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Welcome. I am delighted you all could join us.

Personalized Medicine.
People have been talking about Personalized Medicine and changing healthcare from reactive to proactive for decades. Now with rapidly evolving new technology , including cloud computing, computers are able to generate, store and analyze large volumes of data. There are three main trends in harnessing these large amounts of data or Big Data to make leaps into personalizing the Healthcare experience. Genomics sequencing and ultimately analyzing the human genome, and the effect of the genome on individual diseases Cancer/Clinical Trials using EMR/EHR, along with mobile data, pharma data, and a number of types of data to look at the bigger picture of an individuals health Mobile Health Smartphones have permeated society, and now they are moving to healthcare. Individuals are utilizing smartphones to monitor and improve health outside the hospital.

First off we have Genomics. What is genomics? It is the study of the human genome. With the influx in technology, cloud computing allows researchers to store and analyze huge sets of data, like the human genome. The primary focus of current genomics is on sequencing the genome affordably. However there are researchers and companies also looking at analyzing the genome and applying the information to causes for diseases.

The history of genomics research can be traced back to 1956, when Rosalie Franklin, Watson, Crick and Wilkins discovered the structure of DNA and recreated the double helix model.
Recently, researchers have used Big Data technology to sequence the human genome and better understand the role genomics plays in health and disease.

Research in the field of genomics has come a long way in the past 60 years. The most significant effort in studying the genome and its effect on disease, was the Human Genome Project which changed sequencing form a manual process to an automated computer based one, that used the existing technology. Not only was it monumental in the study of genomics but also stands as an early example of data sharing between public and private entities.
The project began in 1990, and was completed 13 years later in 2003. Goals of the project included: sequencing, storing and improving tools for genome analysis. After successfully sequencing the genome the project will transfer the work to the private sector. The Human Genome project was a project sponsored by the US Department of Energy and the NIH. The project developed the technology to identify, analyze, and sequence all 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA.

By the time the Human Genome Project was completed the cost to sequence the Human Genome was $40 million, down from $95 million just two years before.
Academics and companies have been working hard to make sequencing affordable and therefore available to the public. Today the Human Genome can be sequenced for around $5000 consistently and accurately.

Today the cost is around $5000 per genome which is not affordable for the average patient. And genomic information can go a long way in personalizing medicine.
However, it is clear that this is the future of medicine, and I along with many experts in the field are predicting that we will reach the $100 genome in the next couple of years.

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Here are some of the companies that are not only working on making sequencing an affordable and routine part of healthcare, but also analyzing the genome. They are closing the gap between sequencing and analyzing taking the sequenced genome data and tuning it into information.
NextBio Bina Technologies Portable Genomics These companies work sequencing the genome and storing the information alongside other data, in order to analyze and personalize medical treatments and trials.

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Beginning with Bina Technologies. Bina has created a platform that allows users to take genomic sequence data, move it, and analyze it. They use a hybrid architecture that keeps some data on the premises and some in the cloud, pushing computation back to where the data is in order to reduce the data 1000 fold and speed up sequencing time and facilitating movement of the data. They are not working on any specific disease, but on creating a platform that can be used for large data sets like genomic data. Bina illustrates the power of genomics to improve population health. Portable Genomics uses a mobile visualization platform for genomics that is related to the consumers well-known iTunes platform. The visualization concept brings genomics to consumers and professionals in a very simple way, immediately understandable and useable in personalized and preventative medicine. They are currently focusing on chronic diseases. Portable Genomics exemplifies bringing the power of information to the individual, Lastly we have NextBio, which uses a cloud platform that sits on top of existing health systems to aggregate the medical data. It is the epitome of a One Stop Shop for genomics, with a particular emphasis in Cancer. Their platform enables genetic counselors, pathologists or the tumor board to make decisions regarding patient personalized care.

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How is genomics contributing to the Personal Healthcare ecosystem?

