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What
is actually emitted from
AreaSources:
ResultsofaSpecialStudyof
Metals Recyclers
MetalsRecyclers
Arturo J. Blanco
Loren Raun, PhD*
Don Richner, CIH
Houston Department of Health and
Human Services
Bureau of Pollution Control and
Prevention
HoustonAirFacts:
A plethora of toxic pollutants are
Aplethoraoftoxicpollutantsare
emittedintoHouston'sairbymorethan400chemicalmanufacturing
facilities,including2ofthe4largestrefineriesintheU.S.
Recyclemetalwaste
Si l
Simpletosophisticatedprocessandcontrols
hi i
d
d
l
Notallthesamefocus
ConsideredanAreaSource
No zoning
Nozoning
PermitbyRule
CMCMetals
AlliedAlloys
Time
15:50
15:35
15:20
15:05
14:50
14:35
14:20
14:05
13:50
13:35
13:20
13:05
12:50
12:35
12:20
12:05
50
11:50
200
11:35
11:20
11:05
10:50
10:35
700
10:20
750
10:05
9:50
9:35
9:20
-3
Conncentration(ug m )
800
PM-10
650
PM-2.5
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
150
PM10 24h standard
100
PriorityRankingSystemforEmissionSources
PriorityAssignedistotalofpoints
Points
Points
E l i
Explosion
or fire
fi affecting
ff ti offsite
ff it
Explosions onsite
Fires onsite
Adjacent Residential
Nuisance Odor
Commercial
Industrial Area
PM exceeds ST ESL
Isolated Site
PM exceeds LT ESL
No complaints
29
22
22
CMC Recycling
Allied Alloys
Texas Port Recycling
19
17
11
9
9
6
4
0
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
4,000.0
4,000.0
3,500.0
TSP
Concentration(g/m3)
3,000.0
3,000.0
PM10
PM
10
2,500.0
2,000.0
2,000.0
1,500.0
1,000.0
1,000.0
500.0
9:21:36AM
10:33:36AM
11:45:36AM
12:57:36PM
2:09:36PM
3:21:36PM
4:33:36PM
HolmesRoad1/5/2012:
PM10fromTSP
f
1,600.0
1,400.0
1,200.0
1,000.0
800.0
R=0.97
600.0
400.0
200.0
Intercept
TSP
500 0
500.0
1 000 0
1,000.0
1 500 0
1,500.0
Coefficients
12.24
0.331
2 000 0
2,000.0
2 500 0
2,500.0
Standard
Error
8.17
0.006734
3 000 0
3,000.0
3 500 0
3,500.0
t Stat
1.49
49.3
4 000 0
4,000.0
4 500 0
4,500.0
P-value
P
value
0.13
6.61E-59
SummaryStatisticsofMetals(
Summary
Statistics of Metals (g/m3)
Variable
Min
Max
Mean Median
Cr(total)
Cu
Mn
Ni
Pb
Fe
72
72
72
65
69
65
0.013
0.02
0.02
0.038
0.06
0.375
1.641
2.63
2.02
2.07
6.22
354.00
Cd
12
0.014
0.09
Co
16
0.013
0.34
0.0583
Ag
0.022
0.15
0.0722
0.065
0.155
0.372
0.303
0.28
0.354
25.95
0.0575
0.202
0.196
0.116
0.15
10.95
SD
%NDs
0.237
0.45
0.399
0.394
0.79
50.45
15.28%
5.56%
5.56%
29.23%
37.68%
3.08%
0.05
20.00%
Risk
Methodology
h d l
RAGSPartF
RAGS
P tF
Risk=IURxEC
Toxicitydatafromregion3
calculator
Exposureconcentration
measuredthenassessedusing
EPAProUCL
ToxicityIUR
Default
Resident Risk-Based Screening Levels (RSL) for Air
ca=Cancer, nc=Noncancer, ca* (Where nc SL < 100 x ca SL),
ca** (Where nc SL < 10 x ca SL),
max=SL exceeds ceiling limit (see User's Guide), sat=SL exceeds csat
Noncarcinogenic
SL
HI=1
Screening Level
(ug/m3)
(ug/m3)
Inhalation Unit
Risk
(ug/m3)-1
IUR Ref
Chronic RfC
(mg/m3)
RfC Ref
Carcinogenic SL
TR=1.0E-6
(ug/m3)
Cadmium
1.80E-03
2.00E-05
1.35E-03
2.09E-02
1.35E-03 ca*
Chromium(VI)
8.40E-02
1.00E-04
1.14E-05
1.04E-01
1.14E-05 ca
Cobalt
9.00E-03
6.00E-06
2.70E-04
6.26E-03
2.70E-04 ca*
5.00E-05
5.21E-02
5.21E-02 nc
5.00E-05
5.21E-02
1.01E-02 ca**
Chemical
Manganese
Nickel
Refinery Dust
2.40E-04
1.01E-02
TotalCancerRiskbyFacilityfromMetals
Risk
6.00E03
5.28E03
5.00E03
4.00E03
Risk
3.00E03
1/3Risk
1.76E03
2.00E03
1.00E03
1.18E04
3.94E05
3.94E
05
1.00E06
IUR(ug/m3)1
1.10E05
1.10E
05
7.80E06
3.00E05
2 50E06
2.50E06
1.00E08
2.60E07
4 40E 06
4.40E06
8.40E02
2.40E04
Concug/m3
1.82E+00
3.07E+00
6.15E01
4 10E+00
4.10E+00
9.14E01
7.85E01
2 31E 01
2.31E01
0.008
0.234
CancerRisk
2.00E05
2.00E
05
2.39E05
1.85E05
1 02E05
1.02E05
9.14E09
2.04E07
1 01E 06
1.01E06
6.72E04
5.62E05
7.38E05
7.28E04
8.02E04
2.43E04
Population
P
l i
withina
Mileofthe
Metal
Recycler
(2010
Census)
CMCRecycling:
19466
Derichebourg:
7382
Cronimet:
12290
HolmesRoad:
3843
AlliedAlloys:
10631
DemographicsNearRecyclers:
DisadvantagedPopulation
d
d
l
MedianHouseholdIncome
%LessthanHSdegree
60000
70
50000
60
40000
50
40
30000
30
20000
20
10000
10
Facilityy X
Facilityy Y
Cr(VI)
Cr(VI)
Ni
Co
RiskCityofHouston
1.26E02
3.18E02
2.74E04
1.17E03
NATA Risk
NATARisk
2 61E 06
2.61E06
1 19E 05
1.19E05
3 72E 07
3.72E07
0 00E+00
0.00E+00
Recycler
Metal
Facility Z
Cr(VI)
Facility AA
Ni
Cr(VI)
Ni
Co
RiskCityofHouston
NATARisk
Strengthes andWeaknesses
Strengths:
g
Measureddata
g
g
Negotiationleverage
Verifiableimprovements
Weaknesses:
y g
RelyingonPM10toTSPratio
TotalChromiumtoHexavalentratio
InSummary
Basedonthecurrentdataandassumptions,we
see a need to:
seeaneedto:
Validate our findings
Validateourfindings
Continue
Continuetoworkwithcompaniestoreduce
to work with companies to reduce
exposure
WorkwiththestatetorefinePBR
Workwiththeimpactedcommunities