BiofertilizersinCentralRussiaregion.

BySvetlanaIvanova Regionaldirector,CentralRussia
LeadingNGORussianSocietyofBiotechnologists,www.biorosinfo.ru InternetresourcesonbiofertilizersinCentralRussiaregion:www.cbio.ru,www.industrial innovations.ru Thelistofcontactsofbiofertilizerproducers,leadingresearchInstitutesandscientists conducteddevelopmentandfieldexperimentswithbiofertilizers: Biofertilizerproducers: PitBioTech() Address:301840,Russia,Tulskayaoblast,Efremovtown,Moscovskayazastava street,1. JSCIndustrialInnovations Address:127486,Russia,Moscow,Korovinscoeshosse,10,buld.2,office39 LeadingresearchInstitutes: StateResearchCenterforAppliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology,Federal ServiceofSurveillanceofthefieldofConsumerRightProtectionandHuman Welfare. Address:142279Russia,Moscowregion,Obolensktown Leadingscientists:S.K.Zhigletsova,I.A.Dunaitsev ResearchCenterforToxicologicalandHygienicRegulationofBiopreparations, FederalMedicoBiologicalAgency. Address:142253Russia,Moscowregion,Serpukhovtown,Leninastreet,102a Leadingscientists:S.G.Besaeva MoscowStateUniversity(soilsciencedepartment), Address:119899Russia,Moscow,Leninskiegory,MSU Leadingscientists:E.P.Durinina,E.S.Komarovskaya,O.A.Pahnenko AgriculturalMicrobiologyResearchInstitute Adress:196608,Russia,SaintPetersburgPushkin,Podbelskogostreet,3 Leadingscientists:I.A.Arhipchenko AgriculturalProductionResearchInstitute Adress:Russia,Kursk,Kirpichnayastr.,10 Leadingscientists:V.I.Lazarev,KandibaE.V. Shortsummaryofpublishedresearchresultsontheefficiencyofbiofertilizers The review of the recent publications in Russian on the opportunity of using microorganisms for the development of bio P fertilizers including prospects of complex preparations providing both plant protectionandimprovementforPnutritionwaspublishedbyAgrochemistryjournalin2010[1].

The results of laboratory tests of strains collection developed in leading research Institutes in Russia show that the following strains are the most efficient and perspective for industrial cultivation in Russia as bio P fertilizers and plant protectors against plant deceases caused by Fusarium (F.graminearium, F.culmorium,F.avenaceum):PseudomonadaceaefluorescenceP469.,BacillaceaesubtilisIMP215[1]. ThegroupofscientistsfromSoilSciencedepartmentofMoscowStateUniversityconductedtrialsofbio fertilizersdevelopedinAgriculturalMicrobiologyResearchInstitute.Accordingtotheobtained experimentaldata(thelaboratoryandfieldtests)theapplicationofbiofertilizersBamil(contains BacillusMicrococusClavibacter),Ekud(containsBacillusStaphylococushominis),Pudret(contains BacillusStaphylococus)andOmug(containsBacillusMicrococusClavibacter)totheseveralvarietiesof PodzolsoilslocatedinCentralRussiaregionresultedinincreasedactivityofnitrificationprocess.Dueto applicationofbiofertilizersthesoilpH(KClsolution)raised,thecontentofexchangeableKincreased, andCO2emissionhasgrown[2,3].Asexample,theresultsoffieldtrialsinvestigatedtheeffectof biofertilizerOmug(intheratesof46tonnesofbiofertilizerperha)oncropproductivityare summarizedinthetabl.1below[4]. Table.1TheeffectofbiofertilizerOmugoncropproductivity Crop Yieldincrease(%tothe control) Beetroot 2695 Onion 2476 Gardenradish 26 Carrot 3069 Potato 69155 Marrow 3278 Cereals(barleyand 57 wheat) EffectivenessofbiofertilizersAzotovit(containsAzotobacterchroococum)andBactophosphin (containsBacillusmucilaginosus)havebeentestedinfieldtrialswithwinterandspringwheat,spring barley,potato,sugarbeetindifferentsoilsinCentralRussia. WinterandspringwheatfieldtrailslocatedinKurskoblastonchernozemsoilswereconductedby AgriculturalProductionResearchInstitute.Accordingtotheresultsobtainedthetreatmentsofwheat seedsbeforeplantingbyAzotovitandBactophosphinincreasedthenumberofgrainsintheear,weight of1000grainsandsignificantlydecreasethenumberofplantssubjecttodiseases(suchasBrawnrust andSeptorialeafblotch).Theresultsaresummarizedinthetables2,3and4below[5].

