Distribution and Microgrid Test Systems

09/30/2013
I. INTRODUCTION In this report, most distribution and microgrid test systems are summarized derived from the papers on the applications of distribution system or microgrid system. Note that different test systems may be used for different research purposes, such as distributed generation integration, demand response, or protection testing. II. THE IEEE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION TEST FEEDERS[1] Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee Report provides 4 test feeders for computer program result verification. The complete data and solutions for all of the test feeders can be downloaded from the Internet at http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/index.html. And since 2010, there are several other test feeders added into this website. The test feeders available are summarized into
Table 1. IEEE Test Feeders

IEEE Test Feeders 4 Node Test Case 13 Node Test Case 34 Node Test Case 37 Node Test Case 123 Node Test Case 8500 Node Test Case Neutral-to-Earth Voltage Test Case Comprehensive Distribution Test Feeder

Voltage Level 12.47KV 4.16KV/24.9KV 4.16KV 24.9KV 4.8KV 4.16KV MV and LV levels 13.2KV 24.9KV

Features and Primary Usage Test all possible three-phase transformer connections. Even though this test feeder is very small and unbalanced, it can test most common features of distribution analysis software. Actual feeder in Arizona. Test for convergence problem Actual feeder in California. Three-wire delta system? Suitable for Voltage/Var compensation research and load allocation research, as well as configuration since there are many switches in the feeder. This is a test feeder to test if the algorithm can solve large scale test case. Test the capability of a program to represent very detailed models of a distribution system. Test the capability of a program to represent a wide variety of components

These test feeders are derived either from real power distribution system or designed for various testing purposes. The detailed test case data and power flow data are available on the website for comparison. However, with the increasing research on distributed generation, demand response and other applications and control systems on distribution level, new test feeders are needed for research purposes. Because of the fact that few distribution test feeders have been used for common test bed, its necessary to summarize the test beds that used in existing papers. III. DISTRIBUTION/MICROGRID TESTBEDS WITH DG Fortunately, many research institutes and universities have developed their own physical microgrid, for research purpose. The magazine IEEE Power & Energy July 2013 (Volume 11, Number 4) generally introduced the research and development vision of microgrid. Many websites claim that currently there are more than 400 microgrids are under development (219 in North America), according to a new report from Navigant Research. A. CERTS Microgrid Test Bed1 The objective of the CERTS (Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions) Microgrid Test Bed was to enhance the ease of integrating small energy sources into a microgrid.
1

http://certs.lbl.gov/certs-derkey-mgtb.html

This microgrid is a low voltage level gird, some lab experience results can be found at [2]. Many projects have been conducted on this test bed. The reports are available online. B. CIGRE Distribution System Dr. Kai Strunz developed a benchmark test system derived from German MV distribution grid, which is shown in Figure 10. The detail network data can be found at [3-5]. For each node, there is an integrated solar panel connected. Some other types of distributed generation such as wind turbine, battery, fuel cell and combined heat and power (CHP) are also connected. Simulation results can be found in the references. Other Microgrid Test Beds A microgrid test bed (380V) in Taiwan was developed [6], but no data available. The switch behavior between islanding model and grid-tie model was simulated. Sandia National Laboratories also developed a tiny microgrid [7], to design and implement adaptive, secure, scalable, microgrids with high penetration levels of stochastic renewables. The picture and diagram is shown in [7]. Including CERTS test bed, reference [8] provides a detailed introduction to the 17 existing microgrid test systems all over the world. As seen in Table 2. Reference [9] also generalized the microgrid systems in Europe, as shown in Table 3. Besides this, this reference also provides the typical microgrid infrastructures based on the types of DG used. Reference [10] gives a detailed overview of 5 selected microgrid systems.
Table 2. Summary of microgrid test systems [8]

Table 3. Microgrid test systems in Europe [9]

Table 4. Detailed overview of microgrid test systems [10]

