INTELIGENT LOAD SHEDDING(ILS) A N E FFE C T I V E A P P R O A C H T O LO A D

SH ED D I NG

INTRODUCTION
Load shedding is a process in which a suitable amount load is thrown off in order to maintain system stability during over loaded condition Generation- load unbalance problems Load shedding in industrial units

Problems of frequency decay

Frequency is propotional to speed Gas turbines are sensitive to frequency Low frequency problem with thermal power plants Frequency decay affects quality of industrial products Frequency below 49.5Hz make s/m unstable Is load shedding necessary

Conventional load shedding schems

1.Breaker interlock load shedding

2.Under frequecy relay load shedding

3.PLC based load shedding

Breaker interlock load shedding

Load shedding based on hardwire signal &circuit-breakers Fast load shedding Load shedding based on worst case scenario Only one stage load shedding Excessive load shedding Modification costlier

Under frequency relay load shedding

Used to drop load automatically in accordance with the pre determined schedule Fixed load reduction at fixed frequency level Upon reaching the set point &prespecified time delay the relay trips load breakers Cycle repeats until

Slow response time Incorrect or excessive load shedding Analysis knowledge is lost

PLC based load shedding

Load shedding based on Load vsnum of generator online or under frequency detection Shed a preset sequence of load Use of distributed n/w via power management s/m
Monitoring of power s/m is limited to portion of n/w s/m wide operating condition is missing from decision making process result in incorrect load shedding Priority load list

INTELLIGENT LOAD SHEDDING

Requirements of ILS s/m 1.Pre-disturbance operating conditions 2.post-disturbance operating conditions 3.Nature and duration of disturbance 4.s/m transient response to a disturbance

ILS block diagram

Functions of blocks
Knowledgebase-possess s/m dynamic behavior Advanced Monitoring Network Models Trigger List Load Shed Optimizer- computes optimal load shedding tables corresponding to system changes. Distributed Controls -utilize PLCs to rapidly execute the load shedding

W i th th e a rch i te ctu re d e scri b e d a b o ve , a n I LS sch e m e p ro vi d e s th e fo l l ow i n g b e n e fi ts: Ti m e -va ri ant l o a d sh e d d i n g ta b l e s, w h i ch re fl e ct tru e sta tu s, a n d l oadi n g co n d i ti o n s fo r th e sh e d d a b l e l o a d s. O p ti m a lco m b i n a ti o n o f sh e d d a b l e l o a d s to m a xi m i ze l o a d p re se rva ti on. Fa st re sp o n se to d i stu rb a n ce tri g g e rs ( l e ss th a n 100 m s i n m o st ca se s).

O ne l i ne di a g ra m o f o i lre fi n e ry

The i n te rn a l e l e ctri ca ln e tw o rk su p p l i e s a to ta l l oad of about 45 M W , and i s co n sti tu te d b y th e fo l l ow i ng: S u b sta ti on i n te rco n n e cti n g th e i n te rn a l el e ctri ca l syste m to th e p o w e r g ri d b y tw o , th re e -w i ndi ng tra n sfo rm e rs 3 4 . 5 / 1 3 . 8 kV ra te d a t 2 0 M V A , su p p l yi n g th re e m a i n sw i tch b o a rd s. I n te rn a l d i stri b u ti o n syste m o p e ra ti ng at 60 h e rtz o rg a n i ze d i n to m a i n di stri b u ti o n sw i tch b o a rd s, ra te d a t 1 3 . 8 kV a n d 4 . 1 6 kV , w h i ch su p p l i es l a rg e M V m o to rs a n d / o r d i stri b u ti o n fe e d e rs a s w el l a s se ve ra l l o w vo l ta g e d i stri b u ti on sw i tch b o a rd s. To ta l g e n e ra ti o n o f 1 5 M W o b ta i n e d fro m o n e g e n e ra to r ( G e n se t C ). The pl ant i s n o rm a l l y i m p o rti n g 2 3 M W fro m th e

H a rd w a re co n fi g u ra ti o n o f P LC b a se d S / m

TABLE I SHEDDABLE LOAD PRIORITY LIST Load Shed Priority Load ID MW Shed 1 Aux-B (Pump) 1.20 MCC24AB (30% Load) 2.55 Aux A (Pump) 2.00 MCC24AB (30% Load) 2.55 Desalter#1 4.25 2 Distillation Unit #1 3.40 Distillation Unit #3 2.55 Desalter#2 4.25 3 MCC24AB (40% Load) 4.25 Distillation Unit #5 2.55 Total Load Shed 29.55

Frequency response

ILS communication architecture

TABLE II LOADS SHED BY ILS SCHEME Load Shed Priority 1

2 Unit #1 #3 3

MW Shed Aux-B (Pump) 1.20 MCC24AB (LV Motors) 1 2.55 Aux A (Pump) 2.00 MCC24AB (LV Motors) 2.55 Desalter#1 4.25 Distillation 3.40 Distillation Unit 2.55 Desalter#2

Load ID

conclusion
ILS is better than any of the conventional load shedding scheme ILS is essential for indusrial application