Table.2TheeffectofAzotovitandBactophosphinapplicationontheshareofwheatplantsubjectto diseases(in%) Springwheat Winterwheat Brawnrust Septorialeaf Brawnrust Septorialeaf blotch blotch Control 5.9 37.5 13.8 24.5 Applicationof 3.2 29.7 7.1 20.2 Azotovitintosoil beforeplanting 2.0 34.7 8.8 14.1 Applicationof Bactophosphin intosoilbefore planting Table.3EffectofAzotovitandBactophosphinapplicationontheyieldofspringwheat Treatment AverageYieldfor3 Yieldincrease years,t/ha t/ha% Control(without 2.60 biofertilizers) ApplicationofAzotovit 2.98 0.38 14.6 intosoilbeforeplanting 2.86 0.26 10.0 Applicationof Bactophosphinintosoil beforeplanting Table.4EffectofAzotovitandBactophosphinapplicationontheyieldofwinterwheat Treatment AverageYieldfor3 Yieldincrease years,t/ha t/ha% Control(without 2.73 biofertilizers) ApplicationofAzotovit 3.04 0.31 11.3 intosoilbeforeplanting 3.0 0.27 9.8 Applicationof Bactophosphinintosoil beforeplanting Potato field trails located in Braynskaya oblast on grey soils were conducted by Agrochemical Service Research Institute. According to the results obtained the treatments Azotovit and Bactophosphin increased yield and quality of potato, and decrease the number of plants subject to late blight and virus diseases.Theresultsaresummarizedinthetable5below[5].

Table.5 Effect of Azotovit and Bactophosphin application on the yield and share of diseased plants of potato. Yield,t/ha Yieldincrease, Treatment Shareofdiseased Shareofdiseased t/ha plants,virus plants,lateblight diseases(%) (%) Control 8.3 14.9 36.8 N90P90K90 Bactophosphin+ 6.4 14.1 38.6 1.8 N90P90K90 Azotovit+ 6.0 14.0 43.2 6.4 N90P90K90 Sugarbeet field trails located in Kursk oblast on chernozem soils were conducted by Agricultural Production Research Institute. According to the results obtained the treatments of soil before sugar beet planting by Azotovit and Bactophosphin increased the yield on 7.413.4 t/ha and content of sugar on2.14%.Theresultsaresummarizedinthetable6below[5]. Table.6EffectofAzotovitandBactophosphinapplicationontheyieldandqualityofsugarbeet. Treatment Yield,t/ha Yieldincrease,t/ha Sugarcontent,% Control, without any 279 19.64 fertilizers N90P90K90 36.5 8.6 19.64 ApplicationofAzotovit 41.3 13.4 20.7 intosoilbeforeplanting Applicationof 35.3 7.4 22.08 Bactophosphinintosoil beforeplanting References: 1. S.K. Zhigletsova, I.A. Dunajtsev, S.G. Besaeva. Possibility of application of microorganisms for solvingproblemsofecologicalandfoodsafety.Agrochemistry,2010,N6,pp.8396. 2. T.Y.Kutyova, E.P. Durinina, N.E.Muravyova, A.V. Sheyko. Microbal fertilizers Bamil, Omug, Ekud, Pudret their properties, influence on soil and crops. Herald of Moscow State University, Soil Scienceseries,2002,N4,pp.4046. 3. E.P.Durinina, E.C. Komarovskaya, T.U. Kuteva, I.A.Arhipchenko. Effect caused by biofertilizer Bamil on P tranforamtion in Podzol soiland crop productivity. Agrochemistry, 2001, N11, pp.43 48. 4. I.A.Arhipchenko.RecommendationsonapplicationbiofertilizerOmugforvegetables.Published byAgriculturalMicrobiologyResearchInstitute,2009. 5. V.I.Lazarev,E.V.KandibaBiofertiluizers:AzotovitandBactophosphin.Publishedby AgriculturalproductionResearchInstitute,2004.