Total slides: 37

Presentation time: 1,30 Hours

VACUUMOLOGY
Presented by : Diego Nicolini (Disan) Claudio Pozzati (Elmo Rietschle) Luca Ligas (Elmo Rietschle)

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Content of the vacuumology

1. Basic definitions (vacuum, motor) 2. Interaction between forces - How the vacuum works Technical about fluids 3. How many kind of motors Anatomy of a single phase Disan Motor Anatomy of a three phase Disan Motor

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Basic definitions (for vacuum)

1. Vacuum Power (mbar) 2. Airflow 3. Airloss 4. Airwatts 5. Dynamic vacuum 6. Orifice 7. Other techniques information

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Basic definitions (for motors)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. BYPASS COOLING THROUGH-FLOW MOTOR SIDE CHANNEL BOWER (SCB) MOTOR FREQUENCY CONVERTER

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Anatomy of the DISAN single-phase motor

BYPASS COOLING

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

THROUGH-FLOW MOTOR

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

SIDE CHANNEL BOWER (SCB)

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

HISTORY OF

1903 - Inventing the Liquidring-Pump

The first vacuum-cleaner

1961 - Inventing the SCB

October 2000

elmo vacuum technology GmbH

Founded

Elmo Vacuum Technology Gmbh

nash_elmo Industries
May 2002
Merger
Elmo Vacuum Technology Gmbh NASH Engineering Company

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps

nash_elmo Industries Gmbh

Gardner Denver Elmo Technology

July 2004, nash_elmo comes in

Gardner Denver Elmo Technology Develops, Produces and Commercializes Side Channel Blowers Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps Tailor-made Vacuum System

Elmo Rietschle
July 2005
Comes in
Side Channel Blowers Rotary Vane Pumps Rotary Lobe Pumps (Roots) Claw Pumps Screw Vacuum Pumps Engineered Solutions

New Division

Elmo Rietschle Products

Side

Channel Blowers Ring Pumps Vane Pumps Lobe Pumps (Roots) Vacuum Pumps Solutions

Liquid Rotary Rotary Claw

Pumps

Screw

Engimeered

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

The side-channel principle...

Gas is sucked in through the silencer When entering the side channel, the rotating impeller accelerates the gas towards the circumference The centrifugal force effect in the rotor blades transport the gas outwards, an increase of pressure also occurs. With each rotation, kinetic energy is supplied. Due to radial acceleration, the pressure rises along the side channel to the outlet. At the interceptor, the side channel is restricted and the gas is forced out of the machine by the blades.

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Exploded view...
cooling fan impeller motor

silencer cover housing base

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Housing with impeller...

Unterbrecher

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Advantages at a glance...

Environment friendly (no polluting flows) Maintenance free Compact & low weight Robust, optimized design Extreme little vibration in operation Low noise emission Installation in all directions possible Voltage-range motors for 50 / 60 Hz UL / CSA (UL507 and CSA22.2 No.100) approved IP55 Temperature class F (DURIGINIT IR 2000) Frequency converter operation Insensible to humid and dirty flows

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

ATEX design
All ATEX approved machines are manufactured in accordance with categories 3D, 3G, 3/2D and 3/2G. comply with temperature class T3 (with a (surface) temperature of max. 125C) fulfill the requirements of type of protection IP55 (type of protection IP65 for category 3/2D) have a fixed voltage supply at either 50 or 60 Hz

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Frequency converter...
Energy saving

No operation with overcapacity necessary Adjustment to required power no bypass control necessary higher efficiency of the SCB Power optimization to the process requirements Control loop: Pressure control

Process optimization

Less required space

up to 3-times more power at same size one SCB can cover various sizes

Reduced variance

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

SCB with FC

Frequency Converter Technology

Basics of Asynchronus motor

Basics of Asynchronus motor Mode of functioning energy converter ...

Electrical Energy voltage, current Mechanical Energy speed, torque

Basics of Asynchronus motor

Advantages:
z z z z

Disadvantages:
z z z

Simple Robust Cost efficient Low maintenance

Speed depends on the mains frequency High inrush current Low starting torque

Frequency Converter Technology

Basics of Frequency converter

Basics of Frequency Converter Technology Functional principle

z The frequency converter converts the constant mains supply into a variable mains with variable voltage and variable frequency.

Voltage and frequency are changed, proportionally to another, up to the maximum frequency converter output voltage (= mains voltage)

Frequency Converter Technology

Advantages of frequency converter technology

Advantages Overview
z z z z

Increasing power density of standard blowers Cost reduction Energy savings Process optimization Operational reliability

Advantages Increasing power density

Characteristic diagram SCB without F.C. 2.2 kW 50 Hz
Suction capacity V [m / h]

Characteristic diagramm SCB with F.C. 2.2 kW 86 Hz

Vacuum

Total pressure difference p [mbar]

Pressure

Relationship between Pressure Sensor and FC F. C. Process optimization

300m3/h , 140 mbar , 40hz (8mA)

Pressure Sensor

450m3/h , 140 mbar , 55hz (12mA)

600m3/h , 140 mbar , 67hz (15mA)

