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Contents
To
the
Teacher
iv
v i 2 ,4 6 11 12 14 16
21
ESSENTIAL READING SKILLS UNIT 1

C hapter 1 C hapter 2 C hapter 3 U N IT 2 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 U n it 3 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 A m e r ic a n C u lt u r e : D in e r s Edw ard Hopper: American Artist Diners Saving a Piece of America FILM ST U D IE S: T h e EN TERTAINM ENT INDUSTRY Carole Lom bard: Actress Bollywood Star-M aking p s y c h o lo g y : t h e m in d -b o d y c o n n e c t io n Denise Austin: Fitness Expert Bridal Boot Cam p Com petition Yoga U .S . h i s t o r y : t h e o l d w e s t T he Legend of Black Bart T he California Gold Rush T he Pony Express a n th r o p o lo g y : to te m p o le s Emily Carr: Painter of Totem Poles Jangseung: Totem Poles in Korea History Speaks: W hat Does a Totem Pole Say? a r c h it e c t u r e : v is u a l a r t Julia M organ: Architect H earst Castle T he Problem at H earst Castle NATU RA L HISTORY: AN IM A LS OF TH E PA ST M arsh and Cope: T he Bone Wars T he M orrison Form ation of Colorado H unting for Fossils in Los Angeles te c h n o lo g y : c o m p u te r s a n d t h e in t e r n e t Steve Jobs: M odern Inventor T he New Silicon Valley Technology Changes O ur Lives
22 24 26
31
U n it 4
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3
32 34 36
41
U n it 5
42 44 46
51
U n it 6
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 U N IT 7 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3
52 54 56 61 62 64 66
71
U n it 8
72 74 76
E ssen tial R eading Skills: Answ er Key and E xplanations Vocabulary Index C om m on Irregular Verbs
81 84 86
TO THE TEACHER
Welcome to P a n o ra m a 1, a reading skills text for beginning level students. P a n o ra m a 1 combines high-interest reading passages from the content areas with a strong vocabulary strand and extensive reading skills practice to prepare students for the challenges of academic reading. Each of the eight m ain units consists of three chapters, and each chapter has a thematically-linked reading passage. T he first passage is about a person, the second about a related place, and the third about a related concept or event. T he book begins with an introductory unit, E ssen tial R ead in g Skills, that presents and practices the core reading skills needed for academic success. R eading P assage Each reading in Book 1 is about 225 words. T he language is carefully graded using the Fry Readability Scale so that students gain confidence in reading; the average Fry Readability Score in Panoram a 1 is 5.0. C heck Your C om p reh en sion These m ultiple-choice questions check students understanding of the passage. T he questions include key skills such as understanding the m ain idea, reading for details, and reading for inference. V ocabulary R eview T his section reviews the vocabulary presented in the unit. It includes a wide variety of activities, such as Words in Context (filling in the gaps), Which Meaning? (choosing the definition that fits), W rong Word (finding the word that doesnt fit the group), Word Families (choosing the p art of speech that fits), and Crossword Puzzles. T hese activities help students use the new words as p art of their active vocabulary. W rap It Up T his final section of the unit gives students the opportunity to discuss the them e of the unit with m ore confidence and holistic understanding. T he last activity asks students to respond in writing about the passage they enjoyed the most. This activity reinforces what students have learned about the u n its them e. The Essential Reading Skills: Answer Key and Explanations, a Vocabulary Index, and a list of Com m on Irregular Verbs can be found at the back of the book for easy reference.
W h a t is i n e a c h u n i t ?
B efore You R ead This opening page introduces the them e of the unit. T he questions and photographs can be used to activate students prior knowledge and stimulate discussion before reading. P repare to R ead This section introduces the topic of the chapter. T he questions and photographs encourage students to becom e engaged in the topic while sharing their own thoughts and experiences. Word Focus This m atching activity introduces students to new or unfam iliar words that they will see in the reading passage. Students m atch the ten words with simple definitions. Scan This activity encourages students to make a prediction about a specific piece of inform ation that appears in the passage. T he aim is to motivate students to read the passages quickly as they try to find the answer.
An A nsw er Key and A sse ssm e n t CD-ROM 'w ith E x a m ViezvTest Generator are available for use with Panoram a 1.
T o th e Teacher
ESSENTIAL READING SKILLS ^

W H A T T O D O B E F O R E YOU R E A D
Georgia O Keefe, 1887-1986
Red Poppy 1971
P r e v ie w
a n d p r e d ic t
Before you read, preview and predict. When you preview, you look at the photographs and the parts of a passage. When you predict, you make logical guesses about content.
A . Look at the photographs only. (Dont read the captions yet.) Answer
these questions.
1. Describe what you see_________________________________________ 2. Are the photographs old or new? How do you know? 3. W hat can you guess, or predict, about the passage from the photographs?_________________________________________ B. Now read the captions. Answer these questions. 1. W hat information do these captions tell you?____________ 2. Is Georgia O Keefe still living? How do you know? 3. Have you heard of her or seen this painting?
L ook at p a g e 81 for th e ex p la n a tio n s.

ESSENTIAL READING SKILLS V
Georgia O Keefe: The Art of Nature

Georgia O Keefe was a p ion eer in the American art world. In the early 20th century, or 1900s, many women artists painted portraits, often of children 5 or of m others with young children. O ther women artists went into the countryside and painted land scapes. O Keefe didnt paint trad ition al portraits or landscapes. 10 O Keefe saw things differently. She saw a flower and painted its energy. Sometimes her whole canvas was just one flower. You can feel the energy of the flower. You view the painting like a small 15 insect, perhaps a bee or a butterfly. You see the inside of the flower. You feel the flowers soft petals. You see its bright colors. You can almost smell it. Later, visits to New Mexico gave 20 O Keefe new ideas for paintings. In the desert of New Mexico everything is dry. H er paintings of the desert look dry like the desert. T hey have the colors of the desert. O Keefe painted the big sky and 25 the red hills. Some of her paintings were very large. One fam ous painting was the skull of a cow. You see the white bones and the blue sky. You can feel how dry, how arid, 3 0 the desert is. O Keefe studied notan, a Japanese painting style. It uses light and dark colors. You see a light im a g e and a darker background. O Keefe painted for m ore than 70 35 years. She died in 1986 at age 98. She created hundreds of pieces of art. H er large, colorful flowers and her paintings of the desert are still popular today. T hey appear on calendars and cards. Many 40 people have posters or prints of her paintings on their walls.
m ----sg B H aan sijm ______---- |m
C . Read the title. Answer these questions.
1. Is the passage about a person, a place, or a th in g ?___________ 2. W hat is the connection between the title and the photographs on page v ? ______________________________________________ 3. W hat do you pred ict the passage will be ab o u t?____________
D . Preview the passage. Look for words with special markings. Answer these questions.
1. How many words do you see in b o ld fa ce? _______________________ 2. How many words do you see in italics? ___________________________ E . Look at the paragraphs. Answer these questions. 1. W hich paragraph is the introduction?____________________________ 2. W hich paragraph is the conclusion?_____________________________ L ook at p a g e 81 for th e e x p la n a tio n s.
vi
E s s e n t ia l R e a d in g S k il l s
S k im m in g
a n d s c a n n in g
Sometimes, you need to read quickly to look for certain information. This is called skimming and scanning. You skim when you read quickly. As you skim, your eyes scan for specific information. Use the passage and these questions to practice.
A . To skim, let your eyes move quickly over the passage. Answer these questions by writing Yes or No. Does it have dialogue?____ Is it a story?____ Does it have technical vocabulary? .... Does it have charts and diagram s?____
B . Before you scan, decide what to look for. Find an example of each of these.
Is it academic or professional?____ Does it have dates and events in a persons life? Is it a biography?__________________________
1. a word in b o l d f a c e __________________________________ 2. a word in italics 3. a date 4. a num ber 5. a place name 6. a persons n a m __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ e __________________________________
L ook at p a g e 81 for th e ex p la n a tio n s. C. Now answer this question.

Guess if this is true or false. Circle a or b.
Georgia O Keefe painted for 98 years, a. True b. False

Scan the passage quickly to check your answer.
L ook at p a g e 81 for th e ex p la n a tio n .
E s s e n t ia l R e a d in g s k il l s
vii
a in id e a
Every passage has a main idea. This is the most important topic or most general idea. Each paragraph also has a main idea. It is often in the first sentence, but not always. D . Read the passage and answer the question. Circle your answer.
1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A. a painting of a flower B . a famous wom an artist C . a Japanese style of painting D . art in the 1900s L ook a t p a g e 82 for th e e x p la n a tio n .
D e t a il Every pass;age has many smaller, specific pieces of information that tell yo u more about the main idea. These are called details.
E. Read the passage and answer the questions. Circle your answers. 2. In the early 1900s, women artists often painted A. children B . women C . landscapes D . all of the above 3. O Keefe painted the desert of A . New Mexico B . New York C . New Ham pshire D. New Brunswick 4. W hat did O Keefe paint? A . trees and butterflies B . flowers and bones C . rivers and lakes D . m others and babies L o o k a t p a g e 82 f o r th e e x p la n a tio n s .
In f e r e n c e
You can use details to make logical guesses. These logical guesses are called inferences. Often you have to think about information in different parts of the passage and then piece the information together. F. Read the passage and answer the questions. Circle your answers.
5. Which of the following is not true? A. People like O Keefes work. B. O Keefe lived a long life. C. The flower paintings seem real. D. O Keefe taught notan classes. 6. W hat can we say about O Keefe? A. She loved nature. B. H er desert paintings all had flowers. C. H er paintings had birds and insects. D. She only used black and white paint. L ook at p a g e 83 for th e ex p la n a tio n s. W O R D S IN CONTEXT^ PA R T 1
In every passage, you will often find words that are unfamiliar to you. Look for clues in the sentence or in nearby sentences to help you understand words in context. G . Circle the answers with the same meaning as the words in boldface. Then underline the clues that helped you.
1. In the early 1900s, many women artists painted portraits, often of children or of m others with young children. A. paintings of people B. paintings of animals C. paintings of trees and flowers 2. You see the inside of the flower. You feel the flowers soft petals. You see its bright colors. A. the colored part of a flower B. the leaves of the flower C. the stem of the flower 3. One famous painting was the skull of a cow. You see white bones and the blue sky. A. the blue color in the sky B. a white cow C. the bones of the head
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Words
in c o n t e x t ,
Pa r t 2
Sometimes the author gives a clue by defining words in context. The author might include a definition, an example, or a synonym. Sometimes the author defines a foreign word. Commas often set off definitions in context.
4. U nderline the part of the sentence that helps define desert. In the desert of N ew Mexico everything is dry. 5. U nderline the two examples of insects. Circle the comma. You view the painting like a small insect, perhaps a bee or a butterfly. 6. U nderline the synonyms in this sentence. You can feel how dry, how arid, the desert is. 7. U nderline the definition of the foreign word notan. Circle the comma. O Keefe studied notan, a Japanese painting style. L ook a t p a g e 83 for th e e x p la n a tio n s.
E s s e n t ia l r e a d in g S k il l s
UNIT 1
A m e r ic a n C u l t u r e
Jm k.
The Salem Diner in Salem, Massachusetts
The Empire Diner in New York City
_____________ ____________ ______________
Answer these questions.
1. W hat is your favorite restaurant? 2. Look at the photos. Describe these restaurants. 3. Have you ever eaten in a restaurant like these? Would you like to?
Nighthawks by
Edward Hopper, 1942, The Art Institute of Chicago
______________________________
Discuss these questions.
1. W hat do you see in this painting by Edward Hopper? 2. How does this painting make you feel?
Match the words with their definitions
A. 1. co m m u n ity __ 2. co n n ected __ 3. d in e r__ 4. e m o tio n __ 5. e m p ty __

B.
a. b. c. d. e.
associated; related a strong feeling such as love, anger, or fear having nothing or nobody inside a group of people who have som ething in com m on a restaurant that serves simple, cheap food in an informal atm osphere the feeling from som ething unhappiness when som eone is not with other people having light a picture or description in a book, movie, or painting a person who sees things as they really are
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
im ag e__ lit u p __ loneliness__ realist__ sense __
a. b. c. d. e.
Edward H opper painted only diners, a. T rue b. False
U n it l
Edward Hopper: American Artist

T he m ost famous diner in America isnt a real place. It is an im age in a painting by Edward Hopper. H opper was different from many 5 artists of the early 1900s. He was a realist. He painted everyday things such as a diner or a gas station. You may ask, Why would anyone buy a painting of a gas station? But H oppers paintings 40 show more than just buildings and people. They show the lon elin ess of life, an em otion that H opper felt very strongly himself. He once said, I dont think I ever tried to paint the American 15 scene; Im trying to paint myself. H oppers paintings show feelings that many people felt in the 1900s. This was a time of great change. Many people
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25
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were moving into the cities from farms and small towns. These new arrivals missed the sense of com m u nity they had in their small towns. T he big cities, with their tall buildings and so many strangers, seemed frightening to many people. H oppers painting of the diner is called Nighthawks. It is a realistic im age of buildings and people. T he diner is lit up, but it doesnt seem warm and welcoming. The people inside dont seem happy or connected to each other. T he city outside looks dark and em pty. This is how Edward Hopper saw the city. This is how Edward H opper saw life.
Read the passage again and answer the questions. Circle your answers.
M a in i d e a 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. a painting of a diner B. an artist who painted a diner C . the time when diners were popular D. a diner in a big city DETAIL 2. W hat did H opper do for a living? A. He owned gas stations. B. He was an artist. C . He worked in a diner. D. He was a farmer. 3. W hat did Hopper paint? A. small-town communities B. realistic images of America C . famous people D. warm scenes of American life
4. Why was H opper called a realist? A. He painted things the way they looked. B . His paintings were not like real life. C. He painted art for magazines and newspapers. D . He painted himself. INFERENCE 5. M ost artists in the early 1900s painted A. realistic images B. m odern buildings C . images that were not true to life D . people in cities 6. People like H oppers paintings because A. the paintings dont look real B. they feel happy when they look at the paintings C . they like gas stations and diners D . the paintings show a lot of feeling
A m e r ic a n C u l t u r e : D in e r s
1. Describe the restaurant in the picture. 2. How do you think it looks?
Match the words with their definitions.
A. 1. b o o th __ 2. c o p y __ 3. counter _ 4. cu sto m er__ 5. m an u factu rer__

