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Whatisactuallyemittedfrom

What
is actually emitted from
AreaSources:
ResultsofaSpecialStudyof
Metals Recyclers
MetalsRecyclers
Arturo J. Blanco
Loren Raun, PhD*
Don Richner, CIH
Houston Department of Health and
Human Services
Bureau of Pollution Control and
Prevention

HoustonAirFacts:
A plethora of toxic pollutants are
Aplethoraoftoxicpollutantsare
emittedintoHouston'sairbymorethan400chemicalmanufacturing
facilities,including2ofthe4largestrefineriesintheU.S.

What are they?


Whatarethey?

Recyclemetalwaste
Si l
Simpletosophisticatedprocessandcontrols
hi i
d
d
l
Notallthesamefocus
ConsideredanAreaSource
No zoning
Nozoning
PermitbyRule

CMCMetals

AlliedAlloys

Time
15:50

15:35

15:20

15:05

14:50

14:35

14:20

14:05

13:50

13:35

13:20

13:05

12:50

12:35

12:20

12:05

50

11:50

200

11:35

11:20

11:05

10:50

10:35

700

10:20

750

10:05

9:50

9:35

9:20

-3

Conncentration(ug m )

PM10 and PM2.5 1/5/2012


PM10andPM2.51/5/2012

800

PM-10

650
PM-2.5

600

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

150
PM10 24h standard

100

PM2.5 24h standard

PriorityRankingSystemforEmissionSources
PriorityAssignedistotalofpoints
Points

Points

Death or serious injury onsite

Iron above LT ESL (not authorized)

E l i
Explosion
or fire
fi affecting
ff ti offsite
ff it

HAP VOC > ESL

Explosions onsite

VOCs > ST ESL

Fires onsite

VOCs > LT ESL

Adjacent Schools, Hospitals etc.

Many VOCs detected

Adjacent Residential

Nuisance Odor

Commercial

Freon compounds found

Industrial Area

PM exceeds ST ESL

Isolated Site

PM exceeds LT ESL

Large number of complaint <1 yr

Many PM spikes above ST ESL

Large number of complaint <5 yr

MS4 threatened by toxics

Few complaints in 5 yrs

MS4 threatened by nontoxics

No complaints

No MS4 issues identified

HAP metal > ESL

City NOVs or Citations

One or more metals > ST ESL

Opacity limit exceeded

One or more metals > LT ESL

Other agency NOV or Citation

Many metals detected

Metal Recyclers Priority Ranking November 2011


36

Holmes Road Recycling


Derichebourg Recycling USA @ Wharf
Rose Metal Processing

29

22
22

CMC Recycling
Allied Alloys
Texas Port Recycling

19
17
11

Bodner Metal & Iron Corporation


Spectrum Metal Recyclers
Proler Southwest

9
9
6

All Star Recycling


Derichebourg Recycling USA @ Wallisville
Robinson Iron & Metal
Southside Scrapp Metal

4
0
0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Sampling and Analysis


11 Metals and 75
VOCs:
Ag Cd Cr Cu Mn Ni
Pb Zn Fe Co Hg
Zn eliminated
Cr (VI)

TSP and PM10 1/5/2012


TSPandPM101/5/2012
4,500.0

4,000.0
4,000.0

3,500.0
TSP

Concentration(g/m3)

3,000.0
3,000.0

PM10
PM
10

2,500.0

2,000.0
2,000.0

1,500.0

1,000.0
1,000.0

500.0

9:21:36AM

10:33:36AM

11:45:36AM

12:57:36PM

2:09:36PM

3:21:36PM

4:33:36PM

HolmesRoad1/5/2012:
PM10fromTSP
f
1,600.0
1,400.0
1,200.0
1,000.0
800.0

R=0.97

600.0
400.0
200.0

Intercept
TSP

500 0
500.0

1 000 0
1,000.0

1 500 0
1,500.0

Coefficients
12.24
0.331

2 000 0
2,000.0

2 500 0
2,500.0

Standard
Error
8.17
0.006734

3 000 0
3,000.0

3 500 0
3,500.0

t Stat
1.49
49.3

4 000 0
4,000.0

4 500 0
4,500.0

P-value
P
value
0.13
6.61E-59

SummaryStatisticsofMetals(
Summary
Statistics of Metals (g/m3)
Variable

Min

Max

Mean Median

Cr(total)
Cu
Mn
Ni
Pb
Fe

72
72
72
65
69
65

0.013
0.02
0.02
0.038
0.06
0.375

1.641
2.63
2.02
2.07
6.22
354.00

Cd

12

0.014

0.09

0.0274 0.0195 0.0228 66.67%

Co

16

0.013

0.34

0.0583

0.018 0.0982 43.75%

Ag

0.022

0.15

0.0722

0.065

0.155
0.372
0.303
0.28
0.354
25.95

0.0575
0.202
0.196
0.116
0.15
10.95

SD

%NDs

0.237
0.45
0.399
0.394
0.79
50.45

15.28%
5.56%
5.56%
29.23%
37.68%
3.08%

0.05

20.00%

Risk
Methodology
h d l
RAGSPartF
RAGS
P tF
Risk=IURxEC
Toxicitydatafromregion3
calculator
Exposureconcentration
measuredthenassessedusing
EPAProUCL

