Annotated Bibliography Lee, J. R., & Nass, C. (2012, January).

Distinctiveness-based stereotype threat and the moderating role of coaction contexts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, Issue1, 192-199. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002210311100179X Avatars were used to show how individuals in minority social situations perform better when operating in a cooperative, rather than competitive, environment. The results showed better emotional as well as psychological effects. Anderson, S. (n.d.). 10 Ways to use avatars in education | digital learning environments. Digital Learning Environments: Tools and Technologies for Effective Classrooms. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.guide2digitallearning.com/teaching_learning/10_ways_use_ avatars_education This brief guide explains various ways virtual individuals can be used to present information or engaging interaction to learning experiences. although this is mainly for students, it deserves notice for the surprise value in gaining the interest of adults as well. Brooks-Young, S. (2002). Standard V: Assessment and Evaluation. Making Technology Standards Work for You (Second edition ed., p. 211). Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education. Retrieved October 12, 2013, from
http://www.iste.org/docs/excerpts/MATEC2-excerpt.pdf

This is a guide for school administrators to use in the process of integrating technology use. The section cited refers to encouraging the effective use of technology by teachers in their daily practice. Staff should become proficient in finding and using the appropriate digital tools for their profession. Okita, S. Y ., Turkay, S., Kim, M., & Murai, Y . (2013, April). Learning by teaching with virtual peers and the effects of technological design choices on learning. Computers & Education, 63, 176-196. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131512002898 Researchers here had several hypothesis in mind to see how individuals using avatars in Second Life learned a subject better. One supported concept was that teaching and observing another individual helped more than studying alone, watching someone else learn, or the availability of design choices. Qi, M., & Boyle, T. (2010). Dimensions of Culturally Sensitive Factors in the Design and Development of Learning Objects. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2010(Special issue on Open Educational Resources). Retrieved September 15, 2013, from http://wwwjime.open.ac.uk/article/2010-6/pdf This paper deals with the concern of cultural sensitivity in the design of electronic educational items so that they will be usable in more

circumstances. The four sensitive areas considered are: knowledge; pedagogy; access; and technology. Runhaar, P., Konermann, J., & Sanders, K. (2013). Teachers' organizational citizenship behaviour: Considering the roles of their work engagement, autonomy and leader member exchange. Teaching and Teacher Education, 30, 99-108. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0742051X12001540 This study of 211 teachers showed that the more involved teachers are in their work, the more helpful they are within the organization. The sense of autonomy in effectively teaching students has been undermined in recent years with increasing exterior demands from detached entities put upon them. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2009). Does school context matter? Relations with teacher burnout and job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(3), 518-524. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0742051X08002163 This study was of a large population of both middle school and elementary teachers. The context of their employment was analyzed with three aspects of burnout common to this profession: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal goalsatisfaction. Two dimensions of the workplace were autonomy and autonomy time pressure for which it is suggested that "easy to use" measures be developed. South Carolina State Library - Aiken County. (n.d.). South Carolina State Library - Home. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.statelibrary.sc.gov/aiken-county A brief but rather comprehensive history of the city and county of Aiken are provided. The recollection begins in 1871 and concludes in current events including the additions of the Savannah River Site and University of South Carolina, Aiken campus. Volmer, J., Spurk, D., & Niessen, C. (2012). Leader member exchange (LMX), job autonomy, and creative work involvement. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), Pages 456465. Retrieved October 12, 2013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984311001639 This study looked at the affect of supervisory relationships and autonomy on the creativity of employees. It was found that there was a greater positive affect in the creativity and interpersonal domain when employees experienced a greater degree of selfdetermination in their tasks. Wanous, J. P., & Reichers, A. E. (2000). New employee orientation programs. Human Resource Management Review, 10(4), 435-451. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053482200000358 The idea that orientation programs, as cited being used by 64%-98% of organizations, are important for decreasing the stress for new employees of not knowing job expectations. This is related albeit

separate from socialization in a new setting in that orientation generally occurs within a shorter period of time. APA formatting by BibMe.org.