UNIDAD 6.

Objectives icon_target

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What did you do over the weekend? Functions Objectives Talking about past events in everyday colloquial English Talking about customary weekend recreational activities Use various types of question and answer forms in the past tense: yes/no and whquestions and affirmative/negative answers Use the past tense forms of verbs of common everyday use Use vocabulary related to weekend activities

How did the cricket match go? icon_reading

--week006_002

FRANK: How did the cricket match go on Saturday, Tom? TOM: I don t want to talk about it, we lost by 100 runs. FRANK: 100 runs! Who did you play, the local kindergarten school? TOM: (sarcastically) Ha! Ha! Very funny. We played against "amateurs" who looked more like professionals or semi/professionals to me. FRANK: Where did they get their players? TOM: Well, there were some people of Indian and Pakistani origin on their team a nd they were probably from first-rate teams over there.

FRANK: Did you score many runs yourself? TOM: No, I was bowled out on the first ball. FRANK: What! and you are the team s top scorer! What happened? TOM: It was an old trick. The bowler came up from behind my team-mate at the oth er end and I couldn t see him until he threw the ball. I missed it. FRANK: What did you do about that? TOM: I protested, of course, but the official paid no attention. FRANK: Oh, come on. You re just angry because your team lost. TOM: Angry, yes. But not because we lost. They broke the rules, not us. We didn t break the rules.

Practice icon_redbook icon_vocab

--Select the right word to provide a synonym for the following words. These words correspond to the underlined words in the previous reading:

1.We lost by 100 points.

2. We played against non-professional players

3.The players were from professional teams

4.Did you make many runs?

5.You are the team s best player.

6.One of my fellow players was injured

Practice 1 icon_reading

--Select True or False

1. Tom is not happy with the result of the cricket match.

2. Tom s team didn t win.

3. The rival team had professional players.

4. Tom is a good cricket player.

5. Tom thinks the other team was dishonest.

6. Tom is very angry because his team lost.

7. The local kindergarten cricket team is better than Tom s team.

8. Tom s team lost badly.

More go + gerund: weekend activities

icon_vocab

--In Week 5 we learned to use the combination go + gerund to refer to recreational activities performed during a trip or short vacation. In every-day English, though, the verb GO is used in several combinati ons to talk about activities people normally do in their free time, specially on weekends: Weekend activities

Go for + noun/noun phrase a walk a cup of coffee drinks We went for a cup of coffee in the afternoon

to + noun/noun phrase the park the beach the game They went to the cricket match on Saturday out for + noun dinner lunch They went out for dinner on Friday gerund shopping dancing jogging They went jogging in the morning

Practice 2 icon_vocab

--Fill in the following blanks with an activity from the list:

to the beach out for lunch swimming for a cup of coffee jogging for a walk shopping to the Opera

1. We went in the park.

2. They went in Fort Lauderdale.

3. They went at 12:30 p.m.

4. I went for a new pair of shoes last Saturday.

5. We went yesterday! It was an excellent workout.

6. They went The saw Aida, but didn t like it much.

7. The children went in the pool yesterday.

8. My friends went in Starbuck s.

Negative Statements in Past Tense icon_grammar

--In week 5 you learned about forming the simple past tense form of regular verbs. You also learned that irregular verbs have a different verb form for the simple past. In this week you will learn to make n egative statements in the past tense. Changing from an affirmative to a negative statement in the past tense is very s imple, all you have to do is use the auxiliary did + not, or its contracted form, didn t + the simple form of your verb: They broke the rules We didn t break the rules

This is true with all subjects, singular and plural, and all verbs, regular and irregular:

I had I didn t have I didn t have fun at the game You came You didn t come You didn t come to the movies She went She didn t go She didn t go dancing on Friday We liked We didn t like We didn t like that restaurant You went You didn t go You didn t go out for dinner They stayed They didn t stay They didn t stay until the end

except the verb to be:

I was I wasn t I wasn t home on Saturday You were You weren t

She/he/it was He wasn t He wasn t happy about the result We were We weren t

You were You weren t

They were They weren t They weren t at the game on Sunday

Practice 3 icon_grammar

--Fill in the blanks to make the following sentences negative:

1. Tom s team (won)

2. The rival team (had) professional players.

3. My father (was) a good soccer player.

4. The other team (was) dishonest.

5. Mitchell (scored) the winning goal.

6. The children (went) swimming in the pool all afternoon.

7. Tom s sister (came) to visit last night.

8. We (found) bargain prices and sales at the mall!

Yes/No questions in Past Tense icon_grammar

--To make a yes / no question, start with did, then the subject, then the simple form of your verb: Affirmative Yes/No question word order

Did + subject + simple form

Had Did you have? Did you have fun at the game? Came Did you come? Did you come home late on Saturday? Went Did you go? Did you go to the movies last weekend? Stay Did you stay? Did you stay home on Friday night?