ToxicityIUR
Default
Resident Risk-Based Screening Levels (RSL) for Air
ca=Cancer, nc=Noncancer, ca* (Where nc SL < 100 x ca SL),
ca** (Where nc SL < 10 x ca SL),
max=SL exceeds ceiling limit (see User's Guide), sat=SL exceeds csat

Noncarcinogenic
SL
HI=1
Screening Level
(ug/m3)
(ug/m3)

Inhalation Unit
Risk
(ug/m3)-1

IUR Ref

Chronic RfC
(mg/m3)

RfC Ref

Carcinogenic SL
TR=1.0E-6
(ug/m3)

Cadmium

1.80E-03

2.00E-05

1.35E-03

2.09E-02

1.35E-03 ca*

Chromium(VI)

8.40E-02

1.00E-04

1.14E-05

1.04E-01

1.14E-05 ca

Cobalt

9.00E-03

6.00E-06

2.70E-04

6.26E-03

2.70E-04 ca*

5.00E-05

5.21E-02

5.21E-02 nc

5.00E-05

5.21E-02

1.01E-02 ca**

Chemical

Manganese
Nickel
Refinery Dust

2.40E-04

Output generated 30APR2012:19:32:34

1.01E-02

TotalCancerRiskbyFacilityfromMetals

Risk

6.00E03

5.28E03
5.00E03
4.00E03
Risk

3.00E03

1/3Risk
1.76E03

2.00E03
1.00E03

1.18E04
3.94E05
3.94E
05

1.00E06

Site Specific Total Risk Estimate


SiteSpecificTotalRiskEstimate
COC
1,4Dichlorobenzene
1,4
Dichlorobenzene
Benzene
1,3Butadiene
Ethylbenzene
MethyleneChloride
Tetrachloroethylene
VinylChloride
CrVI
Ni
TotalVOCRisk
l
k
TotalMetalRisk
TotalRisk
TotalMetalRiskby1/3

IUR(ug/m3)1
1.10E05
1.10E
05
7.80E06
3.00E05
2 50E06
2.50E06
1.00E08
2.60E07
4 40E 06
4.40E06
8.40E02
2.40E04

Concug/m3
1.82E+00
3.07E+00
6.15E01
4 10E+00
4.10E+00
9.14E01
7.85E01
2 31E 01
2.31E01
0.008
0.234

CancerRisk
2.00E05
2.00E
05
2.39E05
1.85E05
1 02E05
1.02E05
9.14E09
2.04E07
1 01E 06
1.01E06
6.72E04
5.62E05
7.38E05
7.28E04
8.02E04
2.43E04

Population
P
l i
withina
Mileofthe
Metal
Recycler
(2010
Census)

CMCRecycling:
19466

Derichebourg:
7382
Cronimet:
12290

HolmesRoad:
3843

AlliedAlloys:
10631

DemographicsNearRecyclers:
DisadvantagedPopulation
d
d
l
MedianHouseholdIncome

%LessthanHSdegree

60000

70

50000

60

40000

50
40

30000
30
20000

20

10000

10

NATA Under Estimates


NATAUnder
Recycler
y
Metal

Facilityy X

Facilityy Y

Cr(VI)

Cr(VI)

Ni

Co

RiskCityofHouston

1.26E02

3.18E02

2.74E04

1.17E03

NATA Risk
NATARisk

2 61E 06
2.61E06

1 19E 05
1.19E05

3 72E 07
3.72E07

0 00E+00
0.00E+00

Recycler
Metal

Facility Z
Cr(VI)

Facility AA
Ni

Cr(VI)

Ni

Co

RiskCityofHouston

1.71E02 6.29E05 1.25E01 1.28E04 1.49E04

NATARisk

1.99E06 3.02E07 3.93E06 5.29E07 0.00E+00

Strengthes andWeaknesses
Strengths:
g
Measureddata
g
g
Negotiationleverage
Verifiableimprovements
Weaknesses:
y g
RelyingonPM10toTSPratio
TotalChromiumtoHexavalentratio

InSummary
Basedonthecurrentdataandassumptions,we
see a need to:
seeaneedto:
Validate our findings
Validateourfindings
Continue
Continuetoworkwithcompaniestoreduce
to work with companies to reduce
exposure
WorkwiththestatetorefinePBR
Workwiththeimpactedcommunities

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