B.
a. a person who buys som ething b. a company that makes things c. imitate; do the same as som ebody else d. a long, flat surface like a table e. a long seat and a table attached to a wall a. not difficult or complicated b. the quality of being liked by many people c. a seat that does not have a back or arms d. a vehicle with four wheels that is pulled by a horse e. give food or drinks to som eone during a meal
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
p o p u larity __ serve __ sim p le__ sto o l__ w ag o n __
j & E T O I _____________
Guess the answer. Circle a or b.
W here did the nam e diners come from? a. train cars b. people who are eating
U n it l
Diners
Do you like to eat at fast-food restaurants? Before M cDonaldsor KFC, there were diners. There is nothing fancy about a diner. Diners have sim ple, 5 inexpensive food. They serve breakfast all day. O f course, there are no tablecloths! How did diners start? T he first diner was a lunch wagon. In the 1800s, Walter Scott had a horse and cart in 10 Providence, Rhode Island. He sold lunch to people from his cart. Eventually, he added a roof to the cart to keep his custom ers dry. M any people copied Scotts idea. 15 Companies began to make special carts. T he carts had counters and stools. N o t everyone had enough money to buy these special carts, so they built their own from old streetcars. 20 N o t everyone liked these eating places. Some were dirty and not very comfortable. So the companies made some changes. They made the carts longer. T hey added booths and tables. 25 But the biggest change came because of trains. Trains started to serve meals in special dining cars. These dining cars were very popular. M anufacturers began to copy the style of train cars. The 3 0 companies called their new food cars diners. T he new diners were a hit. In the late 1940s, 12 m anufacturers made diners. T he m anufacturers sold them complete 3 5 with dishes, pots, and pans. People could order one and start their own business! In the 1960s, diners lost popularity to fast-food restaurants. Today, only about two thousand diners remain in the 4 0 U nited States.
Check
y o u r c o m p r e h e n s io n
M a in id e a 1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A. big restaurants B. starting a restaurant C. a special type of restaurant D. the way diners are built D e t a il 2. Walter Scotts lunch wagon had A. places to sit B. a counter C. a roof D. tables 3. W hat did m anufacturers add to lunch wagons first? A. places to sit and eat B. windows C. booths D. special foods
4. Why did A. They B. They C . They D. They
m anufacturers copy train cars? were very popular. were easy to build. were bigger than diners. were not expensive.
In f e r e n c e 5. Diners were popular because A. of the price and quality of their food B. people didnt have pots and pans C. there were no restaurants D. people like stools better than chairs 6. W hen were diners most popular? A. in the 1800s B. in the early 1900s C. in the 1940s D. in the 1960s
A m e r ic a n Cu l t u r e :
d in e r s
M ickeys Diner in St. Paul, Minnesota
esm t
1. W hat buildings do you think are beautiful? 2. W hat do you think of the diner in the photo?
A. 1 . arch itectu re__ 2. d esig n__ 3. efficient__ 4. go out of b u sin ess__ 5. lis t__ B. 1 . m o d e rn __ 2. sleek__ 3. su rro u n d __ 4. tear d o w n __ 5. tre n d y __
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
close because there is no m ore money a series of things that are w ritten one after another the style or design of buildings able to work well the way som ething is planned or m ade fashionable destroy a building having an elegant, sm ooth shape of the present time be all around something
f f ig l________________________________________
Some diners are im portant historical buildings,

a. True b. False
U n it l
Saving a Piece of America

A shiny, old silver diner called Mickeys sits in the center of St. Paul, M innesota. Tall, m odern office buildings surround it. You see it and 5 wonder, Why is that diner still here? Mickeys D iner is on the National Register. This is a list of im portant historic buildings in the U nited States. Because of their im portance, no one can 10 tear down these buildings. So now you ask, But a diner? W hats so im portant about an old diner? True, diners do look strange. This is what makes them special. Their 15 architecture is very unusual. Their design was very m odern for the time. Diners used new materials like steel and plastic. They were efficient and sleek. Diners are also historical. They 20 represent a time when trains were fashionable. They show the change from small town to m odern city. They also show peoples interest in the future. In a way, diners were too trendy. 2 5 They soon began to look old. In the 1960s and 1970s, other fast-food restaurants became more popular than diners. Many diners w ent out o f business. Now only a few diners 3 0 remain. Some people want to save diners because they are part of the American past. Other people think diners are ugly. These people say, Save them in a 3 5 museum. D ont keep them in downtown St. Paul!
Check
M a in i d e a 1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A. why people like diners B. Mickeys Diner C . the historical value of diners D. the strange way diners look DETAIL 2. W hat is the National Register? A. a list of m odern buildings B. a list of all the old buildings in St. Paul C . a list of buildings that no one can tear down D. a list of all the diners in the U.S. 3. W hen diners were made A. they seemed very m odern B. they were too trendy C. they werent strange looking D. they werent as popular as fast-food restaurants
4. W hen did diners start to go out of business?
A. in B. in C . in D. in
the late 1800s the early 1900s the second half of the last century this century
INFERENCE 5. Mickeys Diner A. is the only diner left B. is popular with everyone C . is in a m useum D. is a historic building 6. W hich of these statements is true? A. Diners no longer serve simple food. B. It is im portant to preserve unique architecture. C. They tore down Mickeys. D. Trains are the cool way to travel.
A m e r ic a n C u lt u r e : d in e r s
VOCABULARY REVIEW
W h ic h
m e a n in g
From Chapter 1: Edward Hopper: American Artist
1. W hat does miss m ean in this context? T h ese new a rriv a ls m isse d th e sense o f c o m m u n ity th ey h a d in th e ir sm all tow ns. A. miss (verb) to arrive too late for something B . miss (verb) to feel sad because som ebody is not with you or because you do not have som ething you once had C . miss (noun) a failure to hit, catch, or see som ething you were aiming at
From Chapter 2: Diners
2. W hat does hit m ean in this context? T h e new d in ers w ere a hit. A. hit (verb) to press som ething such as a button to operate a m achine B . hit (verb) to touch som ething or somebody with a lot of force C . hit (noun) a person or thing that is very popular or successful
From Chapter 3: Saving a Piece of America
3. W hat does still m ean in this context? You see it a n d w onder, W hy is th a t d in e r still h e re ? A. still (adjective) w ithout moving B. still (adverb) continuing until now C . still (noun) a single photograph that is taken from a scene in a movie
Wrong
w ord
One word in each group does not fit. Circle the word.
1. booths 2. business 3. fashionable 4. house 5. business 6. loneliness
pans architecture trendy wagon company happiness
stools design popular cart custom er design
chairs plans ugly train m anufacturer emotion
U n it i
s s s m
______________________________________________________________
Fill in the blanks with words from each box.
a rc h ite c tu re
design
list
m a n u fa c tu re rs
w agon
1. I like to walk around the city and look at t h e ________ 2. Before I go to the grocery store, I always write a _______ of things that I need. 3. T h e ___ __ of that chair is beautiful, but its not very comfortable to sit in. 4. M ost of t h e _______ of diners went out of business in the 1960s. 5. He was sm art to add a roof to t h e ________ T hen people didnt get wet when it rained. p o p u la r serve sim ple s u rro u n d tren d y
6. Tall tre e s _______ the house. Its almost hidden. 7. She loves to shop and always wears v e ry _______ clothes. 8. Fast-food restaurants became v e ry _______ in the 1960s. 9. T he food is nothing special. Its v e ry ________ 10. W hat time do th e y ______________breakfast? co m m u n ity efficient em otions lit up m o d e rn
11. T he city looks beautiful at night with all the buildings________ 12. Its not old-fashioned. Its v e ry ________ 13. Loneliness and anger a re ________ 14. People in t h e ________ were unhappy about plans to tear down the school. 15. She is not v e ry ____________ It takes her a long time to get her work done.
n m
____________________________________________________________________
rea l (adjective)
reality (noun)
re a list (noun)
1. H es a ________ H es very logical about life. 2. These flowers are made of plastic. T heyre n o t ________
co n n ect (verb)
c o n n e c te d (adjective)
c o n n ectio n (noun)
3. W heres t h e _______ between the two buildings? 4. T h e y _______ on the first floor. m a n u fa c tu re (verb) m a n u fa c tu re r (noun) m a n u fa c tu re d (adjective)
5. T he company used t o _______ the diners in New York. 6. T h e _______ went out of business.
W r a p It U p
B W m U B B B I ____________________________________________________
Read these questions. Discuss your answers with a partner.
1. Why do people in the U nited States feel diners are special? 2. Should we save diners, or should we tear them down? 3. W hat can buildings from the past show us about society? Discuss examples such as schools, banks, libraries, and skyscrapers. 4. W hich buildings in your city are old? W hat do they show about life in the past? 5. W hat buildings would you tear down in your neighborhood? In your city? Why?
R E S P O N D IN W R IT IN G
Look back at the unit and choose the passage you enjoyed the most. Read it again. Why is this passage interesting? Write a few sentences.
Now write one or two things you learned from the passage.
F il m S t u d i e s
The
e n t e r t a i n m [ENT
INDUSTRY
Gone with the Wind, 1939
The Wizard of Oz, 1939
B efo re
you read
1. W hat kinds of movies do you like? 2. W hat was the last movie you saw? How did you like it? 3. W hat is your favorite movie?
11
Carole Lombard and Clark Gable
1. W ho is your favorite movie actor or actress? 2. W hat is a silent movie? Have you ever seen one?
A. 1. accid en t__ 2. c o n tra c t__ 3. fam o u s__ 4. give u p __ 5. keep o n __

B.
a. continue doing something b. well-known to many people c. a sudden event that causes damage d. stop doing something e. a w ritten legal agreem ent a. not using spoken words b. a place where movies are made c. a famous person in acting, music, or sports d. a perm anent m ark on the skin from a cut e. things women put on the face to look m ore attractive
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
m ak e-u p __ scar __ silen t__ star __ stu d io __
SCAN
Carole Lom bard was m arried m ore than once, a. T rue

b. False
12
U n it 2
Carole Lombards Actress

Do you ever watch old movies? Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard. She was a fam ous movie actress in the 1930s. She died when she 5 was only 34. In her short life she made 70 movies! Lom bards real name was Jane Alice Peters. In 1921, she was playing baseball in the street near her home. A movie 10 director saw her and decided to put her in a movie. She was only 13 at the time. T he movie was one of the last silen t movies. At 16, she left school to act. She got a contract in 1925 with a 15 film studio, 20th C entury Fox. T he studio gave her a new name, and she starred in several films. T hen, at age 18, she was in a bad car accident.
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T he accident left scars on her face. T he studio ended her contract, but she did not give up. She wore a lot of m ake-up. She kept on acting. It was Param ount Studio that made Lom bard a star. She made many movies for the studio. She also m arried two of their stars. Lom bard was m arried to actor William Powell for only 23 months. But seven years later, she m arried the great love of her life, actor Clark Gable. Gable played Rhett Butler in the movie Gone with the Wind. Lom bard was killed in a plane crash in 1942. Gable m arried again. But when he died, he was buried next to Lombard. It wT as a great Hollywood love story.
Ch
e c k y o u r c o m p r e h e n s io n
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. silent movie stars B. one actress C . old film stars D . a love story DETAIL 2. Why did 20th Century Fox end Carole Lom bards contract? A. because she was in an accident B. because she wasnt a good actress C. because she had scars on her face D . because she didnt want to work 3. W hen was Carole Lom bard born? A. in 1908 B. in 1911 C. in 1918 D . in 1921
4. How did Carole Lom bard die?
A. in a plane crash B. in a car accident C. during an operation D. of old age In f e r e n c e 5. Lom bard left school because A. school was too easy B . acting took all of her time C. her school closed D. her teachers didnt like her 6. Param ount A. because B. because C. because D. because hired Carole Lom bard she was in Gone with the Wind she knew Clark Gable she was a good actress she had a contract
F il m S t u d i e s : T h e E n t e r t a in m e n t In d u s t r y
13
4; M aking a Bollywood movie
1. Look at the photograph. W hat are the peoples jobs? 2. Have you ever been to a movie studio? W hat did you see there?
A. 1. c ap ital__ 2. early __ 3. film __ 4. in d u stry __ 5. in tern atio n al__

B.
a. near the beginning of a period of time b. involving other countries c. everything relating to a specific type business d. a movie e. the central place for an activity a. know som ething you have seen or heard before b. a piece of ground c. an informal name d. kept within a certain area e. as good as can be
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
la n d __ lim ite d __ n ick n am e__ p e rfe ct__ recognize__
eeebi
W hen was the first film studio in California built?