Was/were Was/were + subject Was she at home ? No auxiliary is necessary Were you at the game? Take the place of the auxiliary

(before the subject)

Sometimes, you also have to change the subject, to do this, what you normally do is use a different noun or pronoun: The team lost the game Did they lose the game? I had fun at the game Did you have fun at the game?

Practice 4 icon_grammar

--Complete the following yes/no questions. Fill in the blanks with did + subject + simple form of the verb in parenthesis:

1. (go) to the beach yesterday? Yes, they went to the beach yesterday.

2. (see)the tennis match on Television? No, I didn t. I saw the results on the news last night.

3. (go) out for lunch at 12:00? No, she went out for lunch at 12:30 p.m.

4. (find) the new pair of shoes she wanted? Yes, she did. She found a beautiful pair of shoes at The ShoeOutlet.

5. (sleep) late on Sunday? Yes, he slept until 11 a.m.

6. (watch) television last night? No, I didn t. I rented a movie instead.

7. (have) breakfast at the new cafeteria around the corner? Yes, I did. I had pancakes and scrambled eggs. It was very good!

8. (get) the new book they were looking for? No, they didn t. It was sold out.

Answering Yes / No questions icon_grammar

--week006_011

Let s take this question: Did you go to the movies?

To answer, start with: Yes, + affirmative Yes, I went to the movies Or No, + negative No, I didn t go to the movies

A short answer is also possible, and very common when speaking:

Did you go to the movies?

Yes, I did No, I didn t

Answering Yes / No questions icon_grammar

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week006_011

Let s take this question: Did you go to the movies?

To answer, start with: Yes, + affirmative Yes, I went to the movies Or No, + negative No, I didn t go to the movies

A short answer is also possible, and very common when speaking:

Did you go to the movies?

Yes, I did No, I didn t

Wh- Questions in Simple Past icon_grammar

--Wh- questions are also called information questions, and they are used

to get information that you don t know. Wh-questions in the past tense are formed as follows: You can make a Wh- question to get information that is either in the subject or the predicate of your answer. Let s take the following answer:

Luis talked to Gina in the garage SUBJECT PREDICATE

If you want to know who talked to Gina, then you re looking for information that is in the subject of your answer. But if you want to know where they talked, then your information is in the predicate of your answer. This is important because wh- questions are formed in two different ways, depending on the part of the answer (subject or predicate) where the desired information is.

Questions about the subject icon_grammar

--week006_013

To make a question about the subject, simply add who to the beginning of your yes / no question. Then remove the subject. Note: the subject becomes part of your answer. Look at the following example:

Did Luis talk to Gina in the garage? Who talked to Gina in the garage? Luis talked to Gina in the

garage

Questions about the predicate icon_grammar

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week006_014

To make a Wh- question about the predicate, simply add a wh- word (what, where, when, how, how much, etc) to the beginning of your yes / no question. Note: the rest of your yes / no question disappears and becomes part of your answer. Look at the following examples: Did you go out dinner? When did you go out to dinner? I went to dinner yesterday.

Were you at the mall on Saturday afternoon? Where were you on Saturday afternoon ? I was at the mall.

Practice 5 icon_grammar

--Complete these questions. Fill in the blanks with the auxiliary did + a verb in simple form or with the verb in simple past. Read the answers carefully to get clues about what to ask.

What you ?

We ate pizza.

Where your parents ?

My parents went to a concert.

When the game ?

The game started at five o clock

Who the most goals?

They did! Our team lost 7 to 1. What a waste!

Practice 5 icon_grammar

--Complete these questions. Fill in the blanks with the auxiliary did + a verb in simple form or with the verb in simple past. Read the answers carefully to get clues about what to ask.

Which restaurant he to?

He went to the Italian restaurant across the street from our apartment.

What you on Sunday?

We didn t do anything, we watched TV all day.

When the children swimming?

They went swimming on Friday.

Where the students . last Friday?

The students went to a party in South Beach

Practice 6 icon_grammar

--Anna is talking to her friend Martha about what she did over the weekend. Fill i n the blanks with the verb in parenthesis in affirmative, negative or question form. (-) indicates negative, ex. go (-) = didn t go.

