TASK OF MEDIA AND LEARNING RESOURCE OF BIOLOGY

DEFINITION, ESSENCE, CLASSIFICATION, AND THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MEDIA LEARNING

ARRANGED BY: GROUP III

NOVIANA ASTUTI IRNA SAKIR (1114040188) SRI WAHYUNINGSIH (1114040199) RIZKY WILDAYANI (1114040201)

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE FACULTY MAKASSAR STATE UNIVERSITY 2013

A. Definition of Learning Media Media can be defined by their technology, symbol systems, and capabilities processing. The most obvious characteristic of a medium is its technology, the mechanical and electronic aspects that determine its function and to some extent its shape and other physical features. These are the characteristics that are commonly used to classify a medium as a "television," a "radio," and so on. (Haas, 1989). The word media is plural form of the word defined as an intermediary or the introduction medium. Medium can be communications from the

sender to the recipient (Heinich et.al., 2002; Ibrahim, 1997; Ibrahim et.al., 2001). Media is one of the components of the communication, ie as a carrier message from the communicator to the communicant (Criticos, 1996). Based on the definition such, it can be said that the learning process is a process of communication. Learning process contains five components of communication, teachers (communicator), instructional materials, instructional media, student (communicant), and learning objectives. Based on explanation above, learning media is anything that can be used to channel message (study materials), so it can stimulate attention, interest, thoughts, and feelings of students in learning activities to achieve the learning objectives. B. Nature of Learning Media 1. Learning In Process Communication Learning is an activity that involves a person in an effort to acquire the knowledge, skills, and positive values by utilizing various sources to learning. Learning involves two parties, namely the students as learner and the teacher as a facilitator. Relation that learning requires interaction, this suggests that the learning process is a communication process, meaning inside there is a process of delivering a message from someone (source message) to a person or group of people (recipients of the message. The merits of a communication channel is supported by the use of (media) in the communication. Because learning is basically a process of communication, the media are included in instructional

media. Use a variety of teaching and learning materials that represent all modalities (i.e., that make use of all the senses, that employ different media, and so on). 2. Position of Media in Learning Systems System is a totality which comprises a number of interlocking components or interrelated and mutually influence each other. Learning to say as a system because it contains components that are interrelated to achieve those objectives. C. Classification of Learning Media There are several methods used to classify media, one with emphasis on the techniques used in the manufacture of media, some are judging by the way that is used to send a message. 1. Media Group a) Media Graphics Media graphics is a visual media that presents the facts, ideas, or ideas through the presentation of the words, words, numbers, and symbols / images. Which includes graphic media, among others: 1) Graphs 2) Diagram 3) Chart 4) Sketch 5) Poster 6) Flannel Board 7) Bulletin Board b) Print Media Print media is visual media is making through the process of printing / printing or offset. Kind, among others: 1) Textbooks, is a book about a particular field of study or science compiled to facilitate teachers and students in an effort to achieve the learning objectives.

2) Module, which is a suite of programs compiled in the form of specific units and be designed for the benefit of student learning. 3) Programmed Teaching materials, namely individualized teaching program package, almost together with the module. The difference, programmed instructional materials is organized in small topics for each page c) Media Silent Media silent is a visual media in the form of images generated through the process of photography. 1) Projection Media Silent Media silent projection is projected visual media or media projecting the message, where the results of the projections are not moving or have little elements of the movement. These media types are: OHP / OHT, Opaque Projector, Slide and Filmstrip. 2) Media Audio Audio media is media that communicates its message can only be received by the senses hearing. This audio media types are: Media Radio: Audio media is that it communicates its message through the wave beam of an electromagnetic transmitter. Media Magnetic Tape Recorder Tool: Is a media that presents its message through audio cassette recording process. 3) Audio Visual Media Silent Silent audiovisual media is media that communicates its message can be received by sense of hearing and vision, but the images it produces are still images or fewer have the element of motion. 4) Movie (Motion fictures) A series of still images (still fictures) that glides quickly and projected so that the impression of life and movement. 5) Television

Television is a medium that can display messages audiovisual and motion (the same the film). These types include: Flat open (open broadcast television), television limited broadcast / TVST (Cole circuit Television / CCTV) and video-cassette recorder (VCR). 6) Multi Media A delivery system by using different types of learning materials which form a unit or package.

