Theory Notes- Secondary 3 Express

Chemistry (Syllabus 5072)

Name: _________________________________ ( ) Secondary

3( )

11.5: Types of Oxides

• An oxide is a compound of oxygen and another element.

• There are 4 different types of oxides.

I. ___________________________
II. ___________________________
III. ___________________________
IV. ___________________________

TYPES OF OXIDES

Non- Metallic Metallic Oxides

Oxides

Eg: Eg: Eg: Eg:

• Metallic oxides are formed between metals and oxygen.

• Non- metallic oxides are formed between non-metals and oxygen

Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. –Jim Rohn

1
 Theory Notes- Secondary 3 Express
Chemistry (Syllabus 5072)

Non- Metallic Oxides

(I) Neutral Oxides

• Neutral oxides are non-metallic oxides that show neither acidic nor basic
properties.

• They include water (________), carbon monoxide (_______),

and nitrogen monoxide (_______).

(II) Acidic Oxides

• Acidic oxides are all non- metallic oxides except water, nitrogen monoxide
and water.

(III)
1.Basic
Most Oxides
acidic oxides dissolve in water to form an acid.
Examples
• Basic oxides include many of the metallic oxides except zinc oxide,
aluminium
Carbon oxide
dioxideand lead(II)oxide.
+ water Carbonic acid

• Most basic oxides are insoluble in water.

• Few soluble ones such as sodium oxide and potassium oxide (Group I
oxides) dissolve readily in water. They are called ________________.
Sulfur dioxide + water Sulfurous acid [sulfuric(IV)
acid]
1. Basic oxides which are soluble in water form alkalis.
Examples

Sodium oxide + Water Sodium hydroxide

Sulfur trioxide + water Sulfuric acid
Metallic Oxides

Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. –Jim Rohn

Potassium oxide + Water Potassium hydroxide

• Silicon(IV) oxide is a solid at room temperature and does not dissolve in
water.

2.Calcium
Acidic oxide
oxides react alkalis
[quicklime] + to form a salt and
Water water.
Calcium hydroxide
[lime water]

2
 Theory Notes- Secondary 3 Express
Chemistry (Syllabus 5072)

(IV) Amphoteric Oxides

• Amphoteric oxides show both basic and acidic properties. (Reacts with
BOTH acids and bases to form salts and water)

• Amphoteric
Discipline isoxides include
the bridge zinc oxide
between goals (_______), aluminium oxide
and accomplishments. (________)
–Jim Rohn
and

Lead (II) oxide (_______).

1. They behave like basic oxides with acids.

Examples

Zinc oxide + Sulfuric acid _____________________ +

___________

2. They behave like acidic oxides with alkalis.

Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. –Jim Rohn 3
Examples

Zinc oxide + Sodium Hydroxide _______________________ +

Theory Notes- Secondary 3 Express
Chemistry (Syllabus 5072)

UNKNOWN
OXIDE
Is the oxide soluble in
acid?

Soluble Insoluble

Is the oxide soluble in

alkali?

Soluble Insoluble Soluble Insoluble

Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. –Jim Rohn

Test Yourself 11.4

11.6: Sulfur dioxide and Sulfuric Acid

Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. –Jim Rohn 4
 Theory Notes- Secondary 3 Express
Chemistry (Syllabus 5072)

Properties and Uses of Sulfur dioxide.

1. As a bleaching agent
• Decolourises coloured compounds (turns them pale or white)
• Bleaches coloured compound by removing oxygen from substances
known as reducing agents.
Eg: Wood pulp used for making paper. The pulp is coloured due to the
presence of
dyes which contains oxygen. Sulfur dioxide bleaches the pulp by
removing oxygen from the dyes.

2. As a food preservative
Properties and Uses
• Sulfur dioxideof Sulfuric to
is poisonous Acid.
all organisms especially bacteria.
• Added in small amounts to inhibit growth of moulds and bacteria.
1. Manufacture
• Amountsof are
fertilisers.
sufficient to kill bacteria but not humans.
• Produce fertilisers such as ammonium sulphate (___________) and
• Amounts to be added are strictly controlled.
superphosphate.

3. Manufacturing sulfuric
Ammonia + sulfuric acid
acid ammonium sulfate + water
S (s)2NH
+ O3(aq)
2 (g) + H2SO4 (aq) SO 2 (g) (NH4)2SO4 (aq)
SO2 (g) + O2 (g) SO3 (g)
SO3 Calcium
(g) + H2SO 4 (l)
phosphate H2S2acid
+ sulfuric O7 (l) calcium dihydrogen
H2S2phosphate
O7 (l) + H2O (l)
+ water 2 H 2SO 4(l)
Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) Ca(H2PO4)2 (s) + 2CaSO4 (s)

2. Manufacture of detergents
• Treat hydrocarbons to first yield an organic acid.
• Acid is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution to produce the
detergent.

Hydrocarbon + conc. sulfuric acid organic acid

Organic acid + sodium hydroxide detergent

3. As battery acid in cars

• Lead plates and lead(IV) oxide plates are also fitted in the batteries.
• Reaction of sulfuric acid, lead and lead(IV) oxide generates electrical
energy.
• Electrical
Discipline energy
is the used
bridge to start
between carand
goals engine.
accomplishments. –Jim Rohn 5

4. Making synthetic fibres

5. Making paints and pigments.
Theory Notes- Secondary 3 Express
Chemistry (Syllabus 5072)

Test Yourself 11.5

Task: Textbook Pg 191

Exercise 11