SET I

1.( a ) Table 1 shows the proton numbers of three elements, P, Q, and R. The letters used are not the
actual symbols of the elements.
Element
Proton number
P
16
Q
20
R
9
Table 1
( i ) Write the electron arrangement of :
Atom Q :
..
The ion of Q :
..
( 2M )
( ii ) Write the formula for the compound formed between Q and R.
..
( 1M )
( iii ) Element P reacts with element R to form a compound with the formula PR2. State two physical
properties of this compound.
1..
2..
( 2M )
( iv ) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound PR2.

( 2M )
( b ) Table 2 shows some physical properties of two compounds, J and K.
Compound Melting point / oC Boiling point / oC Solubility in water
J
K

980
-102

2068
46

Soluble
Insoluble

Solubility in
methylbenzene
Insoluble
Soluble

Table 2
( i ) What are the physical states of J and K at room temperature?
J :..
K :...
( 2M )
( ii ) What type of compound is J ?
..

2. Empirical formula of magnesium oxide can be determined by burning magnesium ribbon in excess
of oxygen. The results obtained are as shown in Table 3.
Item
Mass / g
Mass of crucible + lid
32.40
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon
34.32
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide
35.60
Table 3
( a ) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up for this reaction.

( 2M )
( b ) What must be done to the magnesium ribbon before it is placed in the crucible ? Give a reason
for your answer.
..
..
( 2M )
( c ) The lid is opened and closed once in a while during the experiment. Explain why this is necessary.
..
..
( 2M )
( d ) How will you ensure that all the magnesium has burnt ?
.
.
( 1M )
( e ) Based on the above results, determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
( Relative atomic mass : O, 16 ; Mg , 24 )

( 3M )
( f ) Why is the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide not determined in the same way ?
..
( 1M )

3. An experiment is conducted to study the electrolysis of a dilute solution of copper(II) nitrate using
carbon electrodes.
( a ) Draw the apparatus set up for this experiment. Label the diagram completely.

( 2M )
( b ) Name all the anions present in the copper(II) nitrate solution.
..
( 2M )
( c )( i ) What can be observed at the anode ?
..
..
( 1M )
( ii ) Write the half equation for the reaction in ( c ) ( i ).
..
( 1M )
( d )( i ) Which substance is reduced ?
..
( 1M )
( ii ) What is the change in the oxidation number of the substance stated in your answer in ( d ) ( i )?
..
( 1M )
( e ) What will happen to the concentration of copper (II) nitrate solution after 30 minutes ? Give a
reason for your answer.
..
..
..
( 2M )

4. Diagram 1 shows a test tube containing 5 cm3 of glacial ethanoic acid and magnesium ribbon.

( a ) ( i ) What type of particle is present in glacial ethanoic acid ?

..
( 1M )
( ii ) What can be observed when magnesium ribbon is added to glacial ethanoic acid ?
..
( 1M )
( iii ) What can be observed if water is added to the glacial ethanoic acid containing magnesium
ribbon ? Explain your answer.
..
..
( 2M )
( b ) 50 cm3 of distilled water is added to 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid. Calculate the molarity
of the solution formed.

( 1M )
( c ) In a separate experiment, 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is titrated with 1.0
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
( i ) Draw the set-up of apparatus for this titration process.

( 2M )
( ii ) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid needed to neutralize the sodium hydroxide solution.
( 3M )

5. Diagram 2 shows a series of reaction involving butan-1-ol.

Pieces of hot porcelain
Compound A

Reagent X
Butan-1-ol

Butanoic acid

I
H2 Nickel
II

Compound B

III
Reflux with
concentrated
sulphuric acid

IV

Compound C

Diagram 2
( a ) ( i ) What is the function of the porcelain in reaction I ?
..
( 1M )
( ii ) Name compound A.
..
( 1M )
( b ) ( i ) Name the homologous series of compound B.
..
( 1M )
( ii ) Write a balanced equation for reaction II.
..
( 1M )
( iii ) Draw the structural formulae of all the isomers of compound B.

( 2M )
( c ) State the observations when compound A and compound B are tested separately with bromine
water.

( 2M )
( d ) Name reagent X in reaction III.
..
( 1M )
( e ) State one physical property of compound C.
.
( 1M )

6. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to determine the heat of precipitation.
25.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of sodium chloride is added to 25.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate
solution.

Table 4 shows the results of the experiment.

