company who is given the authorization to use the private reservation facility of the system by logging in using their designated access account. Flight Reservation Personnel may compose of call center agents and ticketing agent who is given the authorization deal with the processing of reservation system that includes booking, rebooking, rerouting, reissuance of ticket, and cancellation and refund concerns. Flight Reservation System specifically pertains to the part of the system that uses to deal and make flight reservation process. It also refers to the URL or IP address directly connected into the system website that provides the flight reservation system. Flight Ticketing System specifically pertains to the part of the system that uses to deal and manage the flight ticketing system process. It also refers to the URL or IP address directly connected into the system website that provides the reservations ticketing system. Tomcat Web Server is a remote computer that maintains the system database and system web pages. This web server is directly connected into the hosting site of the system website. Providing an access to use the system in the internet.
Passenger-Client Internet User
Flight Reservation Personnel
Flight Reservation System
Ticketing System
Tomcat Web Server (System Web Server)
2.2 Use-cases The following use-cases are typical interactions between the external environments and the internal software system of the proposed project. Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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2.2.1 Use-case Diagram
Update Profile Details extends Add Profile Details Update Payment Methods extends extends Add Payment Method Client Payment Methods uses extends extends Client Profile Account
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Passenger-Client Account
extends Get Boarding Pass extends extends extends Update Seat Location Web Check-in extends Passenger-Client Login *
extends Update Reservation extends Manage Reservation extends
Print Reservation uses Manage Booking
* extends
Print Itinerary Receipt
* uses Passenger-Client
Update Booking
Flight Schedules Flight Reservation Flight Booking
extends
extends
uses uses
uses *
Fare Basis Code
uses uses Flight Reservation System extends
Cancellation Request
Seat Inventory Rebooking Request extends extends Select a Flight
Find a Flight
Add Travelers Info extends extends
Get Itinerary
Add Special Service Request
extends
Summarize Reservation Request
extends
Pay for a flight reservation
extends Get Boarding Pass
Passenger-Client uses the online facility of the proposed system in making flight reservarion. Use Case Diagram
The diagram shows the ways on how does a client can access the proposed project online booking facility.
Figure 1: Use-Case Diagram of Passenger Client Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

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Flight Reservation System Update Account uses Private Account uses uses uses uses uses uses uses uses Print/Send Account extends extends extends Protected Account extends System Access extends uses uses Module Setting
Add Account
Restricted Account Administrator Login * uses extends uses System Maintenance uses uses Update Connection Create Back-up FlightPayment/ Ticketing System Update E-mail Setting uses System User Accounts *
uses Print Sales Report uses
Administrative Reporting
extends
Administrator
Print Seat Inventory Report
uses
Module Management Print Flight Schedule Report
extends
extends
extends
extends
Public Flight Reservation System
Private Flight Reservation System
FlightPayment/ Ticketing System
System Utilities
uses
uses
uses
uses
Update Setting Administrator facility access and control to the system module Use-case Diagram
Figure 2 Use-case Diagram of Administrator
2.2 Use-case Description Passenger-Client Side Reservation Use-Case Process Use-case: Primary Actor: Goal in Context: Precondition: Trigger: Find a Flight Schedule Passenger/Customer To search and display the desired flight schedule Fill in all the fields that is required for finding a flight schedule The passenger wants to look-up for a flight schedule to plan when to fly and to purchase a flight ticket. Scenario: 1. The passenger browses the homepage of the proposed project.
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2. The system displays the homepage together with the find a flight form in the upper left side of the web page. 3. The passenger use and fill-up the form in the find a flight form and clicks submit. 4. The system validates the user inputted data and sends the form based on the desired flight of the passenger to the web server for finding the flight schedule. 5. The web server forwards the gathered info for the flight schedule to the system. 6. The system gets the gathered info and posts it in the available flights that are being interfaced by the passenger. Exceptions: The flight schedule wont be display if it is in the past. If the customer encountered malfunction, power outage, internet loss. The customer is required to start again in the beginning.
Use-case: Primary Actor: Goal in Context: Precondition:
Make a reservation instance Passenger/Customer To make a reservation instance in their desired flight schedule The passenger must already have the desired flight schedule get from the available flight schedule prompt to him by the system in the find a flight form.
Trigger:
The passenger wants to make a reservation instance to see to it its cost and billing information.
Scenario:
1. The passenger selects his desired flight schedule that is being displayed in the available flight schedule of the find a flight form. 2. The system gets the selected flight schedule chosen by the customer and pinned it in the next form which is the passenger information reservation form.