a. in 1901
b. in 1911
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U n it 2
Bollywood
Movies have changed a lot over the years. T he movie industry has changed a lot, too. It has become m uch more international. 5 In the early days of film , most movies were made in the U nited States, near New York City. But the sun in California was perfect for filming. By the 1920s, most films, over 800 a year, 10 were shot in Hollywood. Before films, Hollywood was a small town. There were a lot of farms nearby. T he first film studio was built in 1911. In just fifteen years, 100,000 people 15 moved to Hollywood. Do you know the famous Hollywood sign? It was first used as an advertisement. A m an who sold land put it up in 1923. Hollywood was once the movie 20 capital of the world. But it isnt anymore. India is. Maybe you recognize the name Bollywood. Bollywood isnt a place exactly. It is a nicknam e for the film studios in M um bai, India. Why isnt it called Mollywood instead? T he answer is that M um bai used to be called Bombay. The movie business isnt lim ited to M umbai. There are several other movie-making centers in India as well. A lot of people in India work in the film business2.5 million. And the Indian film industry makes more than 800 films every year. Even Hollywood studios send some of their work to India. Fewer than 500 movies a year are now m ade in the U nited States.
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MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the m ain topic of this passage? A. actors in the film industry B. places where movies are filmed C. Bollywood D. Hollywood DETAIL 2. W here were the first movies made? A. California B. Bombay C. near Chicago D. near New York City 3. Hollywood became the center of film-making because of A. the farms B. the cost of land C. the weather D. the scenery
4. W hat does Bollywood refer to? A. New York City and Hollywood B. Bombay and Hollywood C . M um bai and Bombay D . Bombay and India In f e r e n c e 5. T he Hollywood sign was put up A. because Hollywood was a famous place B. to help people recognize Hollywood C. to help sell land there D . because a m an was proud of Hollywood 6. T he Indian film industry A. is only in M um bai B. is growing C . has always been large D . makes fewer films than Hollywood does
F i l m S t u d i e s : T h e E n t e r t a i n m e n t In d u s t r y
15
Ch apter 3
<5 Actress Sandra Bullock at the opening of a new movie
Prepare to read Discuss these questions. 1. W hich film stars do you admire? Why?
2. Does the behavior of some stars surprise you? W hat stories have you heard?
W o rd fo c u s | |
A.
1. ac c e p t__
2. 3. 4. 5.
b eh av e__ c o n tro l__ dow nside__ fix __
a. repair b. agree to c. act in the correct or proper way d. have power over som ebody or som ething e. a disadvantage or the less positive side of something a. possess b. have on your body c. write your nam e on a contract to show you agree to it d. the state of being free or not controlled by someone e. when other people are present
B. 1 . in p u b lic __
2. in d ep en d ence__ 3. o w n __ 4. sig n __ 5. w e a r__
Sc a n m
U nited Artists was called the H om e of the Stars.

a. T rue b. False
16
U n it 2
Star-Making
In the early days of movies, the film studios made the stars. An actress like Carole Lom bard signed a contract with a studio. T he studio then controlled 5 everything about her life. T he studio told her what movies to be in. It told her how to dress and how to behave in public. It controlled the actors image. Sometimes, the studio even told an actor 10 who to marry! Studios tried to ow n as many stars as possible. In the 1930s, M G M had 60 famous actors and actresses on contract, including Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, and 15 Judy Garland. M G M was called The Hom e of the Stars. So what did the actors get from the studio? T hey got a job, of course, and often a lot of money. Sometimes a star
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got into trouble, and the studio helped fix the problem. M ost actors accepted the control of the studios. There was no other way to work in movies. One group of actors wanted more control of their films. Charlie Chaplin, M ary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. started their own studio in 1919. It is called U nited Artists. Today, actors dont give control of their lives to the studios. M ost work with many different studios. Russell Crowe can work for more than one studio. Gwyneth Paltrow can say no to a film. Jennifer Lopez can wear what she likes and m arry the m an she wants. O f course, there is also a dow nside to this independence. Actors have to get themselves out of trouble!
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. the life of todays movie stars B. movie stars bad public images C. the worlds most famous movie stars D. how stars were made in the old studio system DETAIL 2. How many famous actors and actresses did M G M have on contract in the 1930s? A. 50 B. 60 C. 70 D. 80 3. W hich of these is a downside for todays stars? A. making choices about what to wear B. saying no to a contract C. their independence D. having to get themselves out of trouble
4. Stars now A. m ust ask permission to marry B. control their own lives C . never get into trouble D. work for only one studio INFERENCE 5. In the past, it was unusual for a studio to A. have 60 famous stars on contract B. control the lives of its stars C. have contracts with actors D. decide what movies stars would act in 6. Why did the stars let the studios control their lives? A. They liked it. B. They got a lot of money. C. T hey had no choice. D. They needed help to make decisions.
F il m s t u d i e s : T h e E n t e r t a in m e n t In d u s t r y
17
VOCABULARY REVIEW M I I W 1 B I W 8 I H M _______________________________

From Chapter 1: Carol Lombard: Actress
1. W hat does play m ean in this context? G able played R h e tt B u tle r in th e m ovie Gone with the Wind. A . play (verb) to take part in a sport or game B. play ( noun) a story written to be perform ed by actors C . play (verb) to act a part in a perform ance
From Chapter 2: Bollywood
2. W hat does shot m ean in this context? B y th e 1920s, m o st film s, over 800 a year, w ere sh o t in H ollyw ood. A . shot 0noun) an attem pt to do something B . shot ( verb, past tense) moved quickly and suddenly in one direction C . shot (verb,past tense) m ade into a photograph or movie; filmed
From Chapter 3: Star-Making
3. W hat does dress m ean in this context? I t to ld h e r how to d ress a n d how to behave in public. A . dress (noun) a piece of clothing w orn by a girl or a woman B. dress (verb) to put clothes on C . dress (noun) clothes for m en or women, especially for the evening
________________________________________________
1. studio 2. played 3. land 4. dress 5. limited 6. film
star acted town perfect shot capital
actor lived sign wear filmed movies
actress starred farms clothes m ade studio
m m m m m _______________________________:_________
accid en t
la n d
m ak e-u p
ow ned silent
1. There was no speaking in the first movies. T he movies w ere________ 2. Studios b o u g h t_______ from the farmers in California. 3. She wore a lot o f _______ to hide the scar on her face. 4. T he studios acted like th e y _______ the actors. 5. She was injured, but she was not killed in t h e ________ c o n tra c t fam o u s give up played studios
6. It was difficult to find an acting job, but she did n o t ________ 7. T h e _______ give jobs to a lot of people. 8. Gone with the Wind is a _______ old movie. 9. He signed a _______ to act in three films. 10. Clark G a b le _______ Rhett Butler in the movie. cap ital dow nside lim ited n ick n am e recognized
11. She became rich and famous. T h e .............. is that she cant go anywhere by herself any more. 12. His film nam e is Lorenzo, but most people call him by h is _______ , Buddy. 13. E veryone_______ her because she was famous. 14. Hollywood used to be t h e _______ of the movie industry. 15. N ot everyone was invited to see the film. It w a s_______ to people at the studio.
W O R D F A M IL IE S
public (noun)
publicize (verb)
publicity (noun)
1. T he studios told their actors how to behave i n ________ 2. T he studio w ill_______ the new film.
a c to r (noun)
a c t (verb)
active (adjective)
3. H e w a s _______ in politics, but the studio didnt like that. 4. She is going t o _______ in the studios next movie. b eh av io r (noun) b ehave (verb) w ell-behaved (adjective)
5. How did the a c to r_______ at the party? 6. H is _______ was terrible. T he studio ended his contract.
1. W hat is your favorite old movie? W hy did you like it? 2. W hich of these statem ents do you agree with? Why? a. I would like to be a famous actor/actress. b. I w ouldnt like to be a fam ous actor/actress. c. T he old studio system was good for actors. d. T he old studio system w asnt good for actors. e. Studios should not hire actors who get into trouble. f. Fam ous actors and actresses need to be good examples for their fans. 3. W here are the best movies made? Give some examples of good movies.
R E S P O N D IN W RITIN G
20
UNIT 2
A soccer game
S) a a) : ! . : M l ______________________________________
1. W hat is your favorite sport to play? W hat is your favorite sport to watch? 2. Which is more relaxing for you, playing sports or watching sports? Why? 3. How can exercising your body help relax your mind?
21
<! Denise Austin at the White House
s s m
s m
______________________________________________________________
1. Do you like to take exercise classes or follow exercise shows on TV? W hy or why not? 2. Do you know about any fitness experts or celebrities? Who?
RD FO CU S
A. 1. active__ 2. advice 3. a u th o r__ 4. fitn ess__ 5. m illio n __

B.
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
good physical health 1,000,000 energetic writer a suggestion that someone gives to other people thoughtful; not joking leave out a careful study of something im portance needed
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
necessary__ research__ serio u s__ skip __ v a lu e__
K E R B ________________________________________________
Denise Austin is a fitness expert and a businesswoman, a. T rue b. False
22
u n it 3
Denise Austin: Fitness Expert

Why should people make their bodies work hard when it isnt necessary? F itness expert Denise Austin says that exercise is more im portant when life is 5 easy. Austin is serious about good health. She is the author of eight books on fitness and health. She makes exercise videos. She also has two exercise shows 10 on television. M illions of people watch her shows and buy her books and DVDs. Austin is also serious about childrens fitness and health. R esearch shows that healthy, active children are also happy 15 children. Todays children watch TV and use the com puter too much. M ost children dont play outside or exercise enough. Austin made an exercise DVD just for children. It is called Denise 20 Austins Fit Kids. In 2002, the U.S. president asked Austin to join a special group. This group is called the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. The group includes famous athletes such as baseball player N om ar Garciaparra and runner M arion Jones. Some members are professional athletes or Olympic athletes. Other members are coaches. M embers of the group visit schools and talk to children about fitness. Austin teaches schoolchildren about the value of exercise and sports. Fitness is not difficult. Austin tells people to exercise a little every day and eat good foods. She follows this advice, too. She only exercises half an hour a day, and she never skips a meal!
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MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. the work of fitness experts B. the work of Denise Austin C. research about fitness D. fitness for schoolchildren DETAIL 2. Denise Austin says that fitness is more im portant A. when you are a child B. when you watch exercise shows on TV C. when life is easy D . when you are a famous person 3. Fitness expert Denise Austin A. writes books B . makes DVDs C. has TV programs D. all of the above
4. W hat did the president ask Austin to do? A. join a special group B. use the computer C. make TV programs about fitness D. visit Olympic athletes INFERENCE 5. W hen are kids happier? A. when they use the computer B. when athletes visit their schools C. when they are active D. when they skip meals 6. T he president asked Austin to join a special group because A. she is an Olympic athlete B. she never skips a meal C. she is a famous fitness expert D. she likes to visit schools
PSYCHOLOGY: T h e M lN D -B O D Y CONNECTION
23
A bride and groom on their w edding day
_________________________________________________
1. Look at the picture. W hich person is the bride, and which is the groom? 2. Why do m any people feel nervous before their wedding?
A. 1. a rm y __ 2. celebrate__ 3. crash d ie t__ 4. last __ 5. lo se __ B. 1. m o d e l__ 2. p a n ic __ 3. p ro g ram __ 4. so ld ier__ 5. strict __
a. continue for a long time b. have less of som ething c. the military forces of a country d. have fun on a special day e. a food plan for losing weight very quickly a. a m em ber of a m ilitary group b. a good example to copy c. very strong and unchanging d. a sudden feeling of fear e. a plan of activities
ik k im
_____________
Bridal boot camps are for soldiers in the army, a. True b. False
24
U n it 3
Bridal Boot Camp

