Post parturient hemoglobinuria (PPH)

**it is common occur in highly producing dairy cows in the 1st 2-4 weeks after calving & in the 5th 7th month of pregnancy in buffaloes . *age of susceptibility 3rd 6th calving

Clinical signs
-Hb uria (urine color light brown or reddish or coffee) -anorexia , severe decrease of milk yield , loss of b.wt & weakness -secondary ketosis -dehydration -pale M.M then jaundice -the course of disease 3-5 days in standing position followed by weakness & sternal recumbancy for 3-5 days -in chronic case ketosis & locomotors disturbance

Treatment
1- in severe anemia blood transfusion (4-5 liter) 2-give source of phosphorus : a- Sod.dibasic phosphate or Sod.acid phosphate 60 gm / 600 ml D.W /I.V followed by S/C dose after 12 hr for 3-5days . Also , oral dose (60 gm ) / daily / till 3 days after recovery b- give patent preparation as : -Catozal 50 cm / I.V/ daily / 3-5 days -Tonophosphan 50 cm / I.V / daily/ 3-5 days c-oral dose of bran 120 gm / daily or meat meal 120 gm / twice daily

3- I/M injection of iron dextran (as hematinics) : 4 cm / 10 kg b.wt / I.M/ every week 4- fluid therapy (very very important) : 2 liter saline + 3 liter glucose 25 % N.B: *addition of bran & bone meal to the ration during barseem season *if the cow recumbent before calving give it phosphorus therapy as APROPHYLACTIC

D.D
Red urine

hematuria

Hemoglobin uria

Myoglobin uria

Urine sample
Sedimentation (centrifugation)

*presence of sediment:
it is hematouria microscopical exam intact RBCs

Presence of homogenous & transparent fluid : It may be Hb uria Myoglobinuria

-If presence of homogenous & transparent fluid : you may take serum sample & see its color : *if it is of pink color Hb uria *if it is of clear color Myoglobin uria

**Hb uria (caused by )

1- Babesia -tick infestation -young age more susceptible -profuse diarrhea (pipe steam diarrhea) , then constipation -M.M congested pale jundice
-blood film parasite

2-Bacillary Hb: -sudden death (every 3 days)

-high fever -sudden drop in milk yield -blood stained feces -necrosis in liver ( p.m) - most common with liver fluke infestation &during summer

3-Leptospira:
-calves & lambs are more susceptible than adult -pyrexia (41-42c) abortion -high mortality rate in calves & lambs -bloody milk from all qurters -the udder is soft & flappy

4-copper poisoning
-no fever -severe jaundice

5-water intoxication
-history of ingestion of large amount of cold water

6-hypophosphatemia ***Hematouria (caused by)

1-pyelonephritis -fever in acute -urine contain RBCs & pus cell -rectally pain , enlargement of kidney , absence of its lobulation , cord like urter -frequent , painful urination -vaginal purulent discharge

2-Cystitis
-rectally is thickening in wall of U.B & painful in acute -urine has RBCs & pus cell -frequent , painful urination

3-Urolithiasis
-in castrated male ruminant (fattening) -retention of urine (auria) -few drop of blood stained urine -rectally distention of U.B

4-Enzootic hematouria (neoplasm in U.B)

-affect old age only -persistent red urine for long period of time -presence of blood clots in urine