Material Takeoff

COSC 621

Where are we?

1st Project
Drawings

2nd Project
Construction Method

3rd Project
Contingency Analysis

4th Project
Activity Network

5th Project

Work Packages

Activity Time & Cost

Total Project Cost

Critical Path

Material Takeoff

Total Project Time

Cash Flow Profile

Project Scope Definition

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General
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Size of plant capacity Process units to be included Type of plant feedstock Products to be made, initial and future Should plant be designed for minimum investment Horizontal vs. stacked arrangement of equipment Layout and provisions for future expansion Any special relationships (e.g. involvements of other companies)

Project Scope Definition

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Site Information
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Access to transportation; air, waterway, highway, railway Access to utilities; water, sewer, electrical, fire protection Climate conditions; moisture, temperature, wind Soil conditions; surface, subsurface, bearing capacity Terrain; special precautions for adjacent property Acquisition of land; purchase, lease, expansion potential Space available for construction

Project Scope Definition

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Buildings
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Number, types, and size of each Occupancy; number of people, offices, laboratories Intended usage; offices, conferences, storage, equipment Special heating and cooling requirements Quality of finish work and furnishings Landscaping requirements Parking requirements

Project Scope Definition

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Regulatory Requirements
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Permits; construction, operation, environmental, municipal Regulations and codes; local, state, federal Safety; detection systems, fires, emergency power Environmental; air liquids, solids, wetlands Preservations restrictions

Owners Needs and Project Objectives

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What is needed vs. What is wanted Without constraints of cost and schedule, focus easily shifts from what is needed to what is wanted. An optimization of quantity, quality, cost, and schedule. Vague owners needs lead to project changes, scope growth, cost overruns, rework, and misunderstandings among team members

Project Breakdown
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Production activities z Activities that involve the use of resources such as labor, material, equipment, or subcontractors Procurement activities z Activities that specify the time needed to procure for materials and/or manufacture equipment that are needed for any production activity Management decision activities z Activities that are related to management decisions such as special delays or approvals Hammock activities z Activities that depend on other activities and are not needed for themselves, eg. Dewatering that is required as long as excavation is progressing Dummy activities

Project Breakdown
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Master Format of CSI (Construction Specifications Institute) for building construction

Division 1: General Requirements Division 2: Site Work Division 3: Concrete Division 4: Masonry Division 5: Metals Division 6: Wood and Plastics Division 7: Thermal Moisture Protection Division 8: Doors and Windows Division 9: Finishes Division 10: Specialties Division 11: Equipment Division 12: Furnishings Division 13: Special Construction Division 14: Conveying Systems Division 15: Mechanical Division 16: Electrical

Division 1: General Requirements

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01010 Summary of Work 01020 Allowances 01030 Special Project Procedures 01040 Coordination 01050 Field Engineering 01060 Regulatory Requirements 01070 Abbreviations and Symbols 01080 Identification Systems 01100 Alternates/Alternatives

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01150 Measurement and Payment 01200 Project Meetings 01300 Submittals 01400 Quality Control 01500 Construction Facilities and Temporary Controls 01600 Material and Equipment 01650 Starting of Systems 01660 Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Systems 01700 Contract Closeout 01800 Maintenance

Division 2 Site Work

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02010 Subsurface Investigation 02050 Demolition 02110 Site Preparation 02140 Dewatering 02150 Shoring and Underpinning 02160 Excavation Support Systems 02170 Cofferdams 02200 Earthwork 02300 Tunneling 02350 Piles and Caissons 02450 Railroad Work

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02480 Marine work 02500 Paving and Surfacing 02600 Piped Utility Materials 02660 Water Distribution 02680 Fuel Distribution 02700 Sewage and Drainage 02760 Restoration of Underground Pipelines 02770 Ponds and Reservoirs 02780 Power and Communications 02800 Site Improvements 02900 Landscaping

Division 3 - Concrete
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03100 Concrete Formwork 03200 Concrete Reinforcement 03250 Concrete Accessories 03300 Cast-in-Place Concrete 03370 Concrete Curing 03400 Precast Concrete 03500 Cementitious Decks 03600 Grout 03700 Concrete Restoration and Cleaning 03800 Mass Concrete

Division 4 - Masonry
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04110 Mortar 04150 Masonry Accessories 04200 Unit Masonry 04400 Stone 04500 Masonry Restoration and Cleaning 04550 Refractories 04600 Corrosion Resistant Masonry

Division 5 - Metals
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05010 Metal Materials 05030 Metal Finishes 05050 Metal Fastening 05100 Structural Metal Framing 05200 Metal Joists 05300 Metal Decking 05400 Cold-Formed Metal Framing 05500 Metal Fabrications 05580 Sheet Metal Fabrications 05700 Ornamental Metal 05800 Expansion Control 05900 Hydraulic Structures

