1 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

UNIVERSIDAD EAN Facultad de Estudios en Ambientes Virtuales Lenguas Modernas Educacin Virtual

PORTAFOLIO

Preparado por: Santiago Alejandro Ortegn Sarmiento

Bogot 2013

2 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Individual Work Business English Translation Gua 1. Translation, Translatology and the Translator.

Submitted to: Daniel Alejandro Mrquez Guzmn

By: Santiago Alejandro Ortegn Sarmiento

EAN UNIVERSITY Faculty of Distance Learning Studies Bogota - Colombia 2013

3 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

CONTENTS

Page.

OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 6 RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1. ACTIVITY 1. TRANSLATION FUNDATIONS .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.1. OUTLINE - WHAT IS TRANSLATION? ............................................................................ 12 1.2. TRANSLATING PARAGRAPHS: ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. ACTIVITY 2. TRANSLATION COMPETENCES ................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2. TRANSLATION - ROLE OF TRANSLATOR ..................................................................... 13 2.3 MIND MAP ICONTEC REGULATIONS ........................................................................... 17 3. ACTIVITY 3. TRANSLATION PROCEDURES, STRATEGIES AND METHODS. ........ 18

3.1 SCHEME - TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES ........................................................................ 18 3.2. ARTICLE EXTRACT TRANSLATIONS ............................................................................. 19 CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................ 24 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 25

4 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

OBJECTIVES

Recognize and identify translation basics.

Analyze multiples techniques and apply them to various activities in order to identify unexpected situations while translating.

Understand the basic translation regulations in Colombia.

Acquire knowledge of the various translation competences in order to be able to reach the expertize in the different contexts translation may be experience.

5 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

INTRODUCTION

With the start of the phenomenon known as globalization in the late of twentieth century, borders have been expanded around the world, and it has become easier for individuals of different cultures to connect with each other. In order for these intercultural exchanges to occur, translators and interpreters may be necessary. Both types of professions convert information and transmit messages from one language to another one. Interpreters convert spoken language and sign language, while translators work with written words.

There are different activities developed in this guide, such as an outline, several translations of articles in regard the same subject, as well as a schema. All of these serve to analyze and present important elements involved in translation: foundations, regulations, and the role, the competencies and the techniques translator may use based upon Norma Tcnica Colombiana.

6 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

ABSTRACT

Key Words: translation, interpretation, transference, exact science, cryptography, art, craft, writing, decoding, re-encoding, faithfulness, transparency, problems, unstranlatability, common words, different fields, trends, CAT (Computer-assisted translation),

The world is more globalized than ever and as many cultures unite, so does their languages, the problem is that not all people handle many languages, then they need help to communicate both writing and orally. Translators are those who will help make this process possible. By developing this guide we created the foundations of our profile as a translator, identified how this career looks around the world, how it looks in Colombia (its rules), the styles used by translators when they translate a text, the translation styles that exist and we began our path by translating small texts and excerpts.

7 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

RESUMEN

Palabras Claves: Traduccin, Interpretacin, Transferencia, ciencia exacta, criptografa, arte, oficio, escribir, descifrar, re-codificacin, fidelidad, transparencia, problemas, intraducible (Untranslatability), palabras comunes, campos diferentes, tendencias, traduccin asistida por computador.

El mundo est ms globalizado que nunca, y al unirse varias culturas, tambin se unen varios idiomas, el problemas es que no toda la gente maneja muchos idiomas, as que necesitan ayuda para comunicarse tanto de forma escrita, como de forma oral. Los traductores son los que ayudarn a que ese proceso sea posible. Desarrollando esta gua creamos las bases de nuestro perfil como traductor, identificamos cmo se ve esta profesin alrededor del mundo, cmo se ve en Colombia (qu reglas hay) y los estilos que usan los traductores cuando traducen un texto, los estilos de traduccin que hay y tambin empezamos nuestro camino traduciendo pequeos textos y extractos.