3. The passenger gets the next form and required to fill up all the
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fields required by the system for the passenger information validation and then after filling up the customers clicks the submit button. 4. The system validates the user inputted data of passenger information and checks it from errors and then forwarding the validation confirmation display to be interface by the customer. 5. The customer is required to check and validate his submitted form, and then required to click the proceed button to proceed. 6. The system gets the confirmation of the customer and forwards the collected information to the next form which is the add-ons option form. Exceptions: If the customer encountered malfunction, power outage, internet loss. The customer is required to start again in the beginning.
Using an add-ons option for the reservation instance. Passenger/Customer To add an add-ons option in a reservation instance. The customer must already have the successful validation of the passenger information validation.
Trigger:
The passenger wants to add an additional option of adding add-ons in his reservation instance to see to it its full cost and billing information.
Scenario:
1. The passenger is forwarded by the system to the add-ons option of the reservation process. 2. The passenger is given the choice to skip using the optional add-ons or to continue. 2.1 The passenger skips to use the option. 2.2 The passenger chooses add-ons option and add some services and request some things that the passengers need during the flight and clicks the submit button.

3.0 The process will continue based on the process chosen by the passenger.
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3.1 The system directly forwards the customer to go to the summary of his/her reservation request confirmation display. 3.2 The system validates the request things and services by the passengers and prompts the successful add-ons request display and give the customer to go to the summary of his/her reservation request confirmation display. 4. The passenger will interface the go to the summary of his/her reservation request confirmation display to view the summary of his reservation instance including the bills of it. Exceptions: If the customer encountered malfunction, power outage, or internet loss. The customer is required to start again in the beginning.
Use-case: Primary Actor: Goal in Context:
Using the summary of reservation instance. Passenger/Customer To confirm the summary of the passenger reservation instance before purchasing the flight ticket.
Precondition:
The customer must pass the add-on option process. Either he/she skip it or continue to the use the option. The passenger must reach this process first.
Trigger:
The passenger wants to read and confirm the summary of his/her reservation instance.
Scenario:
1. The passenger is forwarded by the system to the summary of his reservation instance and the customer clicks on proceed button of the display. 2. The system gets the command and displays the summary of the reservation instance including the passenger information, add-ons, bills, rules, flight information, and the terms and conditions and given
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the passenger the option to reserve me to purchase this reservation button. 3. The system gets the command of reserving the passenger to purchase the ticket to the web server and the web server creates the ready queue to the reservation state of the system to note the system that the purchasing of ticket is in process. The reserving of the reservation instance is also known in the system as reservation reference number. (The passenger must have to chat down the reservation reference number, in case that the passenger encounters problem) 4. If the slot of the flight schedule selected by the passenger is still available. Then, the passenger will be forwarded by the system to the purchasing or ticketing process. Exceptions: If the customer encountered malfunction, power outage, internet loss. The customer is required to start again in the beginning. If the flight schedule is not available due to it is already gotten by someone. The passenger will display the Unavailability of the desired flight schedule reservation display.
Purchasing the reservation instance. Passenger/Customer To purchase the ticket of the reservation instance. The customer must have passed the reservation to purchase the reservation instance that can only be done in the summary of reservation instance process.
Trigger: Scenario:
The passenger wants to purchase his reservation instance. 1. The passenger is forwarded by the system from the summary of his/her reservation instance to the purchasing of the reservation instance after the customer is reserved to purchase the ticket of his reservation instance by the system.
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2. The system displays the purchase the reservation instance for a ticket form. Including the summary of the reservation instance and the reservation reference number that is made by the passenger. (In this process, the passenger is required to chat down his reservation number, in case that an error encountered) 3. The system gives the passenger a choice how to purchase his/her reservation instance whether to use Visa Card or Master Card or use his earned points using the pointing system promoted the co-subsystem of the proposed project. 4. The passenger chosen to pay by using one of the options either via master/visa card or via points.
4.1 The passenger used to click the button of pay using points and the system display the pop-up window for the user to log-on to the pointing system. 4.1.1 The system requires the customer to enter his account number and password in the pay via points form. 4.1.2 The system validates if the customer login is authorized and loads the account current points information. Then the system will asked the customer to continue purchasing via points. 4.1.3 The customer proceeds purchasing the ticket via points. 4.1.4 The system validates the point information and use the point to purchase the ticket using this. Now the system sends the purchasing information to the system web server. 4.1.5 The web server writes the purchasing information to the database and gets the purchasing information ticket number and forwards it to the system. 4.1.6 The system gets the purchasing information number and loads it into the system memory, getting also the reservation reference number and combines it together and makes the final summary of the

