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In 1991, Leroy Burrell beat team mate Carl Lewiss world record for the 100 m sprint. But who was quickest? Runner Carl Lewis Leroy Burrell
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This prevents the runner located furthest from the starter from hearing the start signal last.
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Pressure-time graph
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Fairer races
How can pressure-time graphs identify false-starts? Scientists have found that it is physically impossible to react in less than 0.1 seconds. If a runners reaction time is less than 0.1 seconds then they must have deliberately started before the signal was heard.
pressure
0.05
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0.1
0.15
0.2
Boardworks Ltd 2006
time (sec)
Is there a correlation?
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What kind of factors slow down reaction times? tiredness drugs old age
Boardworks Ltd 2006
alcohol
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Interpreting signals
How can you find your reaction time? 1. Extend your arm over the edge of a table and have a partner hold a ruler between your fingers at the 0 cm mark. 2. The partner drops the ruler catch it between your fingers and thumb as quickly as possible. 3. Repeat the test 10 times, recording the results and calculate the mean (average) distance. Then convert the distance into a reaction time.
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Common reflexes
What types of reflexes do you know?
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Many reflexes such as sneezing and focusing your eyes occur naturally, but other reflexes can be learned, i.e. conditioned responses.
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spinal cord
cross-section
Boardworks Ltd 2006
Trained sports people seem to move faster than the brain can respond. They do this by anticipating what will happen instead of waiting for a message from their senses.
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nerve fibre
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The axons of most neurones are wrapped in an insulating lipid layer called the myelin sheath. Why is this important?
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cell body
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cell body
muscle
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A reflex arc
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What is a synapse?
A synapse is a junction between two neurones across which electrical signals pass. The human body contains up to 500 trillion synapses. presynaptic cell
postsynaptic cell
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neurotransmitter molecules
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True or false?
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Accommodation
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Correcting sight
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If you have normal vision you can see an eye in the image. If you are colour blind you can only see either red or orange spots.
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iris The part of the eye that limits the amount of light
entering the eye.
lens The part of the eye that focuses light on the retina.
reaction time The time taken to respond to a stimulus. reflex A fast, automatic protective response. retina The part of the eye that contains light receptors. sensory neurone A neurone that carries electrical
impulses from sense organs to the CNS.
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Anagrams
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Multiple-choice quiz
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