8 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Activity 1. 3. Create an outline summarizing the most relevant components of the article.

Thesis: What is translation? 1. Translation. a. Translation is the activity of taking a message from one language and creates an equivalent text in another language. 2. The term and the concept of translation 3. Common misconceptions. a. It is not an exact science. b. Is it an Art or craft? 4. Translation vs. Interpreting. a. Translation. i. Translation expressed by writing. ii. Expects to be 99% accurate. b. Interpreting. i. Translation expressed orally or with gestures. ii. Expects to be at least 70% accurate. 5. Translation process. a. Decoding the meaning of the source text. b. Re-encoding this meaning in the target language. 6. Measuring success in translation. a. Faithfulness. i. No adding or subtracting anything from the message. b. Transparency. i. It is really clear when a Native speaker reads it? 7. Translation problems. a. Problems with the original text (source text). b. Language problems. c. Other. i. Rhymes, puns and poetic meters.

9 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

ii. Highly specific cultural references. iii. Euphony or dissonance. 8. The problem of untranslability. a. Some words are defined as untranslatable. 9. The problem of common words. a. Some common words are even more difficult to translate than others. 10. Specialized types of translation. a. Any written text can be translated. i. Administrative translation. ii. Commercial translation. iii. Computer translation. iv. General translation. v. Legal translation. 1. Should be an expert with the law. vi. Literary translation. 1. Should be a very skillful translator. 2. Poetry is one of the most difficult texts to translate. vii. Medical translation. viii. Pedagogical translation. ix. Scientific translation. x. Scholarly translation. xi. Technical translation. xii. Translation for dubbing and film subtitles. b. History i. Translation of religious texts. 11. Trends in translation. a. Machine translation. i. Produces the target text with no human intervention. b. Computer-assisted translation (CAT). 12. Cultural Translation. 13. Criticism of translation.

10 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

4. Translate the paragraphs as follows (taken from the article):

1. Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language and the production, in another language, of a new, equivalent text, or translation. La traduccin es una actividad que comprende la interpretacin del significado de un texto en un idioma y la produccin, en otro idioma, de un nuevo, equivalente texto o traduccin.

2. There is also debate as to whether translation is an art or a craft. Tambin hay un debate sobre si, la traduccin es un arte o una ciencia.

3. Although interpreting can be considered a subcategory of translation in regard to the analysis of the processes involved (translation studies), in practice the skills required for these two activities are quite different. Aunque la interpretacin puede ser considerada una subcategora de la traduccin en lo que se refiere al anlisis de los procesos implicados (estudios de traduccin), en la prctica las habilidades requeridas para estas dos actividades, son algo diferentes.

4. Decoding the meaning of the source text, and re-encoding this meaning in the target language. Descifrar el significado del texto original, y re-codificar este significado en el lenguaje objetivo.

5. Poorly written text. Texto pobremente escrito.

6. Measuring success in translation. Medir el xito en la traduccin.

11 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

7. Obscure jargon. Jerga oculta.

8.

Scholarly translation. Traduccin escolar.

9. If you want to work independently, you may want to start by marketing your services to local businesses. Si se quiere trabajar independientemente, podra empezar por comercializar sus servicios a negocios locales.

10. Translators receive extensive practice with representative texts in various subject areas, learn to compile and manage glossaries of relevant terminology, and master the use of both current document-related software (for example, word processors, desktop publishing systems, and graphics or presentation software) and computer-assisted translation (CAT) software tools. Los traductores reciben una extensiva prctica con textos representativos en varias materias, aprenden a compilar y a manejar glosarios de terminologa relevante, y dominan el uso de tanto el actual documento-relacionado (document-related) software (por ejemplo, procesadores de palabras, sistemas de edicin, y software de grficas o presentaciones) y herramientas de software de traduccin asistida por computador (computer-assisted translation o CAT).

