F321 module 3 Practice 2:

1.

Radium reacts vigorously when added to water.

Ra(s) + 2H2O(l) Ra(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
(i)

Use the equation to predict two observations that you would see during this
reaction.
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[2]

(ii)

Predict a pH value for this solution.

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[1]
[Total 3 marks]

2.

Reactions of the Group 2 metals involve removal of electrons. The electrons are
removed more easily as the group is descended and this helps to explain the
increasing trend in reactivity.
(i)

The removal of one electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous radium atoms
is called the .....................................................................................................
[2]

The equation for this process in radium is:

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[2]

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(ii)

Atoms of radium have a greater nuclear charge than atoms of calcium.

Explain why, despite this, less energy is needed to remove an electron from a
radium atom than from a calcium atom.
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[3]
[Total 7 marks]

3.

Chewing chalk has been used for many years to combat excess stomach acid and
indigestion tablets often contain calcium carbonate, CaCO3. Suggest, with the aid of an
equation, how these tablets work.
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[Total 2 marks]

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4.

Chlorine is used in the preparation of many commercially important materials such as

bleach and iodine.
Bleach is a solution of sodium chlorate(l), NaOCl, made by dissolving chlorine in
aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) NaOCl(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Determine the changes in oxidation number of chlorine during the preparation of bleach
and comment on your results.
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[Total 3 marks]

5.

Iodine is extracted commercially from seawater with chlorine gas. Seawater contains
very small quantities of dissolved iodide ions, which are oxidised to iodine by the
chlorine gas.
(i)

Write an ionic equation for the reaction that has taken place.
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[2]

(ii)

Use your understanding of electronic structure to explain why chlorine is a

stronger oxidising agent than iodine.
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[2]
[Total 4 marks]

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6.

The atomic radii of nitrogen and oxygen are shown below.

element

nitrogen

oxygen

atomic radius/nm

0.075

0.073

Explain why a nitrogen atom is larger than an oxygen atom.

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[Total 4 marks]

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7.

The first ionisation energies of the elements H to K are shown below. Use this diagram
to help with your answers to this question.
2500
1 s t io n is a tio n e n e r g y
/ k J m o l 1

He

N e

2000

1000

Be

M g

Si

500
0

Ar

1500

Li
0

Na
4

Al

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

a to m ic n u m b e r
(a)

Define the term first ionisation energy.

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[3]

(b)

Explain why the first ionisation energies show a general increase across Period 2
(Li to Ne).
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[2]
[Total 5 marks]

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8.

State and explain the trend in first ionisation energies shown by the elements with the
atomic numbers 2, 10 and 18.
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[Total 4 marks]

9.

The Group 2 metal strontium, Sr, is very reactive.

Strontium metal is stored under oil and, when exposed to air, the shiny surface of the
strontium becomes dull.
Predict, with an equation, what reaction takes place when strontium is exposed to air.
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[Total 2 marks]

10.

The reaction of strontium with water is a redox reaction. A student reacted 0.438 g of
strontium with 200 cm3 of water.
Sr(s) + 2H2O(l) Sr(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
(i)

Use oxidation numbers to show that strontium has been oxidised in this reaction.
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[2]

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(ii)

Calculate how many moles of Sr were reacted.

Ar: Sr, 87.6
answer ............... mol
[1]

(iii)

Calculate the volume, in dm3, of H2(g) produced. You can assume that, under the
experimental conditions, 1.00 mol of H2(g) has a volume of 24.0 dm3.
answer .............. dm3
[1]

(iv)

Calculate the concentration, in mol dm3, of the Sr(OH)2 produced.

answer ............... mol dm3
[1]
[Total 5 marks]

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