For many people, their wedding is the m ost im portant day of their lives. Family and friends come, everyone celebrates, and people take a lot of pictures. Both 5 the bride and groom want to look their best. In the U nited States, some brides go to bridal boot camp to prepare for their big day! Before their weddings, many women 10 feel the need to lose weight. Some women panic and go on crash diets to lose weight quickly. Some stop eating completely. This isnt good for the body, and the weight loss usually doesnt last a 15 long time. H ealth clubs wanted to give women a healthy way to lose weight quickly and safely. So these health clubs developed
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a program just for brides and called it bridal boot camp. Real boot cam p is the training course for new soldiers in the army. Boot camp includes a strict exercise and diet program. T he real boot camp for soldiers usually lasts about ten weeks. H ealth clubs decided to use this m odel for their bridal boot camps. Women in bridal boot camp meet at the health club every day for one to three hours. They exercise, get advice about food, and help each other relax. T hey lose weight quickly but in a healthy way. They dont panic. W hen their wedding day arrives, these brides look and feel better.
Ch
e c k y o u r c o m p r e h e n s io n
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. a special type of wedding B. a special type of exercise program C. a special type of bride and groom D. a special type of army DETAIL 2. Before their wedding, some women A. join the army B. look at a lot of pictures C . go on crash diets D. develop a program just for brides 3. Women usually go to bridal boot camp A. before they get m arried B. after they get married C . before they join a health club D. after they take a lot of pictures
4. Bridal boot camps help women
A. lose weight quickly B. stop eating completely C . go on crash diets D. celebrate with family and friends In f e r e n c e 5. W hat does a bridal boot camp include? A. a strict diet B. a crash diet C. a wedding D. all of the above 6. Why do health clubs use the name bridal boot cam p? A. because the brides wear boots to exercise B. because brides go away to camp for ten weeks C. because it is similar to army boot camp D. because it is for brides in the army
PSYCHOLOGY: THE M lN D -B O D Y CONNECTION 25
x A yoga position
repare to r ea d
1. W hat do you do to relax your body? W hat do you do to relax your mind? 2. W hat do you know about yoga?
W O R D FO C U S
A. 1. c o m b in e__ 2. co m petition__ 3. d em o n strate__ 4. disagree __ 5. m ed itatio n __ B. 1. m ental __ 2. physical__ 3. p o sitio n __ 4. p rac tic e__ 5. re q u ire __
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
thinking deeply and calmly for a period of time mix things together have a different opinion a contest in which people try to win something show som ething or prove som ething the way a person is holding his/her body need about the body in the m ind do som ething regularly
SC A N
Today, many people do yoga for exercise, a. True b. False
26
U n it 3
Competition Yoga
Some people enjoy activities with a lot of movement, and some people enjoy calm activities. Those who practice yoga can enjoy both. Yoga com b ines the body and the mind. It combines physical strength and m en tal relaxation. Yoga is very old. It began in India more than 3,000 years ago. To practice yoga, a person first finds a quiet place. Next, the person relaxes the mind through m editation. T hen the person slowly moves the body into different positions. M any of these positions are quite difficult. T he person holds these positions for a long time. Today, some people use yoga for exercise. There is even an international yoga com petition. Yoga experts compete by holding difficult positions. Com petitors dem onstrate their skill. N ot everyone likes the idea of competition yoga. They feel yoga should be relaxing. Com petition is not a relaxing thing. Competition is about being the best and winning. People who do competition yoga disagree. In competition yoga, people dont compete against each other. They compete as individuals. They want people to come to the competitions and learn about yoga. They want people to understand and practice yoga. Yoga is relaxing, but it also requires skill. To be good at yoga, people m ust practice it for a long time, like a sport. But is it a sport? Maybe both sides are right. W hat do you think?
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20
Ch
eck your co m prehens
M a in id e a 1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A. the history of yoga B. yoga positions C. people who like yoga D. different ideas about yoga DETAIL 2. W hat does yoga combine? A. strength and relaxation B. competition and exercise C. competition and sports D. relaxation and winning 3. A person who is doing yoga A. moves quickly B. goes to competitions C. holds positions for a long time D. m ust compete on a team
4. W hat is the big question about yoga today? A. Is yoga good for your body? B. Is yoga a relaxing activity? C. Is yoga a sport? D. Is yoga better in India? INFERENCE 5. Why do some people dislike competition yoga? A. Competitions are only in the U.S. B. People m ust compete as individuals. C. Yoga isnt relaxing. D. Competition isnt relaxing. 6. Why do some people like the idea of competition yoga? A. They dont like other sports. B. It can help teach people about yoga. C. Competitions are popular. D. Yoga combines the m ind and body.
P s y c h o l o g y :T h e M in d -B o d y C o n n e c t io n
27
VOCABULARY REVIEW
Complete the crossword using the clues.
ACROSS 4. Experts d o _____to answer im portant questions. 7. This is 1,000,000. 9. W hen two people have different opinions, th e y _____ 10. T he writer of a book is called t h e _____ DOWN 1. Som ething you want to copy because its good. 2. People all over the world yoga. 3. T he military forces of a country. 5. People want to win first prize at a 6. People their birthdays with cake and ice cream. 8. If you m ust have something. it is
10
1. serious 2. teach 3. sports 4. panic 5. stand 6. m editation
funny show com petition last sit camp
silly dem onstrate exercise hold position army
laugh celebrate model stay program soldier
req u ires
fitness
p ro g ra m
value
d e m o n stra te d
1. Bridal boot camp includes an exercise________ 2. Denise Austin visits schools. She teaches kids about t h e _______ of exercise. 3. T he in stru cto r_______ a new yoga position. 4. Yoga is like a sport because i t _______ skill. 5. Denise Austin knows a lot about good health. She is a _______ expert. active com bines last m e d ita tio n positio n
6. I like to do yoga because i t _______ strength and relaxation. 7. W hen you lose weight very quickly, your results usually dont _______ for a long time. 8. To p ractice_______ , find a quiet place and relax your mind. 9. W hen you are in a chair, you are in a sitting ________ 10. Some children spend too m uch time on the computer. They need to be m o re _______ m e n ta l physical serious soldiers stric t
11. For some people, exercise is fun. For Denise Austin, its _______ business. 12. I like activities that use my m ind______ _ activities are the most enjoyable to me. 13. Riding a bicycle is a _______ activity. It is good exercise. 14. To lose a lot of weight, you m ust follow a ______ diet. 15 . _______ in the army get their training in boot camp.
loss (noun)
lose (verb)
loser (noun)
1. My sister and I had a competition. She was the winner, and I was t h e _____ 2. T he score of the soccer game was 5-0. It was a b ig _______ for the team.
value (noun)
valuable (adjective)
value (verb)
3. A wedding ring is very expensive. It is a _______ piece of jewelry. 4. She doesnt know t h e _______ of the ring. H er husband w ont tell her how m uch it cost. advice (noun) a d v iso ry (adjective) advise (verb)
5. T h e fitness instructor gave us so m e _______ about how often to exercise. 6. I wanted to lose weight, so I asked her t o _______ me on my diet.
1. W hat types of physical activities (not sports) do you do in a norm al week? T hink of as many as you can and write them below. walk my dog______ carry groceries _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _____ _____
2. W hich of these activities do you enjoy? P ut a check ( / ) next to these activities.
R E S P O N D IN W RITING
UNIT 4
!: U .S . HISTORY T h e O ld w e s t
A map of the West from the 1800s
B efo re
you read
1. Look at the map. Describe what you see. 2. How did people travel around the U nited States 200 years ago? 3. How do people travel today?
Ch apter l
Ij Charles E. Boles, 1829 -1 88 8
1. Describe the m an in the photo. Is this an old or a new photo? How do you know? 2. W hat do you think the m an in the photo did for a living?
A. 1. b a n d it__ 2. ch aracter__ 3. c rim e __ 4. d e ta il__ 5. d isap p ear__

B.
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
a person in a book a small piece of inform ation go away leaving no signs a robber who carries a gun an illegal action a car pulled by horses take som ething that belongs to someone else; steal som ething that is difficult to explain a piece of writing arranged in short lines an old story
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
leg e n d __ m ystery__ p o e m __ rob __ stagecoach__
Black Bart was a famous banker, a. T rue b. False
32
u n it 4
The Legend of Black Bart

Black Bart was a famous bandit during the 1800s. His story is a legend because no one knows all the details of his life. 5 People think Black B arts real nam e was Charles E. Boles. Boles was probably born in New York around 1830. In 1849, Boles went to California to look for gold. D uring the U.S. Civil 10 War in the 1860s, he was in the army. Later, he got m arried and started a family, but he wasnt happy. He left his family and returned to California, where his life of crim e began. 15 Boles was angry with Wells Fargo, a transportation company. N o one knows why. He began to rob Wells Fargo stagecoaches in 1875. Boles wore a long coat and a sack over his head.
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People began to call him Black Bart. T he nickname Black Bart came from a character in a popular novel. The character was nam ed Bartholomew, Bart for short. He dressed in black and robbed Wells Fargo stagecoaches, just like the real bandit. People called Black Bart the gentleman bandit because he was always polite to the people he robbed. He was famous for this and for the p oem s he left at each robbery. Black Bart robbed 30 stagecoaches in eight years. He stole over $48,000! T he police finally caught him in 1883 and sent him to jail for four years. After he got out, he disappeared. No one knows what happened to him. His story remains a m ystery.
H m W W B lW ilW B innH H M B
M a in id e a 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. a transportation company B. the Civil War C. California in the 1800s D . a famous bandit D e t a il 2. W here was Black Bart probably from? A. California B. Illinois C . New York D . Wells Fargo 3. W hen did Black Bart first travel to California? A. 1830 B. 1849 C . 1877 D . 1883
4. W hat did Black Bart wear when he robbed
stagecoaches? A. a long coat and a sack B. an army uniform C . a black hat and gloves D. white pants and a mask In f e r e n c e 5. W hat is true about Black Bart? A. He didnt like Wells Fargo. B. He didnt hurt the people he robbed. C. He stole a lot of money. D. all of the above 6. T he end of the story is a mystery because A. Boles left his family B. Boles had a nickname C. no one knows where Boles went D. Boles wore a sack over his head
U .S . H ISTORY: t h e O l d W e s t
33
A m iner looking for gold
1. Describe the picture. 2. W hat would you do to get rich?
A. 1. a n n o u n ce__ 2. discover__ 3. m in e r__ 4. ra n c h __ 5. ru m o r__ B. 1. r u s h __ 2. sa il__ 3. search __ 4. se cre t__ 5. trip __
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
news or inform ation that may not be true a person who looks for gold a large farm with horses or cows tell everyone find som ething new travel on water in a ship or boat journey som ething that no one else knows look for something go very quickly
I f B E I S __________________________________ ______
John Sutter was a rancher,

a. True b. False
34
u n it
The California Gold Rush

In 1849, half a million people left their families to ru sh to California. Someone had discovered gold there, and everyone wanted to get rich quickly. 5 T he story of the Gold Rush began ten years earlier when John Sutter left Switzerland. He traveled to California and started a ranch. A m an named James Marshall worked for him. One day 10 in 1849, Marshall found gold in a river on Sutters land. Sutter and Marshall kept the discovery a secret. They didnt want anyone to know about the gold. But soon people heard the rum or. T hen 15 President James Polk announced the discovery. People from America, Europe, and Asia rushed to California to search for
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gold. They were called the forty-niners. T he trip took up to six months. It was long, difficult, and dangerous. Some people sailed around South America. Others traveled 2,000 miles across the U nited States by horse or on foot. At first, there was a lot of gold. The m iners found it easily. But by 1850, the gold was almost gone. It was hard work to find it. Soon, m ost people stopped searching for gold. M ost of the people who traveled to California never found gold. Some of the miners went home to their families. Others stayed and became farmers. M any sent for their families. Those who stayed found something as good as golda new and better life in California.
milsw
w b im wa iiaaaiwa
M a in id e a 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. the discovery of gold in California B. hard-working families C. miners D. traveling to the U.S. DETAIL 2. W ho first discovered gold in California? A. James Marshall B. John Sutter C. the forty-niners D. President James Polk 3. In what year was gold discovered? A. 1839 B. 1849 C. 1850 D. 1893
4. T he trip to California was not A. slow B. dangerous C. easy D. long In f e r e n c e 5. Why were the people called forty-niners? A. M ost of them were 49 years old. B . T hat was the year gold was discovered. C . T hat was the num ber of states. D. It took 49 days to travel to California. 6. People stopped looking for gold because A. it was too m uch work B. there wasnt m uch left C. they decided to do other things D. all of the above
U.S. h i s t o r y : T h e o l d W e s t
35
A recreation of a Pony Express ride
________________________________________
1. Look at the picture. W hat is the boys occupation? 2. Have you ever ridden a horse? D id you like it? Why or why not?
.........
....... ............ ...............................
A. 1. bravery __ 2. deliver__ 3. d ep en d ab le__ 4. fo u n d __ 5. h ir e __

B.
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
reliable start a business doing difficult things w ithout fear take som ething from one place to another give som eone a job physical power a m achine that sends electronic messages by wire or radio a small horse achieving what you want; making m oney som ething that represents som ething else
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
p o n y __ stre n g th __ successful__ sym bol__ teleg rap h __
SCAN
T he Pony Express lasted m ore than 10 years,