Initial temperature of sodium chloride solution / oC
Initial temperature of silver nitrate solution / oC
Highest temperature of mixture / oC
Table 4
( a ) What do you observe during the experiment ?

29.0
28.0
32.0

.
( 1M )
( b ) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs.
.
( 1M )
( c ) Given the specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1oC-1 and the density of solution = 1.0 g cm-3.
( i ) Calculate the amount of heat released in the experiment.

( 2M )
( ii ) Calculate the heat of precipitation in the experiment.

( 2M )
( d ) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction that occurs in the experiment.

( 2M )
( e ) Based on the experiment, what is meant by heat of precipitation ?
.
( 1M )

SET II
1. Table 1 shows the physical properties of iron, X, Y and Z.
Substance

Melting point

Boiling point

Iron
X
Y
Z

High
Very high
Very high
Low

Very high
Very high
Very high
Low

Electrical conductivity
Solid
Molten
Poor
Poor
Poor

Good
Poor
Poor

Solubility
in water
Insoluble
Soluble
Insoluble
Insoluble

Table 1
( a ) ( i ) How is the electrical conductivity of iron in solid and molten states ? Write your answer in
Table 1.
( 2M )
( ii ) Explain your answer in 1 ( a ) ( i ).
.
.
( 1M )
( b )( i ) Which of the substances , X, Y and Z, could be ethane , C2H4 ?
.
( 1M )
( ii ) Draw the electron arrangement of an ethane molecule.
( proton number : H = 1 , C = 12 )

( 2M )
( c ) Which of the substances, X, Y and Z , could be magnesium oxide ?
.
( 1M )
( d ) Why does substance X have a high melting and boiling points ?
.

..
( 2M )

2. Diagram 1 shows two cleaning agents, P and Q.

( a ) State the type of cleaning agents P and Q.

P : Q :..
( 2M )
( b ) State the results obtained when the cleaning agents, P and Q are used to wash clothes in sea
water.
Cleaning agent
P
Q

Result

( 2M )
( c ) Name the process used to produce soap.
..
( 1M )
( d ) Why is it important for P and Q to have an ionic head ?
..
( 1M )
( e ) State two ways that P and Q act as cleaning agents.
..
..
( 2M )
( f ) What additives enable Q to remove blood stains ?
..
( 1M )
( g ) Explain how additives such as phosphate pollute environment.
..
( 1M )

3. The following equation shows the industrial preparation of ammonia.

N2( g )

3H2 ( g )

Catalyst X

2NH3 ( g )

( a ) ( i ) What will happen if red litmus paper is used to test an aqueous solution of ammonia ?
..
( 1M )
( ii ) State the characteristic of ammonia that gives the result in ( a ) ( i ).
.
( 1M )
( b ) Name the process shown above.

( 1M )
( c ) ( i ) What is catalyst X ?

( 1M )
( ii ) State a suitable temperature and pressure for the reaction shown above.
Temperature : Pressure : .
( 2M )
( d ) Ammonia can be used to produce fertilisers such as ammonium sulphate, as shown below:
Ammonia

Substance P Ammonium sulphate

( i ) Write the formula for ammonium sulphate.

( 1M )
( ii ) What is substance P ?
.
( 1M )
( iii ) State two other uses of ammonia apart from making fertilisers.
..
..
( 2M )

4. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of heat on the rate of the reaction between
sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid. The time taken for the formation of a fixed
quantity of sulphur was recorded. The results of the experiment were recorded as shown in Table2
Temperature ( oC )

30

40

50

55

60

Time taken for the formation of

a fixed quantity of sulphur ( s )
1 / time ( s-1)

48

19

11

10

8.5

Table 2
( a ) What was the colour of sulphur formed ?
..
( 1M )
( b ) What is meant by the rate of reaction in this experiment ?
..
..
( 1M )
( c ) Write an equation for the reaction which occurred in this experiment.
..
( 1M )
( d )( i ) Complete Table 2 by writing the values of 1/time.
( 2M )
( ii ) Draw a graph of 1/ time against temperature on a graph paper.
( 3M )
( iii ) The rate of reaction is directly proportional to 1/ time. Based on your graph, what inference
can be drawn concerning the rate of reaction and temperature.
..
..
( 1M )
( e ) State the variable which is fixed in the above experiment .
..
..
..
( 2M )

5. Diagram 1 shows the preparation of lead(II) carbonate salt and its conversion into several other
substances.
Reaction I
Substance K

Reaction II
Lead (II) carbonate

Solid L + gas M

+ Sodium carbonate
solution
Diagram !
( a ) Substance K is a white solid that dissolves in water to form a colourless aqueous solution.
( i ) Identify substance K.
..
( 1M )
( ii ) Name the reaction between the aqueous solution of substance K and the sodium carbonate
Solution in Reaction I.
..
( 1M )
( iii ) Write a balanced chemical equation for Reaction I.
..
( 2M )
( b ) A student conducted Reaction I by adding 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium carbonate solution to
An excess aqueous solution of substance K. Calculate the mass of lead ( II ) carbonate that is
Collected from the reaction.