Anna: I (have) a great time last weekend. Let me tell you about it! On Friday ni ght we (go) to the movies.

Martha: Oh, yes? What (see) ?

Anna: We (see) a French movie with Gerard Depardieu. It (be) very funny.

Then on Saturday, I (have) (-) to clean my room because a maid came and dit it f or me. At noon, I went out for lunch with my friends from the Gym.We (go) to this new Ethiopian restaurant downtown.

Martha: I know. It (open) last month. Is it any good?

Anna: Yes, very. The food is different, though Martha: I imagine, What (have) ?

Anna: Well, we (have) a little bit of everything. We (order) a sample dish that included different kinds of meats, poultry and vegetables.

Martha: WOW! Sounds good! What about Sunday? Anna: Sunday was the best. My friend from Chicago (come) by surprise and (take) me out shopping.

Then we went for dinner and then dancing until I (drop) It was a lot of fun. We really had a blast!!!!!

Speaking icon_pronun

--icon_mail

Answer the following questions about your routine weekend activities. Write complete sentences on the clipboard and save them on a text document. Then record your answers and send them to your instructor by mail. 1. What did you do on Friday night? 2. What did you do on Saturday morning? 3. Did you go out to dinner on Saturday night? 4. Did you sleep late on Sunday? 4. When was the last time you went to the movies? 5. What was the last movie you rented? When? 6. Did you go swimming last week? 8. Who did you go out with last week?

Writing icon_cohe

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1. Fill in the blanks with the right word from the list: points score arrangements sunburns amateurs rough trip vacancy

1. We asked everywhere, but there was no We had to sleep in the car.

2. Our team is excellent, but today they played like .

3. We tried hard, but we didn t The other team won.

4. The journey was very There was a storm and the ship moved like crazy.

5. On my next vacation, I want to take a to the Galapagos.

6. She is making for her trip. She has already made hotel and flight reservation s. Now she is looking for a nice guided tour of the city.

7. Wearing sunblock is the only way to prevent .

8. Our soccer team is 3 from the top team.

1. Modals of Advice icon_grammar

--Select the right modal of advice according to the situation:

1. I think you take dancing lessons.

2. The teacher said I pay more attention in class.

3. His boss told him he finish the report by tonight.

4. I think he finish the report, or he will be fired.

5. I think they clean up their apartment. It s very messy!

6. I think you do your homework before your mother tells you again.

2. Modals of Advice icon_grammar

--Complete the following sentences with a modal of advice and a verb from the list : (-) indicates the modal verb is in negative form: shoudn t / d better not wear lock hurry do stay

be buy change

1. My grandma believes that modern parents more strict with their children.

2. You or you will miss your train.

3. I think she a daily planner. She s always forgetting things!

4. I think you those shoes to school. They are not black and the uniform require s black shoes.

5. Come on, you this. You will regret it afterwards

6. He the oil in his car. It s been more than 10000 miles since he last did it

7. I think you the car s door. This neighborhood is not safe anymore!

8. He looks horrible! He in bed and drink this soup I made for him.

3. Imperatives

icon_cohe

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icon_mail

Off line: Prepare a list of ten things a person should do when driving from one destination to another. Write ten commands using the imperative. Send the list to your instructor by mail.

week007_008

5. Past Tense icon_grammar

--Complete the following conversation. Use affirmative past tense verbs and questi ons with the auxiliary Did / did + simple form of the verb:

Alice: Tell me about your cruise! John: It (be) fantastic. We (have) a great time.

Alice: What you (do) ?

John: Well, first we (go) to Key West.

We (get) off and (go) for a walk.

We went to some of the museums and (have) lunch in a Brazilian restaurant there.

Alice: you go to the beach?

Martha: No, we didn t. We didn t have time. We (be) at the beach many times during t he cruise. We went to a beautiful beach at the Mayan Riviera.We even (go) swimming with sea animals, som e stingrays and dolphins. It was magnificent!

John: WOW! That must have been great. What about water sports? you practice any of them?

Alice: Yes, We went skiing and parasailing. We also went snorkeling. It was real ly unforgettable.

