Physics F4 Chapter 3 Questions

3.1 Understanding Pressure

1. Calculate the pressure exerted on the table in each case.

3.2 Understanding Gas Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure

1. Show that the atmospheric at sea level is 105 Pa. [ Take density of mercury = 1.36 x 104 kg m-3 , gravitational field strength, g = 10 N kg-1 ] 2. Calculate the total pressure acting on the body of a diver at a depth of 450 m underwater. [ Take density of sea water = 1200 kg m-3, gravitational field strength = 10 N kg-1, 5 and atmospheric pressure = 10 N m-2 ]

2. The average wind pressure on the wall is 200 Pa. If the area of the wall is 8 m2, what is the total force acting on it? 3. A student pressing a thumbtack into a piece of wood with a force of 15 N. The surface area of the head of the thumbtack is 1 cm2 and the cross-sectional area of the tip of the thumbtack is 0.01 cm2. calculate : a) The pressure exerted by the students thumb on the head of the thumbtack b) The pressure of the tip of the thumbtack on the wood 4. A coin sinks to a depth of 5 m in a liquid of density 800 kg m-3. At what depth, in a different liquid of density 600 kg m-3, will the coin be subjected to same pressure? 5. A submarine has a surface area of 300 m2. The density of sea water is 1050 kg m-3. a) At what depth under the sea, will the additional pressure on the submarine be 5 x 105 pa? b) If the submarine is at the depth determined in (a), calculate the force exerted by sea water on the surface of the submarine. 6. A fish at a depth of 8 m below the surface of the sea. What is the water pressure on the fish? [water density = 1000 kg m-3] 1

3.

a) Calculate the pressure at points A, B, C and D, in units of cm Hg and Pa. b) What is the pressure of the gas supply ? c) If the manometer is made from a smaller diameter tube, what will be the effect on the height of the mercury column AB? Explain your answer.

3.3 Pressures Principle

1.

d) The cross sectional area of the big piston and the small piston are 100 cm2 and 20 cm2 respectively. The mass of the chair is 20 kg. Calculate the force exerted on the small piston to lift up the child of 30 kg.

3. The density and mass of a metal block are 3.2 103 kg m-3 and 5.0 kg respectively. Find the upthrust that act on the metal block when it is fully immersed in water. [ Density of water = 1000kg m-3 ] The above figure shows a hydraulic system with two pistons A and B, connected to a tube that contains oil. The area of pistons A and B is 5 cm2 and 50 cm2 respectively, and a force of 10 N is exerted on piston A. a) Calculate the pressure that is exerted by piston A on the oil. b) What is the pressure that is exerted by the oil on piston B? Explain your answer. c) Calculate force F, if the friction of the piston can be ignored. 2. 4. A block that has volume of 0.2 m3 is hanging in a water tank as shown in the figure above. Find the tension of the string? [ Density of the metal = 8 103 kg m-3, density of water = 1 103 kg m-3] 5. A spherical , helium-filled balloon has a radius R of 12.0 m. The balloon , support cables and basket have a mass m of 196 kg. What maximum load M can the balloon support while it floats at an altitude at which the helium density is 0.160 kgm-3 and the air density is 1.25 kgm-3? Assume that the volume of air displaced by the load, support cables and basket is negligible.

a) Name the physics principle used in a hydraulic system. b) Explain how the chair can be lifted up when the pedal is pressed down? c) Why the system is less effective if air bubbles are present in hydraulic fluid?