12 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Activity 2. 1. After watching the video, answer the question at the end of the Object in groups. Then record your conclusions in your portfolio. Do not forget to file a great proposal corresponding to the translation of the 5 sentences comprised in the video, and a possible design of the video for Latin America. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A Cool life. A Fresh life. A Bright life. A Healthy life. A Delightful life. 1. Una Vida Genial. 2. Una Vida Fresca. 3. Una Vida Brillante. 4. Una Vida Saludable. 5. Una Vida Encantadora.

Link of the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHYdbdfFC5s

13 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

2. After recording the video and understanding the competencies you need to develop in order to become a great translator, enter this website and translate the contents of the article Role of translator.

El Rol del Traductor.

(Role of a Language Translator)

"Translators are language professionals. They are applied linguists, competent writers, diplomats, and educated amateurs. Like linguists, translators have to be capable of discerning subtleties and nuances in their languages, researching terminology and colloquialisms, and handling new developments in their languages. Like writers, translators have to be accustomed to working long hours alone on a subject which interests few people and with a language that few people around them know. Like diplomats, translators have to be sensitive to the cultural and social differences which exist in their languages and be capable of addressing these issues when translating. And like educated amateurs, translators have to know the basics and some of the details about the subjects they deal with... ...The fundamental rule when you're not sure of a term or phrase is ask. An important part of the translator's role is to communicate with the client -- and a good translator knows when to ask questions."

"Translators are language professionals. They are applied linguists, competent writers, diplomats, and educated amateurs.

Los traductores son profesionales del lenguaje. Ellos son lingistas aplicados, escritores competentes, diplomticos y aficionados educados.

Like linguists, translators have to be capable of discerning subtleties and nuances in

14 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

their languages,

Al igual que los lingistas, los traductores deben ser capaces de discernir sutilezas y matices en sus idiomas,

Researching terminology and colloquialisms, and handling new developments in their languages.

Investigando terminologa y coloquialismos, y manejando nuevos desarrollos en sus idiomas.

Like writers, translators have to be accustomed to working long hours alone on a subject which interests few people and with a language that few people around them know.

Al igual que los escritores, los traductores deben estar acostumbrados a trabajar solos por largas horas, en un tema que le interesa a pocas personas y con un idioma que pocas personas, alrededor de ellos, conocen.

Like diplomats, translators have to be sensitive to the cultural and social differences which exist in their languages and be capable of addressing these issues when translating.

15 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Al igual que los diplomticos, los traductores deben ser sensibles a las diferencias culturales y sociales que existen en sus idiomas, y deben ser capaces de dirigir estos problemas cuando estn traduciendo.

And like educated amateurs, translators have to know the basics and some of the details about the subjects they deal with...

Y al igual que los aficionados educados, los traductores deben saber lo bsico y algunos detalles sobre los temas que ellos tratan

The fundamental rule when you're not sure of a term or phrase is ask. An important part of the translator's role is to communicate with the client -- and a good translator knows when to ask questions."

La regla fundamental, cuando no ests seguro de un trmino o una frase, es preguntar. Una parte importante del rol del traductor es comunicarse con el cliente y un buen traductor sabe cundo preguntar.

Texto en Espaol. Los traductores son profesionales del lenguaje. Ellos son lingistas aplicados, escritores competentes, diplomticos y aficionados educados. Al igual que los lingistas,

16 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

los traductores deben ser capaces de discernir sutilezas y matices en sus idiomas, Investigando terminologa y coloquialismos, y manejando nuevos desarrollos en sus idiomas. Al igual que los escritores, los traductores deben estar acostumbrados a trabajar solos por largas horas, en un tema que le interesa a pocas personas y con un idioma que pocas personas, alrededor de ellos, conocen. Al igual que los diplomticos, los traductores deben ser sensibles a las diferencias culturales y sociales que existen en sus idiomas, y deben ser capaces de dirigir estos problemas cuando estn traduciendo. Y al igual que los aficionados educados, los traductores deben saber lo bsico y algunos detalles sobre los temas que ellos tratan La regla fundamental, cuando no ests seguro de un trmino o una frase, es preguntar. Una parte importante del rol del traductor es comunicarse con el cliente y un buen traductor sabe cundo preguntar.