Division 6 Wood and Plastics

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06050 Fasteners and Adhesives 06100 Rough Carpentry 06130 Heavy Timber Construction 06150 Wood-Metal Systems 06170 Prefabricated Structural Wood 06200 Finish Carpentry 06300 Wood Treatment 06400 Architectural Woodwork 06500 Prefabricated Structural Plastics 06600 Plastic Fabrications

Division 7 Thermal and Moisture Protection

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07100 Waterproofing 07150 Damproofing 07190 Vapor and Air Retarders 07200 Insulation 07250 Fireproofing 07300 Shingles and Roofing Tiles 07400 Preformed Roofing Cladding and Siding 07500 Membrane Roofing 07570 Traffic Topping 07600 Flashing and Sheet Metal 07700 Roof Specialties and Accessories 07800 Skylights 07900 Joint Sealers

Division 8 Door and Windows

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08100 Metal Doors and Frames 08200 Wood and Plastic Doors 08250 Door Opening and Assembles 08300 Special Doors 08400 Entrances and Storefronts 08500 Metal Windows 08600 Wood and Plastic Windows 08650 Special Windows 08700 Hardware 08800 Glazing 08900 Glazed Curtain Walls

Division 9 - Finishes
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09100 Metal Support Systems 09200 Lathe and Plaster 09230 Aggregate Coatings 09250 Gypsum board 09300 Tile 09400 Terrazzo 09500 Acoustical Treatment 09540 Special Surfaces 09550 Wood Flooring

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09600 Stone Flooring 09630 Unit Masonry Flooring 09650 Resilient Flooring 09680 Carpet 09700 Special Flooring 09780 Floor Treatment 09800 Special Coatings 09900 Painting 09950 Wall Coverings

Division 10 - Specialties
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10100 Chalkboards and Tack Boards 10150 Compartments and Cubicles 10200 Louvers and Vents 10240 Grilles and Screens 10250 Service Wall Systems 10260 Wall and Corner Guards 10270 Access Flooring 10280 Specialty Modules 10290 Pest Control 10300 Fireplaces and Stoves 10340 Prefabricated Exterior Specialties 10350 Flagpoles

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10400 Identifying Devices 10460 Pedestrian Control Devices 10500 Lockers 10520 Fire Protection Specialties 10530 Protective Covers 10550 Postal Specialties 10600 Partitions 10650 Operable Partitions 10670 Storage Shelving 10700 Exterior Sun Control Devices 10750 Telephone Specialties 10800 Scales 10900 Wardrobe and Closet Specialties

Division 11 - Equipment
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11010 Maintenance Equipment 11020 Security and Vault Equipment 11030 Teller and Service Equipment 11040 Ecclesiastical Equipment 11050 Library Equipment 11060 Theater and Stage Equipment 11070 Instrumental Equipment 11080 Registration Equipment 11090 Checkroom Equipment 11100 Mercantile Equipment 11110 Commercial Landry and Dry Cleaning Equipment 11120 Vending Equipment 11130 Audio-Visual Equipment 11140 Service Station Equipment 11150 Parking Control Equipment 11160 Loading Dock Equipment 11170 Solid Waste Handling Equipment

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11190 Detention Equipment 11200 Water Supply and Treatment Equipment 11280 Hydraulic Gates and Valves 11300 Fluid Waste Treatment and Disposal Equipment 11400 Food Service Equipment 11450 Residential Equipment 11460 Unit Kitchens 11470 Darkroom Equipment 11480 Athletic, Recreational and Therapeutic Equipment 11500 Industrial and Process Equipment 11600 Laboratory Equipment 11650 Observatory Equipment 11700 Medical Equipment 11780 Mortuary Equipment 11850 Navigation Equipment

Division 12 - Furnishings
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12050 Fabrics 12100 Artwork 12300 Manufactured Casework 12500 Window Treatment 12600 Furniture and Accessories 12670 Rugs and Mats 12700 Multiple Seating 12800 Interior Plants and Planters

Division 13 Special Construction

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13010 Air Supported Structures 13020 Integrated Assembles 13030 Special Purpose Rooms 13080 Sound, Vibration, and Seismic Control 13090 Radiation Protection 13100 Nuclear Reactor 13120 Pre-Engineered Structures 13150 Pools 13160 Kennels and Animal Shelters 13180 Site Constructed Incinerators 13200 Liquid and Gas Storage Tanks 13220 Filter Underdrains and Media