Personal genomics is a key enabler for predictive medicine, for which a patients genetic profile can be used to determine the most appropriate medical treatment. People dont come in the same shapes or sizes, so medicine should accommodate that. By combining sequenced genomic data to EMRs and other medical data, physicians and researchers will get a better picture of disease in an individual. Subsequently, treatments will reflect an individuals illness, and not a one treatment fits all for diseases.

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In addition to genomics in personalizing healthcare, cancer and clinical trials are personalizing the healthcare experience.
Combining clinical trial data and genomic data, researchers have shifted focus on diagnosing and treating cancer based on the cell mutation and not on the area of the body from which it stems. For example treating the kind of mutation that causes breast cancer, instead of treating all breast cancers as breast cancer.

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Cancer is a huge problem; in 2010 the CDC reported cancer as the leading cause of death in the United States. Ranking second to Australia the US has the highest cancer rate in the world, making it a focal point in efforts to improve healthcare and personalize the healthcare experience.

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Many of the deaths from cancer are due to inefficient drug treatments.
As we can see by the pie chart, cancer drugs are ineffective for 75% of the population.

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However we can see that this inefficiency is not only the case in cancer, but across the board for a number of diseases. (Or alternately we can see even among inefficient drug treatments cancer treatments remain the most inefficient)
Despite the fact that pharma spends 50 billion dollars per year on R&D to find drugs that work, we still see high levels of inefficiency. In an attempt to make cancer and other treatments more effective for individuals, small start-up companies have turned their attention to using Big Data and data analytics to personalize treatments.

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Here are some of the companies focusing on personalizing treatment for Cancer:

Explorys Ayasdi GNS

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Explorys is a cloud-based platform for storage and analysis of all clinical, financial, and operational data related to patient care. To give you an example of size, it has 14 integrated delivery networks, with 200 hospitals, 40 Million patients and 100 billion data elements. It works in Clinical Trials, the idea is to aggregate patient information and analyze it on a real time basis.
Ayasdi uses a more esoteric topological analysis, a math of shapes, on their Iris platform, to visualize data in a multidimensional graphic to easily show outliers and high or low-response groups in the data, even without pre-specifying the characteristics of those clusters. Their research is furthest in Cancer, where they have developed a Cancer Genome, and have used their platform to find new biomarkers in Cancer. GNS Healthcare uses standard math and statistical principles to create what if, scenario models. Their REF next generation machine learning cloud platform engine extracts predictive models from the data to determine comparative effectiveness and create simulations across an entire patient population and on an individual level. They have established themselves in many aspects of healthcare and are now taking their expertise to genomics.

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By personalizing cancer treatment to the type of cell and not the area of the body, cancer deaths should decrease exponentially.
A possible example is pharmaceutical developers, who integrate population clinical data sets with genomics data, to better drugs approved in the first place and more importantly, to get the right drug to the right person at the right time.

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In addition to genomics, cancer and clinical trials, mobile health is a driving force in personalizing the healthcare experience. In the current digital health revolution mobile phones and social media have redefined how we communicate, and online games have redefined the gaming community drawing in a much larger audience. Now healthcare is seeking to harness this power to improve health.

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Cheaper, faster, better technology is enabling most of us to connect with each other anytime, anywhere; while specialized networks have changed the way we live, work and play.
Mobile is ubiquitous; a 2013 Pew pool reported that 135.5 million American adults own smartphones up from 80 million in 2010 with more exponential growth expected. Mobile access anytime, anywhere through smart gadgets is putting cheap, connected mobile computing power in the hands of millions of consumers and healthcare practitioners.

Gaming has become an increasingly acceptable part of society, and now health apps are utilizing this to improve and make managing chronic conditions or complicated regimens easier.
Social applications of the apps include not just networking but crowdsourcing in healthcare. Similar in concept to Weight Watchers and Alcoholics Anonymous we see the online social networks that gives peer-to-peer support as a means to gather motivation and support health related activities.

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Today there are over 96,000 health apps for mobile devices. Dr. Eric Topol Professor of Genomics at The Scripps Research Institute, and author of The Creative Destruction of Medicine: How the Digital Age Will Create Better Healthcare, shows us what can be done with just a few of these mobile health apps.