2. Classification of learning media according to the experts

Classified based learning media consumption purposes and characteristics of media types. There are five models of classification: a) According to Schramm, the media is classified as a medium for complex, expensive, and media simple. Schramm also grouped according to ability of media coverage, namely (1) widespread coverage and simultaneously like TV, radio, and facsimile; (2) limited coverage in the room, such as films, videos, slides, posters, audio tape, (3) media for learning individual, such as books, modules, learning to program a computer telephone dam. b) According to Gagne, the media are classified into seven groups, which object to demonstrated, oral communication, print media, still images, moving images, movies voice, and machine learning. The seven groups of instructional media is associated the ability to fulfill the functions of learning are developed according to the hierarchy, the thrower stimulus learning, towing interest in learning, behavioral learning example, gives external conditions, guided way of thinking, put over science, assess performance, and feedback providers. c) According to Allen, there are nine media groups, namely: visual silence, movies, television, three-dimensional objects, recording,

programmed lessons, demonstrations, textbooks print, and oral presentation. In addition to classifying, Allen also links the types of instructional media and learning objectives to be achieved. Allen saw

that, certain media have certain advantages for learning purposes but weak for the purpose of learning. Allen revealed six learning objectives, among others: factual information, visual recognition, principles and concepts, procedures, skills, and attitudes. Each media type has different abilities to achieve goals learning; there is a high, medium, and low. d) According to Gerlach and Ely, the media is grouped based on its physical characteristics the eight groups, namely the actual objects, verbal presentations, presentation graphics, still images, moving images, sound recordings, programmed instruction, and simulation. e) According to Ibrahim, the media is grouped by size and complex absence of tools and equipment over five groups, namely media without projecting two dimensions; media without the threedimensional projection; media audio; media projections; television, video, computer. Based on an understanding of the classification of learning media, will make it easier for teachers or other practitioners in the selection medium just in time learning plan to achieve specific goals. Election media are adapted to the purpose, materials, as well as the capabilities and characteristics learners, will strongly support the efficiency and effectiveness of processes and learning outcomes. D. Important Role of Instructional Media In general, the media have utility: 1. Clarify the message that is not too verbalitas. 2. Overcome the limitations of space, time, effort and resources senses. 3. Excite learning, more direct interaction with the students anatar source learning. 4. Allows children to learn independently in accordance with the talents and abilities of visual, auditory and kinesthetic. Member of the same stimuli, likening the experience and cause the same perception.

In addition, the contribution of instructional media by Kemp and Dayton, 1985: 1. Delivery of messages can be standardized learning 2. Learning can be more attractive 3. Learning becomes more interactive by applying the theory of learning 4. Implementation of learning time can be shortened 5. Quality of learning can be improved 6. The learning process can take place whenever and wherever needed 7. Students' positive attitudes toward learning materials and the learning process can be enhanced 8. Anomalies positive towards the role of the teacher. In relation to the function of learning media, the following points can be emphasized this: 1. The use of instructional media is not an additional function, but has individual functions as a means to help achieve the learning situation more effective. 2. Learning Media is an integral part of the overall learning process. This implies that learning media as one of the components that are not standalone but interacts with components other in order to create learning situations that are expected. 3. Instructional tools in use should be relevant to the competencies to be achieved and the learning content itself. This function implies that use of media in teaching must always look to the competence and teaching materials 4. The media serves as a tool of learning not entertainment, so do not allowed to use it just for games or fishing only the students' attention. 5. Instructional media bias serves to accelerate the learning process. This function implies that the medium of learning, students can capture objectives and teaching materials more quickly and easily.

6. Instructional media serves to improve the quality of teaching and learning process. In general, the results of student learning using learning media will durable settles so quality learning has a high value. 7. Instructional media laying concrete foundations for thinking, therefore it can reduce the occurrence of verbal illness.

In addition to these functions, the learning media has value and benefits as the following: 1. Make concrete abstract concepts. 2. Presenting objects that are too dangerous or difficult to obtain in the environment learning. 3. Displays objects that are too large or small. 4. Shows the movement is too fast or to slow.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Draft Version of Learning For All. 2011. A Guide to Effective Assessment and Instruction for All Students, Kindergarten to Grade 12. Ontario Fadhilah, Afrizal. 2008. Analyzing Task Learning Media Books. Jakarta: Indonesia University of Education. Kozma, R.B. 1991. Learning with Media. Review of Educational Research, 61(2), 179-212. Santyasa, I Wayan. 2007. Conceptual Foundation of Instructional Media. Ganesha University of Education.

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