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13230 Digestion Tank Covers and Appurtenances 13240 Oxygenation Systems 13260 Sludge Conditioning Systems 13300 Utility Control Systems 13400 Industrial and Process Control Systems 13500 Recording Instrumentation 13550 Transportation Control Instrumentation 13600 Solar Energy Systems 13700 Wind Energy Systems 13800 Building Automation Systems 13900 Fire Suppression and Supervisory System

Division 14 Conveying Systems

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14100 Dumbwaiters 14200 Elevators 14300 Moving Stairs and Walks 14400 Lifts 14500 Material Handling Systems 14600 Hoists and Cranes 14700 Turntables 14800 Scaffolding 14900 Transportation Systems

Division 15 - Mechanical
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15050 Basic Mechanical Materials and Methods 15250 Mechanical Insulation 15300 Fire Protection 15400 Plumbing 15500 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 15550 Heat Generation 15650 Refrigeration 15750 Heat Transfer 15850 Air Handling 15880 air Distribution 15950 Controls 15990 Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing

Division 16 - Electrical
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16050 Basic Electrical Materials and Methods 16200 Power Generation 16300 High Voltage Distribution (Above 600-Volt) 16400 Service and Distribution (600-Vlot and Below) 16500 Lighting 16600 Special Systems 16700 Communications 16850 Electric Resistance Heating 16900 Controls 16950 Testing

Project Breakdown
WBS
Area 1 Project Area 2 Columns Place Reinforcement Area 3 Slabs

OBS
Electrical Mechanical Civil Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent Subcontractor B

Beams Install Framework

Concrete Foreman

Pour Concrete

Control Account

Project Manager

General Contractor

Rebar Foreman

Subcontractor A

Formwork Foreman

Project-Work package-Task-Resource-OBS level

Activity Code: 011-0311380550-001-1FLA1-GFF Activity: Install Column Formwork Area 2 Responsibility: General Contractors Formwork Foreman Quantity: 1200 sq.m Estimated Duration: 5 days Estimated Cost: $1200 Expected Crew Productivity: 20 sq.m/hr Material: Prefabricated Column Forms = 1200 sq.m

RS Means Building Construction Cost Data

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Division Number/Title
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(033/Cast-in-Place Concrete) Each unit price line item has been assigned a unique 10-digit code based on the 5-digit CSI Master Format classification.
Master Format Division Master Format Medium scope

Line Numbers
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033 130 0300

Means Subdivision Means Major Classification Means Individual Line Number

RS Means Building Construction Cost Data

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Description
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(Concrete in Place, etc.) R033-010 2 Carp: if an installation can be accomplished by one trade and requires no power equipment C-14A: if an installation requires a composite crew

Reference Number Information

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Crew
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Crew
Crew No. Crew C-14A 1 Carpenter Foreman (out) 16 Carpenters 4 Rodmen (reinf.) 2 Laborers 1 Cement Finisher 1 Equip. Oper. (med) 1 Gas Engine Vibrator 1 Concrete Pump (small) 200 L.H., Daily Totals Bare Costs ($) Hr. 28.45 26.45 29.45 20.65 25.40 27.55 Daily 227.60 3,385.60 942.40 330.40 203.20 220.40 37.20 632.80 5,979.60 Incl. Subs O&P ($) Hr. 44.80 41.65 51.15 32.50 37.90 41.90 Daily 358.40 5,331.20 1,636.80 520.00 303.20 335.20 40.90 696.10 9,221.80 Cost Per Labor-Hour Bare Costs 26.55 Incl. O&P 42.42

3.35 29.90

3.69 46.11

Productivity: Daily Output

Daily Output 100 C.Y. 15.62 C.Y./Crew Day = 6.40 Crew Days Labor - Hours 100 C.Y. 12.804 Labor - Hours/C.Y. = 1280 Labor - Hours

Bare Costs
Material : $207 Labor $26.55 12.804 = $340 Equip. $3.35 12.804 = $43 Total $207 + $340 + $43 = $590

Total Costs Including O&P

Material is Bare Material Cost + 10% = 207 + 20.70 Labor for Crew C-14A = Labor-Hour Cost (42.42) x Labor-Hour Units (12.804) Equip. is Bare Equip. Cost + 10% = 43 + 4.30 Total = $228 = $ 544

= $48 = $820

Earth Work
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Estimation of earthwork one of the most difficult portions of the estimators work Computation of quantity to be excavated or banked may be easy Figuring the cost for earthwork is difficult because of the various hidden items that may affect the cost.
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Slope Bracing or sheet-piling Dewatering

Specifications
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What is the extent of work covered? What happens to the excess excavated material? Can it be left on the site or must it be removed? If the excess must be removed, how far must it be hauled? Who does the clearing and grubbing? Who removes trees? Must the topsoil be stockpiled for future use? Where? Who is responsible for any trenching required for the electrical and mechanical trades?