a. True b. False
36
U N IT 4
The Pony Express

M ost people cant imagine life without mail. Many of us get mail every day. Today, many of us get email over the Internet as well. But before 1860, there was no dependable mail service across the U nited States. Letters took weeks or even m onths to arrive. Some letters never arrived. In 1860, the P ony Express was founded. T he owners of the company wanted to deliver mail quickly. They used fast horses and hired boys under 18. T he boys had to be small and very good riders. It was a dangerous job, and the pay was only about $100 per m onth. T he Pony Express riders delivered mail on a route across the West. The route was 1,966 miles (3,145 km) long!
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Each trip took ten days. T he riders worked in teams and changed horses often. T he weather was often terrible, and the land was difficult to cross. But the mail arrived on time. People liked the Pony Express, but it ended in 1861. In that year, the telegraph was invented. T he telegraph was a fast way to send information. Almost overnight, the Pony Express was no longer a su ccessfu l business. T he Pony Express ended after only 18 months. But people respected the young boys who worked so hard to deliver mail. T he Pony Express riders are sym bols of strength and bravery. People still rem em ber what the boys of the Pony Express accomplished.
ll i ILM
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. different kinds of horses B. the telegraph C. travel across the U.S. D. a special mail service DETAIL 2. How long was the Pony Express route? A. 18 miles (29 km) B. 100 miles (160 km) C. 1,861 miles (2,978 km) D. 1,966 miles (3,145 km) 3. Why was the Pony Express founded? A. because it was dangerous B. to deliver mail quickly C. because young boys needed jobs D. to train boys to ride horses
4. To work for the Pony Express, the boys had to be A. farmers B . tall C. over 18 D. good riders INFERENCE 5. After their trips, the riders probably felt A. tired B. embarrassed C. jealous D. surprised 6. The boys changed horses often because A. the horses were tired B. they didnt own the horses C. the boys didnt like the horses D. they were bad horses
U .S . H ISTORY: T H E O LD W E ST
37
ACROSS 2. Find something. 4. An old story. 6. News that m ight or m ight not be true. 8. A small horse. 9. A car pulled by horses.
DOWN 1. Start a business. 3. A m achine used to send messages. 5. A nother word for a journey. 7. Som eone who steals things.
1. ship 2. legend 3. story 4. dependable 5. bandit 6. bravery
boat bandit m iner bravery crime disappear
sail rum or poem pony trip secret
ranch mystery legend strength rob search
> !.)
.)> . _______________________________________________________
delivered
get o ut
p o em
search secret
1. Black Bart was famous for leaving a ______________ at each robbery. 2. T he police need special permission t o _______ your house. 3. Sutter kept the discovery of gold a ________ He didnt want anyone to know. 4. T he mail c arrier_______ the letters I sent to my friend. 5. P lease_______ of my room now. I want to be alone. b rav ery m in e r dependable successful sym bol
6. T he Pony Express riders w ere________ They always delivered the mail on time. 7. Firefighters are known for th e ir________ They rush into burning buildings. 8. Bill Gates is v ery ________ His company makes billions of dollars. 9. My grandfather worked as a ________ His job was dirty and dangerous. 10. A flag is a _______ of a country. an n o u n ce h ire ra n c h ru s h stren g th
11. I had t o _______ to class. I missed the bus. 12. T hat b ig _______ in Texas has over 1,000 cows. 13. I believe the company sh o u ld _______ me because I m a good worker. 14. D id the te a ch e r_______ that our final exam is on Friday? 15. Olympic athletes need a lot of physical_______ to win the gold medal.
_____________________________________________________________
ro b (verb)
ro b b e r (noun)
ro b b ery (noun)
1. People w h o _______ banks should go to jail. 2. T h e _______ was a tall m an wearing black clothes.
a n n o u n c e m e n t (noun)
a n n o u n ce (verb)
a n n o u n c e r (noun)
3. T h e president was the first t o _______ the discovery of gold. 4. After the presidents _______ , people rushed to search for gold. su cceed (verb) success (noun) successful (adjective)
5 . _______ businesspeople make a lot of money. 6. You got an A on your test! Enjoy y o u r_______ !
W r a p It U p
1. Have you visited any W estern states? W hat did you see? 2. W hich W estern states would you like to visit? Why? 3. Imagine living in the West in the 1800s. Describe your life. W here did you live? W hat job did you do? 4. How was life in the 1800s different from life now? Was it better or worse?
; a n a m i i i v < a \ \ i c i n ____________________________________________________
A nthropology
Haida Totems, Cha-atf, Queen Charlotte Island by Emily Carr, 1912
1. Look at the picture. Describe what you see. 2. Have you ever seen a totem pole before? 3. W hat do you think they are for?
41
Em ily Carr, 1 8 71 -1 94 5
Discuss these questions:
1. Emily C arr painted the picture on page 41. Do you like the painting? W hat do you like about it? 2. Why do you think Emily C arrs paintings are im portant?
j f iT t T I C T S iB r S S l____________________
A. 1. carv e __ 2. c o a st__ 3. f i r __ 4. lo g __ 5. re c o rd __
B.
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
som ething on paper or film that shows what happened a thick piece of wood from a tree land that is close to the water cut wood to make an object or a design a type of tree that is very straight an animal or object that is a symbol fix or m end a wood pole with totem s carved on it not curved or bent a very small town
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
re p a ir__ straig h t__ to te m __ totem p o le __ village__
35'V " m m
__________________
M ost of the totem poles that C arr painted are gone, a. True b. False
42
u n it 5
Emily Carr: Painter of Totem Poles

Emily Carr was an artist from British Columbia in Canada. She lived from 1871 to 1945. Carr studied the Haida, a group of Native Americans who lived 5 near the coast in British Columbia. The Haida carved beautiful totem poles. C arrs paintings are a record of these totem poles. W hat is a totem pole? It is a wood 10 pole with large carvings called totem s. T he Haida used fir trees for the totem poles. These tall, straight trees grow in the Pacific Northwest. Haida artists carved the faces and bodies of special 15 animals on the big logs. Totems are symbols of a person, a family, or a village. Each totem pole tells a story. C arrs paintings are im portant because these
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wood totem poles only last about 100 years. M ost of the totem poles that Carr painted are gone. The Haida didnt repair them. T he wood totem poles were left to nature and the weather. There is a lot of rain in the Northwest, and wood doesnt last very long. C arr also wrote about life in the Haida villages. She described the totem poles and the meaning of the designs. She explained the secret language of the totems. Today C arrs paintings are all that remain of many of the totem poles. A special m useum on Victoria Island near Vancouver has many of her paintings. This artist left us an im portant record of Haida life.
IM1 1 Jit iHMli
a ii
wM
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. how to carve B. the Pacific Northwest C. an artist D. a m useum DETAIL 2. W hen was Emily Carr born? A. 1871 B. 1905 C. 1945 D. none of the above 3. W hich of these statements describes Emily Carr? A. She was a painter. B. She was a writer. C. She studied the Haida. D. all of the above
4. W hat is special about her paintings? A. There are 100 of her paintings. B . They are a record of the totem poles. C. They only last 100 years. D. They all show the m useum on Victoria Island. INFERENCE 5. W hich of these statements is true? A. T he Haida used art to tell stories. B. Totem poles have no meaning. C. Emily Carr spoke a secret language. D. M ost of C arrs paintings are gone. 6. W hat can we say about Emily Carr? A. She loved Haida totem poles. B. She traveled all over the world. C. She wrote about the m useum in Vancouver. D. She didnt like to paint people.
A NTHRO POLOG Y : T O T E M P O L E S
43
Ch apter 2
4j Totem poles in Korea
1. Look at the picture. Describe w hat you see. 2. W hat do you think these objects were used for?
A. 1. h a rv e st__ 2. lu c k __ 3. p a ir __ 4. p ro te c t__ 5. ro ad sid e__

B.
a. a force that brings good or bad things b. next to a road c. two things that are used together d. the am ount and quality of a crop e. keep som eone or som ething safe a. a being that is not hum an b. protect or take care of something c. a person that you do not know d. a pole with a sign telling you where you are or where to go e. som ething that tells you to be careful
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
signpost__ sp irit__ stran g er__ w arn in g __ watch o v er__
I c W
l ______________
T he upper p art of the totem pole is always a spirit,

a. True b. False
44
U n it 5
Jangseung: Totem Poles in Korea

In Korea, people place totem poles called jangseung outside their villages. T he totem poles are m eant to protect the village and keep bad luck away. 5 Farm ers use totem poles to ask for a good harvest. T he Korean totem poles have big eyes to watch over the village. M any also have large teeth to protect the village. 10 M ost totem poles are carved from wood. Sometimes the wood is painted. In the south of Korea, the jangseung are sometimes carved from stone. Some of the jangseung are male. 15 Others are female. The upper part of the totem pole is a face. It can be a hum an or a spirit. T he lower part of the totem pole has a written saying or warning.
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R oadside totem poles in Korea are found in pairs. One can sleep while the other watches the road for strangers. Some totem poles are used to warn people not to cut down trees. Other totem poles are signposts. They tell people not to cross the land. T he nam c jangseung means long life. It is very bad luck to damage a pole. One story tells about a m an who used a totem pole to make a fire. Soon after that the m an died. People believe he died because he burned the totem pole. Totem poles are im portant to many people in Korea. People believe the totem poles have the power to protect, warn, and bring good harvests.
C H E C K Y O U R C O M P R E H E N S IO N
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. Korea B. a m an with bad luck C . totem poles in Korea D. farmers DETAIL 2. In Korea, totem poles A. are usually made of wood B. are always male C . never have eyes D. are in the center of the village 3. Why are roadside totem poles in pairs? A. One is made of wood, and one is made of stone. B. They are married. C . It is a government rule. D. One can sleep while the other watches for strangers.
4. A person who damages a totem pole will A. have a good harvest B. get very big eyes C. have bad luck D. become a totem pole INFERENCE 5. Totem poles A. have only one meaning B. have many purposes C . are also made of metal D. are always found in large groups 6. W hat is true about totem poles in Korea? A. T he stone totem poles are more important. B. They always bring a good harvest. C . They are symbols of bad luck. D. They can bring both good and bad things.
A n t h r o p o l o g y :T o t e m P o les
45
_________ _ _ _
Ch apter 3
Typical anim als on totem poles
Eagle
Beaver
W hale
Grizzly bear
repare to r ead
1. Describe the images above. 2. C an you nam e some animals that are symbols?
W O R D FO C U S
A. 1. ad v en tu re__ 2. b eav er__ 3. h u n t __ 4. region _ 5. re m a in __

B.
a. be left after other people or things are gone b. find and kill wild animals for food c. an animal that cuts trees down with its teeth d. an experience that is unusual, exciting, or dangerous e. a large area of a land a. the soft part that you can move inside your m outh b. a very large animal that lives in the ocean c. able to do som ething well d. be a symbol of som ething e. mostly the same, but not completely
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
rep resen t__ sim ilar__ skilled__ tongue _ _ w h ale__
SCAN
Animals were im portant to these people, a. T rue

b. False
U n it 5
History Speaks: What Does a Totem Pole Say?

The most famous totem poles are from the Pacific Northwest. These tall wood poles with carvings once stood in villages along the coast from Alaska, through British Columbia in Canada, down to Washington. Now the poles exist mainly in paintings and photographs. Skilled artists carved the totem poles. T he poles tell a story. T he words of 10 the story are the faces and the animals, or totems. T he animals sometimes represent the adventures of the village. For example, a carving of a whale may represent a very exciting or dangerous 15 hunt for whales. You can understand the story when you look at the carvings. Birds and animals look sim ilar on totem poles
20
across the region. A face with very big front teeth is a beaver. A face with a tongue is usually a bear. Whales and birds are also on the totem poles. These animals were all im portant to the people of the Pacific Northwest. 25 Wood doesnt last for long, so most of the old totem poles are gone. Some paintings and photographs of these old totem poles rem ain in museums. Where else can you see totem poles? There are totem poles in different parts of the world such as Korea and Polynesia. T hey look different from the ones in N orth America. But the totem poles all tell a story or represent a family. 35 They are a look at life in the past.
M a in id e a 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. how to make wood carvings B. a description of totem poles C . a useful idea for big logs D. a tourist guide to the Northwest D e t a il 2. W here were totem poles found? A. Alaska B. Canada C. Washington D. all of the above 3. T he animals on the totem poles A. are always painted in bright colors B. dont have any special meaning C . are symbols that have a meaning D. are carved by the head of the village
4. W hich of these animals is not discussed? A. a dog B. a bear C . a whale D. a bird In f e r e n c e 5. T he old totem poles are gone because A. they were in the Pacific Ocean B. they were outside C. the beavers, bears, and whales died D. people changed them every year 6. W hich of the following statements is true? A. Carvings were similar in Alaska and Washington. B. Carvings of bears werent found. C . People in Alaska also carved dogs on their totem poles. D. Everyone in the village carved totem poles.
A NTHRO POLOG Y : T O T E M PO L E S
47
VOCABULARY REVIEW

1 2 4 3
ACROSS 4. An exciting experience. 5. Be left after others are gone. 6. An area that is close to the ocean. 8. A large area of land.
DOWN 1. A type of tree. 2. Be careful! is a _____ 3. A person that you do not know. 7. T he soft part inside the m outh.
One word in each group does not fit. Ci
the word.
1. wood 2. protect 3. pair 4. village 5. carve 6. harvest
log luck danger coast paint food
fir guard warn town protect farm er
whale watch over curse city draw stranger
beav er
p a irs
skilled
stra n g e r
tongue
1. On a totem pole, the animal that has big teeth is a ________ 2. T he face with a _______ is usually a bear. 3. Some Korean totem poles are found i n ________ 4. A ...............came into the room. We did not know his name. 5 . _______ artists carved logs into totem poles. log luck reco rd s re m a in stra ig h t
6. T he m an carved the face of a bear on t h e ________ 7. It was b a d .............. to damage a Korean totem pole. 8. Native Americans did not keep w ritte n ________ 9. Totem poles are carved from ta ll_______ trees. 10. Some photographs_______ of the old totem poles. ad v en tu res h a rv e st carve p ro te c t sim ilar
11. T he animal carvings on the totem poles a re ________ 12. Some totem poles told stories about exciting________ 13. A rtists_______ designs in logs to create totem poles. 14. T he sm all_was not enough to feed the people in the village. 15. Korean people used totem poles t o _______ their villages.
re p re se n t (verb)
re p re se n ta tio n (noun)
rep re se n ta tiv e (adjective)
1. T he to te m s_______ different people or families in the village. 2. T he animal on the totem pole is a g o o d _______ of a whale.
re c o rd (noun)
re c o rd (verb)
re c o rd in g (noun)
3. C arrs paintings are a _______ of many lost totem poles. 4. She tried t o _______ the faces on the totem poles very carefully. a d v e n tu re (noun) a d v e n tu ro u s (adjective) a d v e n tu re r (noun)
5. T hey had a g re a t_______ off the coast of W ashington. 6. Are you a n _______ person? Do you like danger and excitement?
1. D o you believe that objects bring good or bad luck? Why? 2. Do you have anything to bring you good luck? W hat is it? W here did you get this object? W hen did you get it? 3. W hat other objects do people use for good luck? For protection?
Respo n d
in w r it in g
50
U N IT 5
A r c h it e c t u r e
V is u a l A r t
J k ..
Hearst Castle
1. W hat buildings do you rem em ber from your last vacation? 2. W hat is your favorite style of house? Why? 3. W hat can you understand about a person from his or her house?
sjf Julia Morgan, 1 8 72 -1 95 7
im
B in H
a __________________________________
1. W hat is your favorite building? W hat do you like about it? 2. W hat fam ous architects do you know about?
A. 1. b le n d __ 2. d esig n __ 3. earth q u ak e__ 4. n a tu ra l__ 5. reb u ild __