Table 5. Voltage levels of microgrids

Name CERTS Boston Bar UWMadison Bronsbergen Am Steinweg CESI RICERCA DER Kythnos Island UManchester Aichi CRIEPI Hong Kong

Voltage 13.2KV/480V 69KV/25KV 4.16KV/480V 10KV/400V 20KV/400V 20KV/400V 400V 400V 6.6KV 6.6KV 230V

IV. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMS OF TEST FEEDERS

Figure 1. The IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder

Figure 2. The IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder

Figure 3. The IEEE 37 Node Test Feeder

Figure 4. The IEEE 123 Node Test Feeder

Figure 5. The IEEE 4 Node Test Feeder

Figure 6. The IEEE 8500 Node Test Feeder

Figure 7. Neutral-to-Earth Voltage (NEV) Test Case

Figure 8. Comprehensive IEEE Test Feeder

Figure 9. Single Line Diagram for CERTS Microgrid Test Bed

Figure 10. Test network derived from German MV distribution [4]

Figure 11. Secure Scalable Microgrid Test Bed (SSMTB) system

Figure 12. Single-line diagram of the BC Hydro Boston Bar system [8]

Figure 13. Planned islanding with Boralex plant at Senneterre Substation [8]

Figure 14. One-line schematic of the laboratory-scale microgrid2

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35052.pdf

Figure 15. Bronsbergen Holiday Park microgrid: First Microgrid in Netherland3

Figure 16. Microgrid of Am Steinweg in Stutensee, German4

3 4

http://der.lbl.gov/sites/der.lbl.gov/files/Cobben_2008.pdf http://www.leonardo-energy.org/sites/leonardo-energy/files/root/pdf/2009/article3.pdf

Figure 17. CESI RICERCA DER test microgrid network configuration [8]

Figure 18. The Kythnos island microgrid [8]

V. REFERENCES [1] D. S. A. Subcommittee, "Radial Distribution Test Feeders," [Online]. Available: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/testfeeders.pdf [2] R. H. Lasseter, J. H. Eto, B. Schenkman, J. Stevens, H. Vollkommer, D. Klapp, E. Linton, H. Hurtado, and J. Roy, "CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 26, pp. 325-332, 2011. [3] K. Rudion, A. Orths, Z. A. Styczynski, and K. Strunz, "Design of benchmark of medium voltage distribution network for investigation of DG integration," in Proc. 2006 Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE, p. 6 pp., 0-0 0, 2006. [4] K. Strunz, "Developing benchmark models for studying the integration of distributed energy resources," in Proc. 2006 Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE, p. 2 pp., 0-0 0, 2006. [5] Z. A. Styczynski, A. Orths, K. Rudion, A. Lebioda, and O. Ruhle, "Benchmark for an Electric Distribution System with Dispersed Energy Resources," in Proc. 2006 Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2005/2006 IEEE PES, pp. 314-320, 21-24 May 2006, 2006. [6] H. Ying-Yi, L. Yong-Zheng, H. Ming-Chun, C. Yung-Ruei, L. Yih-Der, and H. HuiChun, "Studies on operation modes for the first outdoor microgrid test bed in Taiwan," in Proc. 2012 Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-6, Oct. 30 2012-Nov. 2 2012, 2012. [7] S. Glover, J. Neely, A. Lentine, J. Finn, F. White, P. Foster, O. Wasynczuk, S. Pekarek, and B. Loop, "Secure Scalable Microgrid Test Bed at Sandia National Laboratories," in Proc. 2012 Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 23-27, 27-31 May 2012, 2012. [8] N. W. A. Lidula and A. D. Rajapakse, "Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 186-202, 1// 2011. [9] L. Mariam, M. Basu, and M. F. Conlon, "A Review of Existing Microgrid Architectures," Journal of Engineering, vol. 2013, p. 8, 2013. [10] M. Ariyasinghe and K. Hemapala, "Microgrid Test-Beds and Its Control Strategies," Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, vol. 4, p. 7, 2013.