17 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

3. To understand a little bit better the regulation for translation in Colombia. Read the Icontec Regulation on Translation and discuss it with the members of your team. Then create a mind map comprising the following aspects: a. Professional competencies of the translator. b. Main requirements. c. Technological resources for translating.

MIND MAP ABOUT REGULATION ON TRANSLATION

Source: Katherinne Bolivar Borda, Hugo Guiovanni Perez Cabezas, Diana Rocio Giraldo Cruz. Santiago Alejandro Ortegon Sarmiento . Based upon: Norma de Traduccin en Colombia ICONTEC

18 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Activity 3. 1. After having read the three articles, create a scheme (use the tool of your preference) in which you can include and distinguish methods, strategies and procedures of translation (do not forget to take into account the definition).

Translation Techniques

19 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

2. Once you have understood the techniques you can use to resolve translation difficulties, read and translate the following article: link here. You DO NOT have to translate the entire article; you just have to extract 20 excerpts and translate them by specifying the technique implemented. Use the chart as follows: - Source Language - Target Language - Technique implemented

Tabla Abajo

20 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Source language In a large organization, it is usually easier to identify separate functional areas because people work together in departments.

Target language Usualmente, en una compaa grande, es mucho ms fcil identificar por separado las reas funcionales, ya que las personas trabajan de forma conjunta en los departamentos.

Technique used

Compensation Word by word

The main purpose of functional areas is to ensure that all important business activities are carried out efficiently All businesses must look after customers or clients who have an enquiry, concern or complaint. Most businesses have a special procedure for dealing with customer complaints, to ensure these are dealt with quickly and consistently.

El objetivo principal de las reas funcionales es el de asegurar que todas las actividades de negocios importantes son llevadas a cabo eficientemente. Todos los negocios deberan hacer un seguimiento a los clientes que tienen una peticin, queja o reclamo. La mayora de los negocios tienen un procedimiento especial para atender las quejas de los usuarios, para asegurar que se hagan de una forma rpida y constante. Adaptation Literal translation Compensation Adaptation Word by word

21 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Many organizations outsource both storage and distribution to external contractors. This means paying a specialist rm to do the work.

Muchas organizaciones subcontratan los servicios de distribucin y bodega, lo que significa que pagan a una empresa dedicada a este trabajo para que lo hagan por ellos.

Compensation

Most entrepreneurs consider La mayora de los emprendedores this is the most important function in the business. Today, virtually all businesses use computer accounting packages to record financial transactions and prepare their accounts as well as spreadsheets to analyze financial data. Normally, new employees attend an induction programme which tells them about the business, their rights and responsibilities as employees, the company rules and the requirements of their new job. consideran que esta es la funcin ms importante en los negocios. Hoy en da todos los negocios usan paquetes de contabilidad para usarlos virtualmente con el fin de guardar las transacciones financieras y preparar sus propias cuentas as como las hojas de clculo para analizar los datos financieros. Normalmente, los nuevos empleados asisten a un programa de induccin donde aprenden sobre la funcin del negocio, los derechos y deberes como empleados, el reglamento de la empresa y las funciones y requerimientos de su nuevo trabajo. It is no use developing new products or services if no one knows about them. Sales is a crucial function for all businesses. Las ventas son una funcin crucial para todos los negocios. No se proponen nuevos productos o servicios si nadie los conoce.

