Review for Laboratory Exercise 9 - The Axial Skeleton 1.

Identify the following bones and landmarks of skull: Anterior View of the Skull Parietal bone Maxilla (bone) Coronal suture Frontal bone Zygomatic bone Mandibular foramen Lateral View of the Skull Parietal bone Squamous suture External auditory meatus Zygomatic bone Zygomatic process Coronal suture Coronoid process Lambdoid suture Inferior View of the Skull Palatine bone Mandibular fossa Styloid process Palatine process of maxilla Occipital condyle Mastoid process Floor of the Cranial Cavity Sella turcica Jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus Cribriform plate Foramen spinosum Lacrimal bone Temporal bone Mental foramen Nasal bone Ethmoid bone Supraorbital foramen Mandibular condyle Maxilla Temporal bone Mastoid process Mandible Frontal bone Mandibular fossa Sphenoid bone Incisive fossa Foramen magnum Carotid canal Jugular foramen Stylomastoid foramen Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Crista galli Optic foramen/canal Foramen lacerum Foramen rotundum Vomer bone Mandible Infraorbital foramen Inferior orbital fissure Sphenoid bone Inferior nasal concha Ethmoid bone Mandibular foramen Mental foramen Lacrimal bone Occipital bone Occipitomastoid suture Styloid process

Parietal bone Temporal bone Vomer bone Sphenoid bone

Parietal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone

2. Identify the special features associated with each of the following landmarks or bones:
Landmark Foramen magnum Stylomastoid foramen Jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus Carotid canal Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica Optic canal Special Feature Passageway for spinal cord Passageway for cranial nerve VII Passageway for cranial nerves IX, X, and XI Passageway for cranial nerves VII and VIII Passageway for internal carotid artery Seat of the pituitary gland Passageway for optic nerve Landmark Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Sphenoid bone Lacrimal fossa Cribriform plate Superior and middle nasal conchae Special Feature Passageway for cranial nerves III, IV, V (ophthalmic division), VI Passageway for maxillary division of cranial V Passageway for mandibular division of cranial V Keystone of the cranium Location of the lacrimal sac Passageway for the filaments of cranial nerve I Form lateral walls of nasal cavity

3. Name the skull bones that house the paranasal sinuses: ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, and frontal. 4. Identify the following landmarks of hyoid bone: body, greater horn (cornu), and lesser horn (cornu) 5. Name the auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes 6. Identify the regions of the vertebral column: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx. 7. Identify the following bones and features associated with the vertebral column. In addition, distinguish between the different types of vertebrae in their disarticulated form. Atlas (1st Cervical) Axis (2nd Cervical) Cervical (7 Total) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (3, 4, or 5 fused) Intervertebral foramen Intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

8. Identify the following landmarks of the vertebrae. Note: not all vertebrae possess each of the following features. Students are responsible for knowing which landmarks are unique to each vertebrae. Odontoid process/dens Spinous process Vertebral foramen Body Transverse process Transverse foramina Pedicle Facet/demifacet Superior articulating process Inferior articulating process Lamina

9. Identify the following landmarks and features associated with the bones of the thoracic cage. In addition, distinguish between True and False ribs. Sternum Manubrium (handle) Body (gladiolus) Jugular notch Xiphoid process Sternal angle Clavicular notch Types of Ribs True (1 - 7) False (8 - 12) Floating (11 and 12) Total of 12 pairs = 24 Features of a Rib: Head Neck Shaft/Body Tubercle Angle