B.
a. make som ething again b . a sudden, violent m ovem ent of the ground c. mix smoothly d. plan the appearance of som ething e. coming from the earth a. admire; think about in a good way b. choosing when to do something c. stop working because of age d. about words and speaking e. som ething that someone builds
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
re tire __ resp ec t__ stru c tu re __ tim in g __ v erb al__
SCAN
Julia M organ worked on H earst Castle for 28 years,

a. True b. False
52
U n it 6
Julia Morgan: Architect

Julia M organ loved buildings. D uring her career, she designed more than 700 structures. She was one of the best architects in the U nited States. 5 In 1902, few women went to college. Julia M organ graduated with a degree in architecture in 1902. T hen she got a job in San Francisco, her hometown. She was the first woman architect in 10 California. M organ liked to design Californiastyle buildings. These buildings used local materials and natural colors. T he buildings blended into the area. 15 In 1904, M organ started her own business. She didnt know it, but her tim in g was perfect. In 1906, San Francisco had a terrible earthquake and fire. It destroyed many buildings.
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35
People had to rebuild their shops, offices, and homes. M organ was suddenly a very busy woman. M organ and her work were soon famous. People resp ected Morgan and her ideas. In 1919, William Hearst hired M organ to design his new house. He was a very rich and powerful man. He wanted to build a castle in San Simeon, California. This was a big job. M organ worked on H earst Castle for 28 years. Julia M organ retired in 1951. Before she died in 1957, she burned many of her papers. She didnt want people to read about her buildings. She wanted people to look at them. Architecture, Julia M organ said, is a visual, not a verbal art.
h e c k y o u r c o m p r e h e n s io n
M a in i d e a 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. a famous style of architecture B. a famous architect C. a famous house D. a famous earthquake DETAIL 2. W hat happened in California in 1906? A. There was a terrible earthquake. B. H earst hired M organ to build his house. C. M organ burned many of her papers. D. M organ graduated in architecture. 3. W hat is part of California style? A. shops, offices, and homes B. local materials and natural colors C. rich and powerful men D. earthquakes and fires
4. W hat did Julia M organ design? A. homes B. offices C. shops D. all of the above In f e r e n c e 5. Why did Julia M organ bu m her papers? A. She wanted to design more structures. B. She wanted to use local materials. C. She wanted her buildings to blend in. D. She wanted her buildings to speak for her. 6. W hat is probably true about Julia Morgan? A. She was an unusual woman for her time. B. She was the only architect in San Francisco. C. She didnt like castles. D. She didnt use materials from the area.
A R C H ITEC TU R E: VISUAL A RT
53
Chapter 2
^ Hearst Castle
1. Describe the building in the photo. 2. W hat would it be like to live in a castle?
avro a a gtiiila
A. 1. a n tiq u e __ 2. ceiling__ 3. collection__ 4. fill _ 5. fireplace__
B.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. make som ething full b. a very old and valuable thing c. the place in a room where you make a fire d. the top of the inside of a room e. a group of objects a. belonging to a particular person or thing b. separate som ething into different parts c. a park with wild animals d. go on a visit of a place e. form a picture or an idea in your m ind
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
im ag in e__ o w n __ take a p a r t__ t o u r __ z o o __
Scan
H earst filled his castle with new furniture and m odern art.
a. T rue b. False
54
U n it 6
Hearst Castle
W hat is your idea of a castle? W hat does it look like? W here is it? M ost people dont im agin e castles in the U nited States, but William Randolph 5 H earst did. He built a castle at San Simeon in California. T he castle has 56 bedrooms, 19 living rooms, two swimming pools, and a zoo! T he H earst family was very rich. 10 W hen William was a boy, he and his m other went on many trips to Europe. She taught him about European art. They bought art and antiques for their familys collection. W hen he grew up, 15 Hearst rem embered those trips. He rem embered the beautiful castles. He wanted to build his own castle. He planned to fill it with art and antiques.
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H earst hired architect Julia M organ to design and build the castle. He bought art and antiques to fill it. He also bought some antique buildings. Workers took apart the buildings in Europe. Then they sent the pieces to California. M organ used the ceilings, fireplaces, and windows in the rooms at Hearst Castle. Hearst and M organ worked on the castle for 28 years. Hearst grew old and became ill. In 1947, construction finally stopped. H earst died in 1951 at the age of 88. In 1957, the H earst family gave the castle to the state. Today it is a museum. Thousands of visitors come to San Simeon every year to tour H earsts American castle.
M a in i d e a 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. the life ofWilliam Randolph Hearst B. the story of H earsts home C . H earsts art collection D. castles in the U nited States D e t a il 2. On their trips to Europe, Hearst and his m other A. built castles B. took classes in art C . bought art and antiques D. took apart buildings 3. In H earst Castle there are A. pieces from other buildings B. art collections from around the world C . more than 75 rooms D. all of the above
4. How long did Hearst and M organ work on H earst Castle? A. 19 years B. 28 years C . 56 years D. 88 years In f e r e n c e 5. Why did H earst want to build a castle? A. He wanted a m useum for visitors. B. He wanted a castle like the castles in Europe. C . He wanted to protect his family. D. He wanted to live in Europe, but it wasnt possible. 6. In 1947, construction stopped at Hearst Castle because A. H earst was too ill to continue B. the castle was finished C. H earst died D. H earst didnt have any more art
a r c h it e c t u r e : v is u a l
Art
55
A decorative ceiling at Hearst Castle
______________________________________________________
1. W hat kinds of antiques do you like? 2. Do you have any antiques? D o you use them , or are they only for decoration?
EE&a JSk.
Match the words with their definitions,
A. 1. cause __ 2. chim ney__ 3. c lie n t__ 4. co n crete__ 5. d eco ratio n__ B. 1. in stea d __ 2. so lu tio n __ 3. solve __ 4. specific__ 5. stru c tu ra l__
a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
som eone who receives a service som ething added to make a thing m ore attractive a hard substance used in construction a place for smoke to leave a fireplace make som ething else happen
I W
i _____________________________ _____________ _________
H earst didnt care m uch about the design of H earst Castle, a. True b. False
56
U n it 6
The Problem at Hearst Castle

T he most difficult thing about building H earst Castle was the client. William Randolph H earst had strong ideas about the design of his castle. He 5 wanted to use sp ecific pieces of art in specific rooms. But there was one problem. Hearst changed his m ind again and again and again! Julia M organ was the architect of 10 H earst Castle. She had to redesign and rebuild rooms to m atch her clients new ideas. Sometimes this caused big structural problems. M organ was an expert in design and construction, so she 15 found ways to solve the problems. In one room, H earst wanted to use an antique ceiling from Spain. T he Spanish ceiling was in hundreds of pieces. It wasnt possible to rebuild it.
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M organ thought of a good solution. She designed a concrete ceiling. Workers put the pieces of the Spanish ceiling into the wet concrete. T he Spanish ceiling is really only decoration. In another room , there was an antique fireplace. H earst bought a bigger antique fireplace from France. He wanted to use it instead. M organ put the French fireplace in the wall, but the fireplace didnt m eet the chim ney. M organ had to design and build a second chimney to m eet the m ain chimney inside the walls. M organs solutions almost always worked and Hearst was happybut only for a little while. Soon, he changed his m ind again, and M organ had new problems to solve.
PREH
M a in i d e a 1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A. some of the buildings at H earst Castle B. some of the problems building Hearst Castle C. some of the workers at Hearst Castle D. some of the visitors to H earst Castle DETAIL 2. W hat was the most difficult thing about building H earst Castle? A. the architect B. the fireplaces C . the client D. the art and antiques 3. W hen Hearst had new ideas, M organ often had to A. buy more art and antiques B. hire new workers C . cause structural problems D. redesign and rebuild rooms
4. How did M organ use the Spanish ceiling? A. She put it into a concrete ceiling. B. She redesigned and rebuilt the room. C. She wasnt able to use it. D. She used one piece. INFERENCE 5. Why was M organ a good architect for H earst Castle? A. She knew a lot about art and antiques. B. She knew a lot about design and construction. C. She knew a lot about Hearst. D. She knew a lot about Spain and France. 6. Why didnt the French fireplace m eet the chimney? A. It was a different size. B. T he first fireplace was not from France. C . It was older. D. T he first fireplace was an antique.
a r c h it e c t u r e :V is u a l
Art
57
Vo c a b u l a r y R e v ie w
C ro ssw
ord puzzle
ACROSS 3. W hen you stop working because of age, y o u -------5. Walls and floors a r e _____parts of a building 6. H earst had a big a r t _____ 7. People stand near t h e _____to get warm. 8. Architects make t h e ____ of a building. DOWN
1. This is the opposite of general. 2. A bout words and speaking. 4. T here was a te rrib le _____in California in 1906. 5. Find an answer to a problem.
W RO N G W ORD
1. create 2. house 3. collection 4. design 5. solution 6. house
rebuild building structure plans answer office
retire castle art ceilings timing shop
plan fireplace antiques papers result zoo
58
UN IT 6
IWfliiBFP
cau sed
"__________ __ _ __ _______ . . . _____

im agine in stea d n a tu ra l reb u ild
1. Some of H earsts id ea s_______ big problems for the architect. 2. H earst didnt want a norm al house. He wanted a castle________ 3. After the earthquake in 1906, people in San Francisco had t o ________their homes, shops, and offices. 4. Julia M organ liked t o _______ buildings in her head. T hen she designed them on paper. 5. Some people prefer plastic or steel furniture. Others p refe r____ materials clients own solution to u r zoo like wood.
6. Visitors to H earst Castle like t h e ________ They learn about the rooms and the art. 7. A store has customers. A professional person, like an architect, h a s ________ 8. For every problem at H earst Castle, M organ thought of a ________ 9. Some children share a bedroom , but some have th e ir_______ rooms. 10. At H earst Castle, there was a _______ with many interesting animals. b len d ed ceilings filled tak e a p a r t tim in g
11. Workers had t o _______ a building in Europe and send the pieces to California. 12. W hen you look up in H earst Castle, you see many beautiful_______ in the rooms. 13. M o rg an _______ many styles of architecture to design Hearst Castle. 14. He was not late and not early. H is _______ was perfect. 15. H e a rst_______ many of the rooms with art and antiques from Europe.
tm
rn m
_______________________________________________________________________
Fill in the blanks with words form each box.
collection (noun)
collect (verb)
collector (noun)
1. Some people like t o _______ stamps or dolls or old books. 2. Letters from famous people can be valuable. A _______ looks for these letters in antique shops.
retirem ent (noun)
retired (adjective)
retire (verb)
3. In the U nited States, m ost p e o p le _______ at about age 65. 4. People save m oney for th e ir _______ while they are working. im agination (noun) im aginative (adjective) im agine (verb)
5. Architects m ust b e ________ T hey have to think of many different designs. 6. W hen you decorate your room , use y o u r________ You d ont w ant a boring room.
W r a p It U p
3 * 2 9 _________________________________________________
1. W hat rooms are in a house? T hink of all the room s that can possibly be in a house and write them on the lines. kitchen___________ ____________ ________________________
2. W hat is your favorite room in a house? Why? Is this your favorite room in any house or in one specific house?
R espo n d
in w r it in g
N a t u r a l H is t o r y
ANIMALS OF THE PAST
Models of dinosaurs
Befo
r e you rea d
1. W hat do you know about dinosaurs? 2. Have you ever seen dinosaur bones? 3. W here did you see them?
Prepare to read Discuss these questions. 1. Why do people look for dinosaur bones? 2. Would you like to look for dinosaur bones? Why or why not?
W O R D FOCUS Match the words with their definitions. A. 1. a rg u e __ 2. b o n e __ 3. b u rie d __ 4. collect__ 5. destroy __ B. 1 . enemy ___ 2. fossil__ 3. identify__ 4. s ite __ 5. species __ a. b. c. d. e. a. b. c. d. e.
damage som ething so badly you can no longer use it hidden in the ground disagree angrily one of the hard parts inside the body gather a num ber of things over a period of time recognize or say what som ething is a group of plants or animals that are similar to each other a person who hates and tries to harm somebody what is left of a plant or animal from long ago a place where som ething happened in the past
Sc a n Guess if this is true or false. Circle a or b.
D inosaurs lived in the U nited States,