Literal translation

Reformulation Compensation Word by Word

Reformulation Compensation

Word by Word

Word by word

22 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Shops that sell basic

Las tiendas que venden productos

Literal translation

products, such as chocolates bsicos, como chocolates o or magazines do not need to do much selling. Employing a skilled sales force is expensive, especially if they are paid bonuses or commission. All sales staff should know there are a number of laws that protect customers and understand which type of sales activities are legal and which are not. Production refers to the manufacture or assembly of goods. Today, many production processes are automated. When a process cannot be revistas, no necesitan vender mucho. Contratar a personas con habilidades para vender es costoso, especialmente si se les paga con bonos o por comisiones. Todos los que hagan parte del departamento de ventas deberan saber que hay leyes que protegen a los clientes, as como entender qu tipo de tcnicas de ventas son legales y cules no. La produccin se refiere a la fabricacin o montaje de productos. Hoy en da, muchos procesos de produccin son automatizados. Cuando un proceso de produccin Word by word Reformulation Literal translation Reformulation Word by Word Reformulation

automated, teams of operators no puede ser automatizado, el grupo may work together and take responsibility for a sequence of operations. Improvements to existing products are often ongoing as a result of market research or customer feedback Applied research is focused investigation into how new de operadores trabajan juntos y toman la responsabilidad de la secuencia de operaciones Realizar la mejora de los productos ya existentes son el resultado de encuestas realizadas a las personas o retroalimentacin de los clientes. Las investigaciones aplicadas se enfocan en como nuevos Literal translation Reformulation

23 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

discoveries can be used to improve products The situation is different in a larger organisation because people may work in separate areas or departments and rarely meet each other.

descubrimientos puedes ser utilizados para mejorar un producto. La situacin es diferente en una organizacin grande porque las personas deben trabajar en reas separadas o diferentes departamentos y muy de vez en cuando se encuentran unos con otros. Literal translation

Some of the reasons why departmental links are essential are shown in the table below, which identies some of the key issues over which functional areas need to communicate.

Alguna de las razones del porque la conexin entre los departamentos son esenciales se muestran en la tabla siguiente, donde se identifican algunos de los temas claves sobre cules de las reas funcionales necesitan comunicarse.

Literal translation Reformulation

24 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

CONCLUSIONS

Translation and Interpretation are different concepts, the first one is expressed in written and the second one is expressed orally.

Like other countries (United States or Spain) Colombia is aware of the necessities of the Colombian translators, so they created the standard 5808 which has improved this field in Colombia.

Translation is not an exact science that is why there is a lot of different styles (Modulation, Calque or Borrowing).

25 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

REFERENCES

Axistranslations. What is Translation? Seen in (2013) http://www.axistranslations.com/translation-article/what-is-translation.html COTTON, D., FALVEY, D., KENT, S. (2001). Upper Intermediate Market Leader. Business English Coursebook. New edition. England, Longman. Guzmn, D. A. (Autor), (Adecuacin Pedaggica) Barreto, O. (2013). Universidad EAN. http://virtual.ean.edu.co/bbcswebdav/pid-155167-dt-content-rid3423222_1/courses/0027932013-2D41E/AmbienteVirtual/guia_01.html#Language Translation Inc. (2006). Role of

Iacovoni.files.wordpress.com. (2010) Translations procedures. http://iacovoni.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/translation-procedures.pdf

Icontec internacional (2010). Norma Tcnica Colombiana.

Intercultural Studies Group (2010) Universita Rovila I Virgiri. Translations Techniques. http://isg.urv.es/publicity/masters/sample/techniques.html

Language Translation. (2006) http://blog.languagetranslation.com/blog/bid/256666/

Los Angeles Valley College Library. (2001) How to Write an Outline. http://www.lavc.edu/library/outline.htm

26 PORTAFOLIO UNIVERSIDAD EAN

Molina, L. & Hurtado, A. (2002). Erudit.Org. "Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach". http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/2002/v47/n4/008033ar.pdf Teachmebusiness.com. Seen in (2013). The Main Functional Areas Within Business Organizations. http://www.teachmebusiness.co.uk/page29/page16/page18/assets/Functionalareas.pd f ZPJ: Free Journal. (2010). Five Translation Competences. http://zainurrahmans.wordpress.com/2010/06/06/five-translation-competencies/