Writing icon_cohe

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READING COMPREHENSION icon_redbook icon_reading

--CRICKET For the average American, the green insect which vibrates its back legs to make a shrill sound is much more familiar than the English summer game of the same name. The only thing they have in common is that they are both a summer phenomenon. The American observer is puzzled at what seems to be a static, immobile game whe re only one person moves: the bowler. The bowler s objective is to throw (bowl) the ball and hit thre e perpendicular sticks which they call a wicket at a distance of about 4 to 5 meters. If he hits the wick et with the ball then the defending player is out and the players on the opposing team shout in obvious deli ght. The only problem is that a man with a cricket bat is in front of the wicket and tries to hit the ball. If he connects, he runs to the other end, in a straight line, while the other player a t the other end does the same. Every time they reach the opposite end of the pitch they score a run (only one b etween the two of them).

Meanwhile the opposing players scramble to get the ball back to the playing are a.. If the player who hit the ball, or his team mate, does not arrive at the wicket before an opposing team pl ayer touches the wicket with the ball in his hand, that player is "out." Then the next of the 11 members of t he team comes out to take his place.

Note : Click on the Red Book for a Vocabulary

Practice icon_reading

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UNIDADES 8.Objectives icon_target

--OH! My Back! Functions Objectives Talking about illnesses, ailments and injuries.

Talking about body parts and symptoms, aches, pains and sore parts. Use verbs of obligation as related to taking prescriptions and medicines Use have/have got to designate symptoms and ailments. Use prepositional phrases and adverbs of frequency to

specify amount and frequency.

OH! My Back icon_reading

--week008_002

A visit to the doctor. (Jill and husband Mike Pickles are at home) JILL: Oh, my back! It hurts when I stand up. MIKE: You shouldn t be bending down so much. You do that all day at work. JILL: I know. I was bending down yesterday when I felt a sharp pain in my back. Now, I have a constant backache. MIKE: I think you ought to see a doctor. You should change your job, too. I m worried about the headaches you re suffering from these days. JILL : Me, too. Well, maybe you re right. I wasn t suffering from these headaches before I started working there.

(Next day in the waiting room at the doctor s) (Jill is talking to a patient) YOUNG WOMAN: ..Yes, the doctor says I ve got to keep out of the sun. I was lying on the beach for some time when I my back

began to itch. Now its red and sore and itching again. It was

itching all night until my husband put some ice on it.My eyes are also sore from the salt water. It s getting me down. JILL: Poor girl, you shouldn t overdo the beach or else you will get a bad sunburn. I ve got problems with my back . DOCTOR: (appearing suddenly) Next patient, please! (In the doctor s office) DOCTOR: Tell me where it hurts Mrs Pickles. (He begins to poke her gently in the back) JILL: Yaaaaghhh! DOCTOR: Hmm! The pain is located here under the solar plexus. It looks like you need to rest for a while. I ll give you some medicine to take but you need to rest more than anything. Are you suffering from headaches or any soreness in your body? JILL: Yes, doctor, I feel quite sore in my joints at the end of the day. DOCTOR: Well, I think you re overdoing it, Mrs Pickles. You need at least a month off from work. JILL: But doctor, I need the money! DOCTOR: Can t you get a less strenuous job? JILL: I don t know, I ll try. DOCTOR: You ought to try, Mrs Pickles. One s health comes first.

Practice 1 icon_redbook icon_vocab

--Fill in the blanks with a synonym or an equivalent expression of the underlined words from the reading. nic the right nic from the list below:

exhausting discomfort irritated to relax nicial e with wellbeing is painful tickle and prickle

1.It when I stand up.

2. My back began to

3. Now my back is red and and itching again.

4. You shouldn t the beach or else you will get a sunburn.

5. You need more than anything.

6. Are you suffering from headaches or any in your body?

7. Can t you get a less job?

8. One s comes first!

Review: Modals of Advice icon_grammar

--week008_006

In week 3 you leaned to use modal verbs (should, ought to, had better) to give advice. These modal verbs, in addition to need to, are particularly useful, and quite common, in the context of a doctor who tells a patient how to take a medicine or take care of an injury. Look at these examples from the reading:

You shouldn t be bending down so much! I think you ought to see a doctor. You should change your job, too. I ll give you some medicine to take but you need to rest more than anything.

As you can see from the examples above, modal verbs are always followed by another verb in simple form: be, see and rest, in this case.

Practice 3 icon_grammar

--Here are some symptoms and their corresponding advice or solution. Fill in the blanks with the modal of advice in parenthesis + the simple form of one of these verbs: to look to see to wear to take to rub to drink to go to take

Model: I have a stomachache. You (should) should take a few drops of this medicine.