a. T rue b. False
62
U n it 7
Marsh and Cope: The Bone Wars

Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. In the 1800s, scientists found dinosaur fossils in the U nited States. Fossils are the b ones of these animals. T he bones 5 were buried in rock for a long time, and they became very hard. Edward Cope and Othniel M arsh were two scientists who found many of the dinosaur fossils. These science 10 professors collected fossils and named new dinosaurs. They sent the fossils to museums and universities. Cope and M arsh were very successful in their search for fossils. Both m en wanted to 15 find more fossils than anyone else. The two scientists worked together, but they often argued. In 1877, dinosaur fossils were discovered in Colorado. Both M arsh 20 and Cope went to the site with teams of workers. T heir teams dug up many new fossils. T he two scientists identified the fossils and wrote about them. There was a lot of competition 2 5 between the two men. Both men hoped to find new sp ecies or types of dinosaurs. At one point, Cope said that M arsh stole fossils from his site. Then Cope stole fossils from M arsh. M arsh 3 0 even destroyed one of his own sites because he didnt want Cope to find it. T heir arguments became known as the bone wars. Both m en discovered new species, but 35 M arsh found more than Cope. These m en became enem ies, but their bone wars led to exciting new discoveries.
C H E C K Y O U R C O M P R E H E N S IO N
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. dinosaurs in the U nited States B. where dinosaurs lived C. the search for fossils around the world D. the competition between two scientists DETAIL 2. W hen did the m en search for fossils? A. in the 1600s B. in the 1700s C. in the 1800s D. in the 1900s 3. W hich things happened in the bone wars? A. M arsh stole fossils from Cope. B. M arsh and Cope argued. C. Cope stole fossils from M arsh. D. all of the above
4. W hat did M arsh and Cope want to do? A. work in a m useum B . find more fossils than anyone else C. destroy dinosaur bones D. stay at home INFERENCE 5. Why did scientists want to find dinosaur fossils? A. They were tired of collecting rocks. B. They wanted to have lots of workers. C . They wanted to learn about past life on earth. D. They wanted to travel to other places. 6. M arsh and Cope were both A. well-known professors of m ath B. very good friends with each other C . interested in a fossil site in California D. good at identifying dinosaur fossils
N a t u r a l h is t o r y : A n im a l s o f t h e P a s t
63
Ch apter 2
A large dinosaur skeleton
repare to r ea d
1. W hen did dinosaurs live? W here did they live? 2. Why do some places have m ore dinosaur fossils than others?
W O RD FOCUS
A. 1. a n cien t__ 2. d e se rt__ 3. glim pse__ 4. lay er__ 5. m u d __ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. realize__ sh o re __ skeleton__ so u rc e __ sw am p__
a. a large area of land with very little water b. a quantity of som ething on top of another thing c. a quick look at som ething or someone d, very old; from the distant past e, soft, very wet earth a . an area of soft, very wet land b. know or understand that som ething is true c. land along the edge of an ocean, lake, or sea d. all the bones of the body together e. the place where som ething comes from
SCAN
Swamps are a good source of food for animals, a. T rue

b. False
64
u n it 7
The Morrison Formation of Colorado

T he first dinosaur fossils in the U nited States came from the M orrison Form ation in Colorado. Scientists discovered dinosaur bones there in 1871. 5 Today scientists continue to dig up fossils at this rich site. T he first dinosaur bone from the site was 33 inches (82.5 cm) long. At first, fossil hunters thought the bone was a 10 tree branch. W hen they realized it was a bone, they dug it out carefully. In one place, fossil hunters found several bones from one dinosaur. Scientists later put the bones together. T he bones formed 15 part of a dinosaur skeleton. Today this area is a desert, but millions of years ago this was a huge swam p. It was on the shore of an an cien t sea. T he sea and the nearby 20 swamp were rich sources of food for the dinosaurs. Some species of dinosaurs ate other dinosaurs. Sometimes dinosaurs fell in the swamp and couldnt get out. Layer on layer of m ud covered the dead 2 5 animals. Their bones remain as a record of ancient life. T he M orrison Form ation has many types of fossils from the sea and the land. There are fossils of ancient sea 3 0 animals and plants as well as dinosaur bones. A m useum at the site shows what the dinosaurs looked like. It shows how the land looked millions of years ago. 3 5 Visitors can also tour some of the fossil sites. T he M orrison Form ation gives us a glim p se of life millions of years ago.
Check
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A . people who hunt for fossils B. a site where fossils are found C . life in an ancient sea D. a fossil m useum DETAIL 2. Millions of years ago the M orrison Form ation was A. sea and swamp B. sea and desert C . desert and mountains D. desert and swamp 3. T he first dinosaur bone found at the site A. was discovered in the water B. was only five inches long C . was found on the ground under a tree D. looked like a tree branch
4. T he M orrison Form ation has fossils of A. plants B. sea animals C . dinosaurs D. all of the above INFERENCE 5. W hich is true about the site? A. T he climate changed from wet to dry. B . T he climate stayed the same as it was before. C . T he dinosaurs made the land dry out. D. Scientists dried out the land before they started to dig for bones. 6. Why did so many dinosaurs live there? A. It was a beautiful place. B. All of the rest of the land was desert. C . They were afraid to move. D. There was a lot of food and water.
NATURAL H ISTORY: ANIM ALS OF TH E PA ST
j A model of a m am moth
P repare
to r ead
1. D o scientists today still find fossils? 2. Are there any fossil sites near your town or city?
W O R D FO C U S
A. 1. b u b b le __ 2. exam ine__ 3. g ia n t__ 4. m aterial__ 5. o u td o o rs__ B. 1. p i t __ 2. rem o v e__ 3. sticky__ 4. su b stan ce__ 5. t a r __
a. very large b. outside a building, in the open air c. a substance for making or doing som ething d. rise up because of air or gas trapped underneath e. look at som ething carefully a. a thick black sticky liquid b. soft and difficult to remove c. take som ething out d. a large hole in the ground e. a solid or liquid material
SCAN
Scientists allow people to watch as they clean the fossils,

a. True b. False
66
U NIT 7
Hunting for Fossils in Los Angeles

H unting for fossils is usually done outdoors. In Los Angeles, at the La Brea Tar P its, scientists work both inside and outside. T he m useum at the site has an 5 unusual room near one of the pits. Here scientists exam in e fossils of animals that are thousands of years old. Visitors can watch as scientists rem ove fossils from the tar. In another room, visitors can 10 watch scientists clean tar from the bones. Since 1908, scientists have found more than one million fossils at La Brea. T he fossils are from animals that walked around Los Angeles 10,000 to 40,000 15 years ago. This includes over 2,000 tiger skeletons. T he species found at La Brea no longer exist, but they are not as old as the dinosaurs. T he giant wolves, tigers,
................. ........ .. ~ "~ -
and m am m oths (a type of elephant) at 20 La Brea existed when the first people came to N orth America. T he tar in the La Brea Tar Pits is a natural substance called asphalt, the same black m aterial used on streets and 25 driveways. Visitors can smell the hot tar and see it bubble. Long ago, animals walked in the sticky tar and couldnt get out. Their bones became the fossils that scientists 30 are finding. Many skeletons are complete because the tar kept them in good condition. Scientists can study them and tell us about life in Los Angeles 40,000 years ago. Los Angeles has always had a 35 wild side.
C h e c k y o u r c o m p r e h e n s io n Read the passage again and answer the questions. Circle your answers.
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. what a tar pit looks like B. fossils from dinosaurs C. the tigers that lived long ago D . finding fossils in Los Angeles today DETAIL 2. T he La Brea Tar Pits still have A. animals falling into them B. bubbling tar C. active tigers in them D . dinosaurs 3. Which of the following did not live at the same time? A. dinosaurs B. tigers C. wolves D. people
4. How many fossils have scientists found in the La Brea Tar Pits? A. 2,000 B. 10,000 C . 40,000 D. over one million INFERENCE 5. Why do scientists allow visitors to watch? A. Visitors can learn about the past. B. T he visitors can help clean the fossils. C . T he visitors can watch for tigers. D. Scientists usually have people watch their work. 6. W hich of the following statements is true? A. Tigers once lived in Los Angeles. B. Hum ans were in Los Angeles 10,000 years ago. C. T he wolves were bigger than today. D. all of the above
n a t u r a l h is to r y : a n im a ls o f th e p a s t
67
Vo c a b u l a r y R e v ie w
i t m f e W M ;> ! T 3 1 T7 7 n ____________
C O
r^-
00
ACROSS 3. This is land with very little water. 4. This is an area of soft, very wet land. 6. Recognize or say what som ething is. 8. Take som ething out.
DOWN 1. T he remains of a plant or animal from long ago. 2. A large hole in the ground. 4. This is land along the edge of an ocean, lake, or sea. 5. Soft, very wet earth. 7. A thick black sticky liquid.
W RO N G W ORD
1. bones 2. glimpse 3. sea 4. discover 5. site 6. species
fossils giant swamp destroy location swamp
skeletons huge bubble uncover place kind
desert large shore find examine type
W O R D S IN C O N T E X T
bubbled
destroyed
fossils
identify
site
1. M arsh and Cope wanted t o _______ new types of dinosaurs. 2. T a r _______ up from the ground. T he smell was terrible. 3. M a rsh _______ one of his own fossil sites. 4 . _______ are very old remains of animals and plants. 5. T he n e w h ad a lot of dinosaur bones. It was a rich source of fossils. ancient _ desert layers realized swamp
6. A _______ is very wet land. There are usually a lot of plants and animals. 7. T he M orrison Form ation is the site of a n _____ _sea. 8. Fossil h u n te rs_______ that the tree branch was really a bone. 9. A _______ is a very dry place with few plants. 10. Many _______ of m ud covered the dinosaur bones. giant outdoors pit rem oved skeleton
11. M ost fossil hunters w o rk ________ 12. T he d in o saur_______ is almost complete. Only a few bones are missing. 13. Scientists_________ the fossils from the tar pit. 14 . _______ animals lived in the area that is now Los Angeles. 15. T he tiger fell into th e ________ It could not get out.
arg u e (verb)
a rg u m e n t (noun)
a rg u m e n ta tiv e (adjective)
1. M arsh and Cope used to ____________about everything. 2. T he two scientists had a n ________over the name of a fossil.
NATURAL H ISTORY: ANIM ALS OF T H E P A S T
69
identity (noun)
identify (verb)
identification (noun)
3. H e is very good at p la n t________ 4. H e c a n _______ every species correctly. destruction (noun) destroy (verb) destructive (adjective)
5. Please dig carefully. We m ust n o t _______ the site. 6. T h e _______ of the site caused the loss of many fossils.
1. Why do people like to know about dinosaurs? 2. W hat can we learn from fossils? 3. Is this inform ation im portant to our lives today? 4. Are there any animals today that look like dinosaurs? 5. Could dinosaurs live on the E arth today? If so, where? 6. Do you think that the dinosaurs in movies act like the real ones did? Why or why not?
R E S P O N D IN W R IT IN G
70
U n it 7
UNIT 8
Technology
Com puters
ane) t h e
In t e r n e t
A laptop computer
Before you read Answer these questions.
1. Do you have a com puter at home? W hat type of com puter is it? 2. W hat do you use the com puter for? 3. W hat do you know about the first home computer? W ho made it?
71
CHAPTER 1
Steve Jobs, 1955-
1. Imagine life w ithout com puters. W hat would be different? 2. W hat do you know about Steve Jobs or Apple computers?
m ESm sSm
A. 1 . cr iv e__ 2. drop o u t __ 3. favorite__ 4. g arag e__ 5. in v en to r__

B.
a liked m ore than any other b using skill or new ideas to make things c quit school d a person who makes som ething for the first time e a building or p art of a house where cars are kept a. half a school year b. keep som ething for future use c. liked by m any people d. the m oney that a person receives for work e. a com puter in a persons home
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
personal c o m p u ter__ p o p u la r__ salary __ sem ester__ store __
T he first hom e com puter was built in a garage, a. T rue

b. False
72
U n it 8
Steve Jobs: Modern Inventor

Steve Jobs, the inventor of the Apple computer, worked for many years for a salary of $ 1 a year. Today he is one of the richest m en in the world. Jobs was born in Wisconsin and grew up in California. He was a good student, but he dropped out of college after just one sem ester. Jobs went home and joined a com puter club. There, he m et Steve Wozniak. The two became friends. Both started working at a company that m ade com puter games. In 1976, Jobs and Wozniak built the first personal com puter, the Apple, in a garage. T he friends started their company Apple Com puter. T he next year, they built the very popular Apple II. In 1984, they built the Macintosh. Small pictures called icons helped
' - i n n r l l Hl f l l i f t ' 1 V Mi . t V l ftS
20
25
10
30
15
35
people use the computer. Jobs added a mouse. T he mouse made the computer easy to use. T he two friends made millions of dollars with their computers. In 1986, Jobs started a movie company, Pixar. Pixar makes movies with computers. There are no actors, just drawings. Some of Pixars best-known movies are Toy Story and Finding Nemo. Now, Jobs works with other inventors on useful things such as the iPod. People can store their favorite songs on this tiny machine. Tony Fadell developed the iPod. T hen he sold his invention to Apple. Steve Jobs is a creative man. He has a special ability to guess what people will like and what they will use. Millions of people own one of his inventions.
* > ! - S * - S . ( $- *. :
M U A m f e m J M A U J W W B H M _____________________________
M a in i d e a 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. an inventor B. a movie company C . a com puter company D. a new invention D e t a il 2. How long did Steve Jobs go to college? A. one week B. one semester C. one year D. four years 3. Macintosh was a popular computer because it was A. easy to use B. nice to look at C. cheap D. expensive
4. W hat does Pixar make? A. music B . computers C. screens D. movies INFERENCE 5. W hat do we know about Steve Jobs? A. He liked college. B . He never watches movies. C . He likes to invent things. D. He doesnt listen to music. 6. W hich of these statements is true about Steve Jobs? A. He invented the iPod. B. He acted in movies. C . He made computers easy to use. D. He worked with Bill Gates.
TECH NO LOG Y: C O M PU T E R S AND THE INTERNET
73
Prepare to read Discuss these questions. 1. D o you know where com puters are m ade today?
2. W hat do you know about India?
W O R D FO CU S
Match the words with their definitions. A. 1 . b eau tifu l__ a. the work done by an engineer, using m ath and science in practical b.
2. college__ 3. engineering__ 4. g a rd e n __ 5. g rad u a te__