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As the info graphic shows, of the 312 million people living in the US, mobile health apps can help over 124 million people with hypertension, 105 million obese adults, 21 million people with sleep apnea, 79 million pre-diabetics and 81 million adults with cardiovascular disease. These are huge numbers and this just addresses chronic disorders.

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The potential for health apps and games are clear. Of smartphone users, 44% are looking at using health apps in the future and see it as a way to better adhere to treatment regiments. Of non-smartphone users, there is still an interest in using mobile apps to improve health.

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Here are some of the companies that are harnessing the power of mobile to improve and personalize healthcare:
Brain Resource AchieveMint Aetna CarePass, Ginger.io and OneHealth

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How is Mobile contributing to the Personalized Health ecosystem? Mobile offers a way for individuals to not only keep track of their own health, but to collect information in real time. Patients can monitor their own health and be motivated to make healthy decisions about eating and exercising, along with managing medication adherence. Now patients can literally take their health into their own hands

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As of date, patients arent seeing Genomics, Mobile. Cancer and Clinical Trial research in their trips to the hospitals. Comparatively few people have their genome sequenced or their personal health data in their hand. Although mobile health apps are catching on and there are exciting examples and success stories in Cancer and Clinical trials using genomics data, these are just a precursors of the future. But to truly make a lasting impact on healthcare, and centering medical care on the patient, companies and entities are going to have to engage in data sharing.

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An answer to this bottleneck is data sharing.

The scientific community, researchers and even companies are incentivized and compensated based on their individual results, publications, and products. Data sharing is an idea that promotes opening up data and technologies by sharing ideas in order to improve the product. There are a number of successful examples of such data sharing, including the Human Genome Project which I talked about earlier. The Project illustrates data sharing between public the government - and private company- entities.

Other examples of data sharing exist between start up companies and academia, they include: Harvard Medical School & GNS Healthcare Ayasdi & UCSF Medical Center NextBio & Emory University Oregon Health and Sciences University & Intel MD. Anderson and Oracle

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These are just the beginning steps in sharing data. We need data and sharing on a much larger scale and data sharing to improve the healthcare experience in the United States.

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How can you as an individual participate in data sharing? The answer is Citizen Science. Different from Data Sharing, citizen science is a form of crowdsourcing dealing with the collection and analysis of parts of the data.
There are two layers to citizen science, collection of data from individual citizens and analysis of data by individual citizens. In healthcare, anyone can donate their data like their genomic data or EMR data for clinical trials, or collect data on themselves through mobile apps. Stephen Friend, White House Champion of Change and President, Co-Founder & Director of Sage Bionetworks succinctly and accurately explained Citizen science is the equivalent of a night science raid on nature. They can grab something and come back with results.

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Are you doing your part in data sharing? Would you like to share your data? Would you like to join the citizen science movement to catalyze the personalization of the healthcare experience? Here are three great ways to get involved:
1.Stephen Friends company Sage Bionetworks is the epitome of data sharing. Working in an open environment and promoting collaboration across disciplines members can combine their knowledge and expertise to make new discoveries. 2.uBiome lets you donate your xxxx for science 3.Online there are a number of sites like ScieStarter with games like Fold-it that allow individuals to take part in the analysis of data

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Data sharing and citizen science is driving this revolution, and promoting the aggregation of genomics, cancer research, drug research and mobile health to personalize the healthcare experience.
The future of Healthcare is moving to the individual. From genomics to cancer and clinical trials, to mobile health. No longer will our health data be slipped into Medical records in drawers in the far reaches of the hospital. No longer will we have to wait long hours in an Emergency room. These elements of health are finally making Personalized Healthcare a part of healthcare in the near future. In the next five years, we will be holding our health into our own hands being treated with more accurate and efficient treatments using new data streams and taking a holistic view of the patient. Using Big Data to personalize the healthcare experience.

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Sharing song with the hands slide

Come together at the end

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