( 3M )
( c ) When reaction II is conducted on solid lead(II) carbonate, solid L and gas M are obtained. Solid L
is brown when hot but yellow when cold.
( i ) What are solid L and gas M ?
Solid L :.. Gas M :..
( 2M )
( ii ) How would you test for the presence of gas M in the laboratory ? State the observation.
..
..
( 2M )

6. The following equation represents the reaction which occurs when chlorine gas is passed into a
solution of potassium iodide.
Cl2 ( g )

2KI ( aq ) 2KCl ( aq )

I2 ( s )

( a ) State one observation which can be made in this experiment.

..
( 1M )
( b ) Give one test to confirm the formation of iodine in the above reaction.
..
(2M )
( c ) What type of reaction has potassium iodide undergone ?
..
( 1M )
( d ) Write a half equation for the change which has occurred in chlorine.
..
( 1M )
( e ) Write an ionic equation for the above reaction.
..
( 1M )
( f )( i ) Name the reducing agent in the above reaction.
..
( 1M )
( ii ) Give one reason for your answer in ( f ) ( i ).
..
( 1M )
( g ) In another experiment, zinc powder is mixed with silver nitrate solution and the mixture is left
to stand for 1 hour.
( i ) State one expected observation.
..
( 1M )
( ii ) Write an equation for the reaction in ( g ) ( i ).
..
( 1M )

1. Diagram 1 shows the series of reactions that involve lead compound.

Lead ( II ) nitrate

Heat

Add dilute
Hydrochloric acid

White precipitate M

Solid J

Mixture of gases K and L

Add dilute
nitric acid

Solution N

Diagram 1

( a ) Name solid J.

( b ) What is the colour of solid J when hot and when cold ?

.
( c ) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when lead(II) nitrate is heated.
..
( d ) Name white precipitate M.
.
( e ) State a chemical test to identify the presence of the cation in solution N.

( f ) Explain briefly how you can obtain a dry sample of salt N from solution N.
...

..

PP2011

2, Diagram 2 shows the flow chart for the chemical changes that occurs to a carbonate salt, P.

ZnO +

CO2

II

Zn(NO3)2

H2O

Diagram 2
Based on Diagram 2,
( a ) Name salt P ?
.
( b )( i ) State the colour of zinc oxide, ZnO during Process I.
Hot

Cold

( ii ) Carbon dioxide gas, CO2 that released in Process I is bubbled into lime water. State the
observation.

( c ) Zinc oxide, ZnO is dissolved in the nitric acid, HNO3 in Process II.
( i ) Name the type of reaction in Process II.

( ii ) State the colour of the salt solution produced.

..
( iii ) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
..
( d ) Describe a method to confirm the cation in salt P.
..
..
..
Kelantan 2011

3.( a ) Salts can be prepared by the following methods:

Method A : Neutralisation reaction between base and acid
Method B : Double decomposition reaction involving two solutions of soluble salts.

A student carried out an experiment to prepare two salts, lead(II) sulphate and copper(II) sulphte.
( i ) Which method is used to prepare
Lead ( II ) sulphate:.
Copper ( II ) sulphate :
( ii ) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of copper( II ) sulphate based on the method in
( a ) ( i ).
..
( iii ) State the observation during the preparation of lead(II) sulphate.
..
( b ) ( i ) Draw the apparatus set-up to show how the decomposition of zinc carbonate can be carried
out in the laboratory. Include in your diagram how to test for the gas released.

( ii ) Zinc carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate. The chemical equation for
the reaction is shown below.
ZnCO3

H2SO4 ZnSO4

CO2

H2O

7.5g zinc carbonate reacts completely with excess sulphuric acid. Calculate the mass of zinc sulphate
produced. ( R.A. M. : Zn, 65 ; C, 12 ; S, 32 : O, 16 ; H, 1 )
Perak 2011