reservation process display to be interface by the customer.
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4.1.7 The customer interfaces the summary of the reservation process, noting the customer that the transaction for purchasing is successfully made. This also reminds the passenger to go to their email address to get the itinerary receipt of their purchased ticket.
4.2 The passenger used to click the button of pay using master/visa card and the system display the pop-up window for the user to log-on to the card system of the service provider of their cards. 4.2.1 The system requires the customer to enter his account number and password in the pay via points form. 4.2.2 The system validates if the customer login is authorized and loads the account current money information. Then the system will asked the customer to continue purchasing via points. 4.2.3 The customer proceeds purchasing the ticket via points. 4.2.4 The system validates the money information and use the card money to purchase the ticket using this. Now the system sends the purchasing information to the system web server. 4.2.5 The web server writes the purchasing information to the database and gets the purchasing information ticket number and forwards it to the system. 4.2.6 The system gets the purchasing information number and loads it into the system memory, getting also the reservation reference number and combines it together and makes the final summary of the reservation process display to be interface by the customer. 4.2.7 The customer interfaces the summary of the reservation process, noting the customer that the transaction for purchasing is successfully made. This also reminds the passenger to go to their email address to get the itinerary receipt of their purchased ticket. Exceptions: If the customer encountered malfunction, power outage, internet loss.

The customer is required to start again in the beginning. Or the passenger can also use the system booking utility of continue my booking process to avoid making multiple reservation instances.
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Passenger getting his/her itinerary receipt via email. Passenger/Customer To get the itinerary of the purchased flight reservation. The customer must purchase the reservation instance that he/she made.
Trigger: Scenario:
The customer wants to see or get a copy to print out his/her itinerary. 1. The customer logins to his/her email accounts (yahoo, Gmail). 2. The mail service logged in the customer. 3. The passenger finds and read the email sent to him by the proposed system. 4. Passenger prints the itinerary.
Exceptions:
If the customer email account is not valid, or cannot be accessed. The user should have to call the airline company to change his/her email address. And a valid email address must have to be created and provided by the customer.
2.3 Special Usage considerations Fares for a flight cannot be downgrade. Customer/Passenger cannot make rebooking, re-routing using the proposed system. Itinerary Receipt cannot be changed since that it will be sent to the customer in pdf.

2.4 Activity Diagrams
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Passenger Reservation Instance Activity Diagram Select the desired flight schedule
[=0]
[=1]
Get the selected flight schedule
Pin the selected flight schedule to next form
[Retry]
Display the passengers information form
[Cancel]
Fill-up the passengers information form
Submit and validate the passengers information form
[Required data missing]

Notify the customer for the required missing data
[Required data complete]
Display the confirm entered information form
[selects to cancel]
Ask customer before destroying the session
[selects to proceed]
Store temporary information and proceed to next form Display Add-ons Form
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Adding add-ons to a reservation instance Activity Diagram Display Add-ons Form
Notify the customer the error occured
[No stored data found]
[Back to the start]
Retrieve stored data in the past form
Fill-up and submit the add-on form
[Enter valid data]
[Cancel and quit]
Validate the entered data
[Invalid Input]
Notify the customer for invalid input
[Valid Input]
Store the collected data to the temporary data store
Display the reservation instance summary form