1.I hurt my foot and it is painful to wear shoes. You (should) sandals

2. I have a sunburn. My back itches. You (need to) your back with this soothing lotion twice a day.

3. I have a bad cold. You (need to) plenty of water.

4. I suffer from recurrent headaches. You (ought to) a specialist.

5. His job is strenuous and poorly paid. He (should) for another job.

6. Here is the prescription for your allergy. You (need to) these pills three times a day.

7. I feel so bad I can t even open my eyes! You ( d better) home and get some rest.

8. I have a fever and a sore throat. You (need to) these antibiotics with every meal.

Prepositional Phrases and Adverbs of Frequency icon_redbook icon_grammar

--Prepositional Phrases: Prepositional Phrases are an important component of the English language. They consist of a preposition (Prep) (Click on the Red book for common prepositions ) and its object (Obj. of the Prep.), normally anoun or pronoun: In the

morning Prep

Obj. of the Prep. (noun)

Prepositional phrases are used to give important information, such as time (at 3 o clock), place (in the doctor s office), duration (for a week), etc. In the particular situation we re dealing with in this unit: taking about symptoms and taking prescriptions, prepositional phrases come in very

handy to indicate amount and frequency. Look at the following examples: In the morning/afternoon/evening With food/water At night Before/after meals/going to bed Between meals

nicial of Frequency icon_grammar

--Adverbs of frequency indicate how often something happens. They are very useful to indicate how often you suffer from an illness or ailment. This frequency ranges from 100% (always) to 0% (never): I always get a cold during the winter I never get a cold during the winter

Or in between: Frequently I frequently get a cold during the winter Generally I generally get a cold during the winter Sometimes I sometimes get a cold during the winter Seldom I seldom get a cold during the winter Rarely

I rarely get a cold during the winter

These words and expressions are also used to indicate frequency:

Twice a day You need to take these pills twice a day 3 times a day You need to rub this on your neck 3 times a day 4 days a week You need to exercise 4 times a week Every 3 hours You need to take this medicine every 3 hours: at 12:00, at 3:00, at 6:00 and so on.

Speaking icon_pronun

--icon_mail

Complete the following dialogue. Make a printout of it and write your answers. Record your answers and send them to your instructor by mail. Be prepared to engage in similar conversation during class. You: Choose a symptom from the vocabulary section and tell the doctor about it. Start with I have . Doctor: When did this start/happen? You: Say it started/happened a week ago. Doctor: How did this happen? You: Explain how. A) Choose one of the following: you hurt your . / got a cold / stayed in the sun too long / exercised/ate too much, or b) state your own explanation

Doctor: Do you have any other symptoms? You: Say you also have . (tell about another symptom)

Doctor: How many times has this happened? You: Say it happened twice during the week (The doctor gives you a prescription and tells you how to take the medicine: ) Doctor: I m going to give you a prescription. You should take this medicine every 4 hours, with food. You: Ask if you should take the medicine every 5 hours. Doctor: No, not every 5 hours. Every 4 hours. You: Ask for how long. Doctor: For two weeks

Practice 7 icon_redbook icon_grammar

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Match the following parts of the body as parts that ccording to the context.

ache [eik] or are

sore [ sor ] a

Refer back to Practice 1. EXAMPLE A: Oh, my throat , it hurts when I swallow. B: Oh, sorry to hear you have a sore throat.

1. A: Oh, I that pizza was so good, but my poor stomach, oowww! B: You have a I m so sorry.

2. A: Oh swimming in the ocean was great but, oow!, my eyes. B: Oh, and they are red too. You have that s too bad.

3. A: Oh, my molar hurts. I must go to the dentist s. B: I feel for you, a is terrible.

4. A: Please, that music s so loud!! My poor head. I need an aspirin. B: Oh, you have a , I m sorry.

5. A: Ouch! That hurts. When I lift things my back hurts. B: Yes, you have a don t lift things.

6. A: Oh these shoes. I must take them off, they re hurting me. B: Yes, new shoes can give you .

A dialogue using functions icon_cohe

--Write a dialogue with the following functions. (Situation: your knee hurts you a nd you see the doctor).

DOCTOR : Ask the patient how s/he feels. YOUR NAME: Respond(Don t mention your knee) DOCTOR: Ask what the problem is. YOU: Explain that your knee hurts. DOCTOR: (looks at the knee) Explain that the knee is swollen but it s not serious. YOU: Ask the doctor what s/he recommends. DOCTOR: He recommends (You should .) that you rest and take aspirin. YOU: Ask how often you should take the aspirin. DOCTOR: Recommend three times a day after meals. YOU: Thank the doctor. DOCTOR: Respond Write the complete dialogue and send it by e-mail to your instru ctor.