BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS

Niranjana.S.Karandikar
Msc-1 Roll No.12

CONTENTS
History Significance Of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Factors affecting Bloodstain Pattern formation Formation Of Bloodstain patterns Droplet Dynamics In Flight Droplet Dynamics on Impact Determination Of Point of Origin

HISTORY
1894 - Pitorowski wrote earliest reference to bloodstain pattern analysis 1939 - Balthazard was first to use physical interpretations of stains 1955 - Dr. Paul Kirk used bloodstain pattern interpretation as a defense witness in the Sam Shepherd case 1971 - Professor Herbert MacDonnell promoted bloodstain pattern interpretation as a tool for modern Criminalistics. He is also known as Father of modern Bloodstain Pattern Analysis 1983 The International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis was formed

SIGNIFICANCE
Origin(s) of bloodstain Distance of bloodstain from target Direction from which blood impacted Speed with which blood left its source Position of victim & assailant Movement of victim & assailant Number of blows/shots The angle at which a blood droplet struck a surface DNA Crime Scene Reconstruction Handedness of assailant

FACTORS AFFECTING FORMATION OF PATTERNS

Gravity Surface Tension Nature Of Surface Force Height Angle Of Impact

As Height increases, the diameter of the stain also increases (Angle of impact kept constant at 90degree)

Droplet shape at different Angles of Impact(Height kept constant)

DROPLET DYNAMICS IN FLIGHT

Factors: Size Air Resistance Viscosity

OSCILLATORY MOTION OF DROP IN FLIGHT

prolate

oblate

Direction Of Motion

DROPLET DYNAMICS ON IMPACT

Contact/Collapse Displacement Dispersion Retraction

DETERMINATION OF POINT OF ORIGIN

Convergence of lines drawn through the longer axis of the stain in opposite direction of travel Angle Of Impact Sin = width Length (=angle of impact)

Area of Convergence

CONTD.
3D methods Manual Strings,lasers Softwares Trajectories, developed by Dr.Alfred Carter,1987 Backtrack, Dr.Alfred Carter No More Strings developed by Miller Forensic Software of San Jose,CA in the year 1990

Determination of Point of Origin using softwares

REFERENCES

Bevel, T., Gardner, M. R., Bloodstain Pattern Analysis with an Introduction to Crime Scene Reconstruction, Third Edition. , CRC Press, New York. Genge,N.E., The science of Crime Scene Investigation The Forensic Casebook., Ballantine Books, New York. James, S.H and Nordby, J.J.. (2003) Forensic Science : An introduction to scientific and investigative techniques., CRC Press, USA. Segel,J.A., Saukko,P.J., Encyclopedia Of Forensic Sciences., Academia Imprint MacDonell, Herbert L.,Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation,Laboratory of Forensic Sciences,Corning NY,1982,pg.4. McDonald,J.E.,The shape of Raindrops,Scientic american,Vol.190,No.2,February 1954 Slemko J (2005). Bloodstain pattern Analysis Tutorial. -Internet

Available on : http://www.bloodspatter.com/bloodstain-tutorial-page-3

Image Courtesy:How Stuff Works-Internet

Available on : http://science.howstuffworks.com/bloodstain-patternanalysis1.htm

THANK YOU