3. Data Model Description 3.1 Data Objects Flight Schedule FlightID FlightNo Origin Destination Departure Arrival FlightStatus FareBasisCode Fare Data Store FareBasisCode BookingClass TripType BaseFare CabinClass EffectiveDate ExpirationDate MinStay MaxStay AdvancePurchaseRequest Restriction Reservation Reference ReservationReferenceNo ReservationDate FlightID Passenger Name Record ReservationReferenceNo PassengerTitle FirstName MiddleName LastName AgeClass Remarks SpecialRemark Ticket Reference TicketRefNo ReservationReferenceNo TicketStatus Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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PaymentType CardNo BaseFareAmount PaymentType AviationFee WebAdminFee VAT TransactionDate AmountPaid Booking Confirmation BookingConfirmationCode TicketRefNo BookingStatus Administrator AdminID Username Password FirstName MiddleName LastName Gender Authorized Booking Personnel AuthorizedUserID Username Password Designation FirstName MiddleName LastName Gender Flight Reservation Authorized Personnel UserID Username Password Designation Department FirstName MiddleName LastName Gender Age Flight Reservation and Ticketing System
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3.2 Relationships A client making reservation online might could be a passenger too of the flight he/she making. A client may reserve one or more person in a flight schedule including him. A reservation reference number that is being produced by the system in a reservation reference table per flight reservation instance is assigned to one or more person that is being input during this process. Therefore a one-to-many relationship exists in this process. A reservation reference number might be assigned in a multiple record in the passenger name record table. A client paying for the reservation instance he/she made is described in this paragraph. The payment or ticketing system uses the ticket reference table to record flight ticketing transaction. The ticket reference table requires reservation reference number to start calculating the whole transaction. A ticket reference number is produced by the ticket per transaction processed. Therefore as a conclusion, only one reservation reference number can be related to one ticket reference number and one-to-one relationship exists. When a flight reservation reference number has been purchased and has its ticket reference number. A ticket reference number will be generated with a corresponding booking confirmation code. Only one booking confirmation code may refer to one ticket reference number. Therefore, one-to-one relationship applies in this process.
3.3 Complete data model The figure below describes relations of the data objects.
4. Functional Model Description 4.1. Class Diagram

4.2. Software Interface Description 4.2.1. External machine interface
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The proposed system can only print corporate reports through the use of a local or network printer within the company. Reports that are open to a customer or passenger can print in any home printer.
4.2.2. External system interface The proposed system will communicate with a web server on the internet through a high speed connection wireless or wired connection such as DSL, 3G or 4G network, and cable. 4.2. 3. Human interface The proposed system web interface is capable to navigate just by using keyboard alone. In addition, the use of mouse with a combination of keyboard is also capable to the system. 4.3. Reports 4.3.1. Inventory of Reports Name Reservation Instance Itinerary Receipt Flight Reservations Flight Bookings Flight Cancellation Flight Description

4.3.2. Layout of Reports
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4.3.3. Data Dictionary of Reports
5. Behavioral Model Description
5. 1. Description for software behavior 5.1.1. Events 5.1.2. States 5. 2. State chart Diagram
6. Restrictions, Limitations, and Constraints 7. Validation Criteria The proposed system will be integrated into the other sub-module of the Airline Management System. The proposed system can only be used for the domestic to domestic flight operation inside the Philippines.
7. 1. Classes of tests

7. 2. Expected software response
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7. 3. Performance Bounds The proposed system will support the maximum of 500 simultaneous users against the website/web server at any given time. The propose system will provide database access of the system with a latency of not more than 10 seconds. The proposed system and its database made built-in to the system website so that the system can be update its needed information smoothly with no delays.
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BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

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Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

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1.5.2 Problems identified with the existing system

1.5.3 Process models of existing system contributing to the problem\

1.5.4 Data models of this existing systems

Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

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BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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2.2 Related Studies

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

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2.3 Synthesis and Significance of the Study

Flight Reservation and Ticketing System

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES Chapter 3 - Analysis and Design

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R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15

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1.3 Software Context

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Passenger-Client Internet User

Flight Reservation Personnel