Cost reduction Blower load according to the nominal power

Cost reduction Energy consumtion

Advantages
z

Increasing power density of the blower (87Hz operation) AC motors for 220V/380V, 50Hz can, if used with a frequency converter,
can be operated at 380V / 87Hz when they are connected in delta. Minimal frequency admitted: 25-30 Hz The speed will be thereby increased by 173% The power will be increased by 173%. The frequency converter must be sized according to the increased power. Example: a 2,2 Kw / 50Hz motor for star connection delivers 3,8 Kw at 87Hz if connected in delta

z z z z

Frequency Converter Technology

Product range

Accessories and Attributes Standards and approvals

z z z

CSA and UL certified EMC conformity RFI Filter class B

Accessories and Attributes Standard protection measures

z z z z

Over-voltage protection Short-circuit protection Over-temperature protection of the converter Thermal motor-protection with PTC as standard on the integrated, optional on the external converters

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Technical data to keep in mind 1. Airflow for each operator at flexible hose end: 80/90 mc/h at inlet: 120/130 mc/h 2. Suction power during the operations dynamic vacuum: whatever inlet: 120/140 mbar 2. Air speediness range in all the tubing : 15-25 mt/sec. 2. Tubing 50 keeps 1 operator 3. Tubing 63 keeps 2 operators 4. Tubing 80 keeps 4 operators 5. Tubing 100 keeps 5/6 operators

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

The vacuum is the consequence of two values: SUCTION POWER and AIRFLOW Vacuum = Depression and Airflow The suction power or depression is a negative force, that we get extending the space containing the same quantity of molecules, getting a different density in comparison to atmospheric pressure around. The value can be measured in mbar or in inch/H2O 100 mbar = 40,147 inches/H2O (39,2F) The airflow is the quantity of air passing through a duct in a certain lapse of time. It is normally measured in m3/h or Cubic Feet per Minute CFM :

300

Suction Power

250

VACUUM CURVE The combination of every single value yields the vacuum curve

200

150

100

50

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Airflow

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Trade-off Depression vs. Airflow graphique Main DISAN motors

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

How to move on the vacuum curve? Modifying the orifice, thus the bottleneck or duct where the air flows Orifice zero means there is no passing air and so suction power is maximal. Orifice totally open means the airflow is maximal and vacuum power tends to zero

6,35

10

15,8

25

32

35
300

Suction power

250

40
200

BEST ORIFICE There is an orifice on curve where the efficiency between airflow and suction power is maximal

150

100

50

50

63

APPROXIMATION The orifice is not only given by the end of the tubing or hose, but even by airloss (resistance) of the piping network

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Airflow

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

What is AIRWATT?
An Airwatt is a measurement used to determine the actual cleaning capability of a vacuum system . This is the measurement that is recognized by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) . The mathematical formula for an airwatt is as follows: Suction power (in inches of water) x Airflow (in CFM) 8.5 In decimal values: Suction power (in mbar / 2,54) x Airflow (in m3/h /1,69) 8.5 for example an SCB 2.2kw = (150/2,54) x (183/1.69) = 752 airwatts (W) 8,5 Thats mean that suction alone does not make a vacuum clean efficiently , it also requires airflow (movement) to pick up dirt. Higher airwatt ratings mean higher airflow and suction , resulting in better cleaning efficiency . The result of, airwatt / absorbed power ratio = efficiency pumps.

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Calculating at every historic point the Airwatts we have the airwatts curve Vacuum (in inches of water) x Air Flow (in CFM) 8.5 Transformed in our common values: Vacuum (in mbar / 2,54) x Air Flow (in m3/h /1,69) 8.5

720

600

Air Watt Suction power

480

360

240

120

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105

Airflow Orifice (mm)

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

What is airloss? Loss of dynamic power for fluids or gas conducted. Depending by:
1. 2. 3. 4. Speediness of air (alike motion in ducts motion resistance) Friction coefficient, Filter performance (linked with CVS) Conduct shape (+ curves, TEE, ..) + inclination

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

By effect of airloss the vacuum curve moves towards down, with emphasis on the airflow and less on suction power, which at orifice zero tends to be the same. Thus for diminishing of both factors even the airwatt curve move downwards, and even the best orifice

720

720

Suction power

600

600

480

Air Watt

480

360

360

240

240

120

120

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84

Orifice in mm.
150 200 250

50

100

300

350

Airflow

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Where is airloss in the CVS?

15 30 % for the filter (performance degree filtration state of usage) 10 15 % in PVC solid network (without leaks!) 20 35 % in flexible hose (2-4% each meter)

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Other parameters: Air Speed Air speed should be not lower than 15 m/s, but not higher than 30 m/s

What happens if air speed is too low: 1. Risk of blockages, some heavy debris can stop in the tubing and cause clogs What happens if air speed is too high: 1. The airloss is over proportional, for some physical laws the system is inefficient 2. The airflow make noisy whistles

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Relation between Airflow Diameter Speed

INPUT 50 INPUT 17 Airflow mc/h 120

Diameter mm. Air speed m/s

INPUT Airflow mc/h 400

INPUT Air speed m/s 22

Diameter mm 80

INPUT Airflow mc/h 80

INPUT Diameter mm. 32

Speed m/s 27,6

Other techniques information

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Flow velocities in m/s for different volume flows and pipe diameters

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Influence of Altitude (Pressure Air density)

Every amount of air in our atmosphere is compressed by the mass of the air above. Since on sea level there is more air above to compress the atmosphere than in a certain height, the ambient pressure obviously decreases with an increasing height.
dp p, dh

Fig. 3.2.1. Thin layer of air in a certain height h

p0, 0

h=0

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Influence of Altitude (Efficiency Motor)

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Efficiency

The Motor and SCB efficiency is affected from:

Altitude Air density Temperature Ambient Pressure

1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Many thanks for your attention and good luck!