Soil
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Type of soil Soil borings Site visitation

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Investigate the soil condition Long-handled shovel or post-hole digger

Swell and Compaction

Percentage of Swell & Shrinkage Material Sand and Gravel Loam Dense Clay Solid Rock Swell 10 to 18% 15 to 25% 20 to 35% 40 to 60% Shrinkage 95 to 100% 90 to 100% 90 to 100% 85%

Swell: % gained above the original volume Shrinkage: % reduced from the original volume

Determining Swell and Haul

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If 1,000 bank cubic yards (in place at natural density) of dense clay (30 percent swell) needs to be hauled away, how many cubic yards would have to be hauled away by truck? Cubic yards of haul = 1,000 cy x 1.3 = 1,300 cy

If 7 cy dump trucks will be used to haul this material away, how many loads would be required? Loads = 1,300 cy / 7 cy/load = 186 loads

Determining Shrinkage and Haul

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If 500 cy in-place of sand/gravel is required, how many loads would be required? Required cy = 500 in-place cy / .95 = 526 cy

If the 7 cy dump truck is used, how many loads would be required? Loads = 526 cy / 7 cy/load = 75 loads

Earth Work
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Requires cutting and filling to reshape the grade

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Cut and fill quantities be kept separate

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to see if the available cut material can be used for fill. to estimate the amount of effort required to convert the cut material into fill material.

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What type of hauling equipment will be used? Need for compaction equipment?

Sample Site Plan

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Contour line and spot elevations Contour lines connect points of equal elevation. Existing elevations dashed contour lines Proposed new elevations - solid lines

Cross-Section Method
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Dividing the site into a grid and determining the cut of fill for each of the girds Size of the gird is a function of
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Site Required changes Required level of accuracy

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The smaller the grid, the more accurate the quantity takeoff.

Cross-Section Method
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Determine the approximate current and planned elevation for each grid line intersection
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Contour lines rarely cross the grid intersections Estimation is needed Fill: Proposed elevation > Current elevation Cutting: Planned elevation < Current elevation.

Labeling Convention

Proposed Elevation

Current Elevation

Cut

Fill

Fill Volume of Grid 13

Point F2 G2 F3 G3 Planned Elevation 104.9 104.5 104.0 105.0 Existing Elevation 103.6 103.0 103.6 103.2 Fill (ft.) 1.3 1.5 0.4 1.8

Fill =

1.3'+1.5'+0.4'+1.8' 2,500 sf 4 = 3,125cf

Cut Volume of Grid 40

Point E6 F6 E7 F7 Planned Elevation 104.0 104.0 103.6 104.2 Existing Elevation 104.1 104.8 103.6 104.2 Cut (ft.) 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0

Cut =

0.1'+0.8'+0.0'+0.0' 2,500sf 4 = 563cf

Cut and Fill in the Same Grid

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Total change in elevation (C-D) =.3 +.7 = 1.0 change in elevation

Change in elevation per foot of run (C-D) = 1.0 / 50 = .02 per foot of run

How many feet must be moved along the line until there has been a .3-foot chane in elevation? .3 / .02 per foot of run = 15

Cut and Fill in the Same Grid

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Fill area

= 15 x 50 = 750sf Fill area = .5 x 14 x 50 = 350sf Total fill area = 750sf + 350sf = 1,100sf

.3'+.4'+0'+0' 1,100sf 4 = 193cf of fill .3'+.7'+0'+0' 1,400sf 4 = 350cf of cut

Cut and Fill

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Occasionally when the grid is divided, a portion of the grid will be neither cut nor fill.

Estimate Work Sheet

Fill Grid 1 1 2 3 4 0.3 0 1.3 Fill at Intersections 2 0 0 1.5 3 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.8 4 0 5 Pnts 4 3 4 Ave. 0.175 0.233 1.25 Area 1100 287.5 2500 Total 193 67 3,125 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.8 4 0.475 2500 1,188 Cut at Intersections 1 0 0.7 2 0.7 0 3 0 0 4 0.3 0.8 0.3 5 Cut Pnts 4 5 Ave. 0.25 0.3 Area 1400 2212.5 Total 350 664

Total Fill Cubic Feet Cubic Yards Shrinkage Factor Required Cubic Yards of Fill Net Cubic Yards to Purchase 0.95

36,317 1,345

Total Cut Cubic Feet Cubic Yards Swell Factor 0.25

7,453 276

1,416 1,071

Cubic Yards of Cut to Haul

345