No 1 2 3 4 5

Item Big cylinder Small cylinder Big caps Small caps Filled water Total weight

OD (mm) ID (mm) Wall thickness Measured wall thickness 113.95 100.23 6.86 6.51 26.64 20.6 3.02 1.75

Length(mm) Weight (g) Sphere's diameter Height (mm) 131.77 241 76.5 24 24 75 12 16 305

Volume mm3 Volume m3 1,343,801.39 0.001344 42,640.25 4.26E-05 156,609.79 0.000157

Buoyancy calculate

I No 1 2 3 4 5

Construction of the cylinder Elements Big pipe (4in) Small pipe (3/4in) Big caps (2pcs) Small caps (2pcs) Required water Total Total volume Total weight

OD (mm)

ID (mm) H (mm) Volume (mm3) 114 100 131.77 1,344,980.94 26.7 20.6 76.5 42,832.54 156,525.80

1,658,032.54 1,658,032.54 0.00166 345 0.345 mm3 m3 g kg

II 1 2 3 4 5

Buoyancy force calculate Total object volume, V Total object weight, m Object's density Fluid's density (water's density), _f Gravity acceleration, g Buoyancy fore, F_buoy, is calculated as following:

0.00166 0.345 208.08 1000 9.81

m3 kg kg/m3 kg/m3 m/s2

Therefore, F_buoy= Upward acceleration, a= III

5.60 N 6.43 m/s2

Calculate needed object's weight for x percentage of buoyancy 1 Needed percentage of buoyancy 10% 2 Submerged volume of object, V_sub 0.00149 m3 When objects float, buoyancy force and gravity is equal. From fomuar of gravity force and buoyancy force, We have : m=V_sub*_f, where m is needed weight of float object Therefore, needed weight of object, m_float = 1.49 kg

IV

Calculated required water to add Required weight of water to add = m_float-m= Volume of required water is, V_w=

1.15 kg 1.15 litres

How many percentage of object will float with current weight

Current weight, m_current= Submerged volume, V_sub=m_current/_f= The current object will float VI Time to buoy Distant to go, s= Upward acceleration, a= Time to go is, t=

0.345 kg 0.000345 m3 79%

3m 6.43 m/s2 0.97 seconds

Weight (g)

Remarks 241 24 24 Added volume, need to x2 16 345

yancy force,

Calculate volume of sphere's cap

1 Sphere's diameter: Sphere's radius: 2 Height of cap: 3 Volume of cap: = =

154.88 77.44 26.98 156,525.8 0.000157 0.157

mm mm mm mm3 m3 litres

Buoyancy calculate

I No 1 2 3 4 5

Construction of the cylinder Elements Big pipe (4in) Small pipe (3/4in) Big caps (2pcs) Small caps (2pcs) Required water Total Cylinder diameter Cylinder length Cylinder volume Number of cylinder Total volume Total volume Total weight

OD (mm)

ID (mm) H (mm) Volume (mm3) 114 100 131.77 1,344,980.94 26.7 20.6 76.5 42,832.54 156,525.80

1,658,032.54 32 60 48254.86316 3 144764.5895 in in in3 pcs in3 mm3 m3 lb kg kg S= 27.92509 ft3 2.37 m3 804.25

2.37227 20 9.07 27.22

II 1 2 3 4 5

Buoyancy force calculate Total object volume, V Total object weight, m Object's density Fluid's density (water's density), _f Gravity acceleration, g Buoyancy fore, F_buoy, is calculated as following: Therefore, F_buoy=_f*V*g Upward acceleration, a=

2.37 27.22 11.47 1000 9.81

m3 kg kg/m3 kg/m3 m/s2

23,271.94 N 845.29 m/s2

III

Calculate needed object's weight for x percentage of buoyancy 1 Needed percentage of buoyancy 10% 2 Submerged volume of object, V_sub 2.13504 m3 When objects float, buoyancy force and gravity is equal. From fomuar of gravity force and buoyancy force, We have : m=V_sub*_f, where m is needed weight of float object Therefore, needed weight of object, m_float = 2,135.04 kg

IV

Calculated required water to add Required weight of water to add = m_float-m=

2,107.82 kg

Volume of required water is, V_w= V

2,107.82 litres

How many percentage of object will float with current weight Current weight, m_current= 27.2155422 kg Submerged volume, V_sub=m_current/_f= 0.027215542 m3 The current object will float 99% Time to buoy Distant to go, s= Upward acceleration, a= Time to go is, t=

VI

3m 845.29 m/s2 0.08 seconds 22248.7 N 2267.96185 kg 9.81 m/s2

VII Gravity force, F_g=g*m 1 Weight, m 2 Gravity acceleration, g

5000

Weight (g)

Remarks 241 24 24 Added volume, need to x2 16 345

in3

83.78 ft3

yancy force,

lb