B. 1. h ealth y __
c.
d.
e.
a. b. c. d. e.
ways a place where flowers, trees, and plants grow nice to look at a person who has com pleted studies at a college a place where people study after high school a place or position for all people the m aterial used to make com puter chips not sick in another country across an ocean
2. lo catio n __ 3. overseas__ 4. p u b lic __ 5. silicon__
Sc a n H
Bangalore is known for its public gardens,

a. T rue b. False
74
U n it 8
The New Silicon Valley

T he area near San Francisco, California is called Silicon Valley. It got this name because of the large num ber of com puter companies there. At one 5 time, most of the worlds computer companies were in California. Today, it is m uch cheaper to build computers overseas. M any com puter companies now have 10 offices in Bangalore, India. This area is called the Silicon Valley of India. It has over 1,000 com puter companies. There are also many colleges in the area. T he com puter companies hire engineering 15 graduates. About 6 million people live in Bangalore. It is one of largest cities in India. This city is very old. It was founded in 1537. Bangalore is called the 20 G arden City. There are many trees and flowers in the city. Also, there are many public gardens and parks. People can walk around and see beautiful colors everywhere. 25 T he city is popular with companies because of the nice weather. People say that it is a very healthy city. It is never very cold or very hot, so people like to live there. 30 T he city is growing, and college graduates can choose the job they want. They can also ask for more money. Now, some companies are looking for new locations. They want to open offices in 35 other places. Soon, a city in Pakistan or China may be the N ew New Silicon Valley.
Check
M AIN IDEA 1. W hat is the main topic of the passage? A. Bangalore is an old and beautiful city. B. Graduates can find jobs in Bangalore. C. T he old Silicon Valley is in California. D. There are many com puter companies in Bangalore. D e t a il 2. Why do com puter companies make computers overseas? A. T he weather is better. B. T he cities are bigger. C. It is cheaper. D. There are more gardens and parks. 3. Bangalore is called the G arden City because A. the city is growing B. the city is very healthy C. the weather is always nice D. it has many gardens and parks
4. How many people live in Bangalore? A. 4 million B . 5 million C . 6 million D. 7 million INFERENCE 5. W hat do we know about com puter jobs in Bangalore? A. It is difficult to find work. B . There are a lot of jobs available. C . M ost graduates leave the city. D. Few companies have offices there. 6. In the future, A. com puter companies may open offices in cheaper places B. India will be ideal for computers C. companies will return to the U.S. D. the weather in Bangalore will get hotter
75
TECH NO LOG Y: C O M PU T E R S AND T H E IN TER N ET
Ch apter 3
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Prepare to read Discuss these questions.
1. W hat do you use the Internet for? 2. Have you ever used Instant Messaging?
W O R D FO CU S H
A. 1. com m unicate__ 2. c o n n ec t__ 3. c re ate __ _ 4. in p a rticu la r__ 5. in sta n t__ B. 1. o n lin e 2. p ro g ram 3. receive 4. seco n d 5. w ebsite
a. especially b. a very short period of time c. join or link som ething d. make som ething new e. give inform ation to someone a. one of the 60 parts in a m inute; a very short time b . connected to the Internet by a com puter c. a place on the Internet where people or businesses pu t inform ation d. instructions to make a com puter do som ething e. get som ething that someone sends you
_ _ __ _ _
SCAN
R B fiB B B I
b. False
Email was invented by accident,

a. T rue
76
U n it 8
Technology Changes Our Lives

C om puters changed life for all of us. Two com puter inventions in particular changed the way we com m unicate: email and the World Wide Web. 5 Email, or electronic mail, allows us to send messages without paper or a stamp. In an instant, a person at a computer anywhere in the world can send and receive messages. Ray Tomlinson sent 10 the first email in 1971. He worked for a company that was doing projects for the U.S. military. T heir goal was to create a new way for people to communicate with each other. 15 T he company created a network called ARPANET. Com puter program s helped organize email on the network. Once only the military used email. Now
20
25
30
35
anyone can send and receive email. Today, there are about 600 million email accounts. T he invention of this network led to the development of the World Wide Web. T im Berners-Lee created the Web in 1990. It allows us to connect to people and businesses around the world. It lets us do things in seconds that used to take a long time. We can do research. We can shop online. We can go to different w ebsites and compare prices. We can find maps and plan trips. We can buy airplane tickets or get hotel rooms without making a phone call. Com puters make our lives easier. Now, we can do almost anything without leaving our desks.
C h e c k y o u r c o m p r e h e n s io n Read the passage again and answer the questions. Circle your answers.
MAIN IDEA 1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A. instant messaging B. shopping on the Internet C. changes in technology D. the importance of emails DETAIL 2. Who sent the first email? A. the U.S. government B . M ark Arpanet C. T im Berners-Lee D. Ray Tomlinson 3. W hat did T im Berners-Lee create? A. ARPANET B. the World Wide Web C. the com puter D. email accounts
4. W hen was the World W ide Web developed? A. 1960 B . 1971 C. 1990 D. 1996 INFERENCE 5. Shopping online helps people A. find the cheapest price for something B. find the location of a store C. shop even when stores are closed D. all of the above 6. Email and the World W ide Web are similar because A. they both work on a com puter network B. they were both invented for the military C. Ray Tomlinson invented both D. all of the above
TECH NO LOG Y: C O M PU T E R S AND TH E IN TERN ET
Vo c a b u l a r y R e v i e w
C ro ssw
ord puzzle
ACROSS 1. A person who has com pleted his/her studies. 3. T he m aterial used to make com puter chips. 5. In another country across an ocean i s _____ 6. Som ething that m any people like i s _____ 8. W hen we join or link something, we it. 9. Give inform ation to someone. DOWN 1. A place to p u t cars. 2. T he work done by an engineer. 4. A place on the Internet where a person or business gives information. 7. Som ething that is available to everyone i s _____
W RO N G W ORD
1. semester 2. graduate 3. personal com puter 4. popular 5. house 6. flowers
college com m unicate online program garage park
overseas email public favorite office second
university connect website liked silicon garden
78
u n it
W O R D S IN CO NTEX T
garden
online
overseas
popular
seconds
1. I love to travel________ Seeing different cultures is exciting. 2. People who look for th in g s_______ are said to surf the web. 3. The city of Boston has a large p u b lic _______ with beautiful flowers and trees. 4. Tom Cruise is a v e ry _______ actor. He stars in many movies. 5. An email message arrives i n ________ connect creative garage inventions website
6. I just found a great n e w __________ It has cheap airline tickets. 7. He needs to clean h is __________________He cant even park his car in there. 8. Inventors are v e ry _______ people. They think of new ideas and new ways to do things. 9. Television is one of the g re a t_______ of the 20th century. 10. To _ _ _ _ _ _ to the W orldW ide Web, all you need is a computer. healthy instant receive salary silicon
11. I _______ about 40 emails a day. I try to read all of them. 12. To sta y _______ , you should eat lots of green vegetables. 13. A good education will help you get a larger _ 14. C om puter chips are made fro m ________ 15. Com puters allow us to do many things in an
W O R D FAM ILIES F ill in the blanks w ith words from each box. invent (verb) invention (noun) inventive (adjective)
1. A n _______ like the com puter can change society. 2. A person m ust be very creative t o _______ new technology.
TECH NO LOG Y: C O M PU T E R S AND T H E IN TERN ET
79
beauty (noun)
beautiful (adjective)
beautifully (adverb)
3. She sings s o ________ I love to listen to her. 4. M any people think Apple com puters a r e ________ create (verb) creation (noun) creative (adjective)
5. She came up with a _______ solution for the problem. 6. T h e _______ of email changed the way people com m unicate with each other.
WRAP IT UP
1. Do you use a computer? How often? 2. W hat do you do with the computer? Play games? W rite papers? Listen to music? Send email? Shop? 3. D o you think com puters changed our lives? W hy or why not? 4. Are our lives better or worse with computers? Explain. 5. W hat will com puters be able to do in the future?
_________________________
E s s e n t ia l R e a d in g Sk il l s :
A n s w e r K e y a n d E x p la n a tio n s
What
to d o befo re you read
1. Possible answer. A thin older woman is sitting outside; shes smiling; shes wearing a white shirt and a sweater over her shoulders. H er dark hair is pulled back in an old style. There is a hill behind her. It looks like a dry place. T he painting is of a flower. 2. Possible answer. It seems to be an old photograph, and she is wearing oldfashioned clothes. 3. Possible answer. Maybe the passage will be about this woman and her paintings. B. 1. T he caption on the left tells us that her name is Georgia O Keefe. It also has the dates 1887-1996.T he caption on the right tells us the name of the painting, Red Poppy 1971.
2. She is no longer living. T he first date is the year she was born; the second date is the year she died. 3. Answers will vary. C. 1. T he title names Georgia O Keefe, so the passage is about a person. 2. Georgia O Keefe is nam ed in the title and is the person in the photograph. Red Poppy 1971 is one of her paintings. 3. Possible answer T he passage will be about Georgia O Keefe. She m ust be an artist. D. 1 . 10
2. 1
E. 1. T he first paragraph 2. T he last paragraph
W H A T TO D O W HILE YOU R EA D A. Does it have dialogue? N o Is it a story? No Does it have technical vocabulary? Does it have charts and diagrams? Is it academic or professional? No Does it have dates and events in a persons life? Yes Is it a biography? Yes
No No
B. 1. pioneer, portraits, countryside, landscapes, traditional, canvas, petals, skull, im age, background 2. notan 3. 20th century, 1900s, 1986 4. 70 years, 98, hundreds 5. America (n), New Mexico 6. Georgia O Keefe C. F alse. Georgia O Keefe painted for 70 years, not for 98 years. She lived to age 98. (see lines 34-35)
TIP: Remember to decide what type of information to look for. 81
E s s e n t ia l R e a d in g S k ills
D. 1. W hat is the m ain topic of the passage? A B C D ts >W

82
is n o t correct. This is just one type of painting. It is a detail. is the correct answer. is not correct. This is just one style of painting. It is a detail. is not correct. This is too general. T he passage is only about one artist.
. Women artists often painted A is not correct. Children are m entioned. This is one of the correct answers, but B and C are also correct. B is n o t correct. Mothers are m entioned. M others are women. This is one of the correct answers, b u t A and C are also correct. C is not correct. Landscapes are m entioned. This is one of the correct answers, but A and B are also correct. D is correct. This is the correct answer. It includes the inform ation in A, B, and C.
TIP: Dont choose the first answer that is correct. Read all of the choices.
3. O Keefe painted the desert of A is the correct answer. New Mexico has deserts. This state is m entioned. B is n ot correct. New York does not have deserts, and it is not m entioned. C is not correct. N ew Ham pshire does not have deserts, and it is not m entioned. D is not correct. N ew Brunswick does not have deserts, and it is not m entioned.
TIP: Eliminate any choices that you know are clearly wrong.
4. W hat did O Keefe paint? A is not correct. Trees are not m entioned. Butterflies are m entioned in a different way. B is the correct answer. O Keefe painted large flowers, and she painted bones. C is not correct. Rivers and lakes are not m entioned. D is not correct. O ther wom en artists painted m others and babies, not O Keefe.
TIP: Sometimes a question combines details from two different places in the passage.
E s s e n t ia l R e a d in g s k il l s
F. 5. W hich of the following is not true? A is not correct. People buy calendars, cards, prints, and posters. From this, we can infer that people like O Keefes work. B is not correct. O Keefe lived to be 98 years old. T hat is a long life. C is not correct. From the description of the flower paintings, we can infer that they look real. D is the correct answer. O Keefe studied notan, but we cannot infer that she taught classes. She was a student, not a teacher.
TIP: Be careful of words like not.
6. W hat can we say about O Keefe? A is the correct answer. She painted natural things, and we can infer that she loved nature. B is not correct. The passage mentions a painting of a skull and sky but no flowers. T he word all makes this inference incorrect even though O Keefe did some desert paintings with flowers. C is not correct. She painted flowers and bones, but we cannot infer that she painted living animals. D is not correct. The passage mentions white bones and blue sky, so we cannot infer that she only used black and white paint.
TIP: Be careful of words like a// or only.
G. 1. A In the early 1900s, many women artists p ainted portraits, often of children or of m others with young children.
2. A You see the inside of the flower. You feel the flowers soft petals. You see its bright colors. 3. C One famous painting was the skull of a cow. You see white bones and the blue sky. 4. In the desert of New Mexico everything is dry. 5. You view the painting like a small insec% perhaps a bee or a butterfly. 6. You can feel how dry, how arid, the desert is. 7. O Keefe studied notary a Japanese painting style.
E s s e n t i a l R e a d in g S k il ls
83
VOCABULARY INDEX
A
accept 17 accident 13 active 23 adventure 47 advice 23 ancient 65 announce 35 antique 55 architecture 7 argue 63 army 25 author 23 control 17 copy 5 counter 5 crash diet 25 create 77 creative 73 crime 33 customer 5
G
garage 73 garden 75 giant 67 give up 13 glimpse 65 go out of business 7 graduate 75
D
decoration 57 deliver 37 demonstrate 27 dependable 37 desert 65 design 7, 53 destroy 63 detail 33 diner 3 disagree 27 disappear 33 discover 35 downside 17 drop out 73
H
harvest 45 healthy 75 hire 37 hunt 47 i identify 63 image 3 imagine 55 in particular 77 in public 17 independence 17 industry 15 instant 77 instead 57 international 15 inventor 73
B
bandit 33 beautiful 75 beaver 47 behave 17 blend 53 bone 63 booth 5 bravery 37 bubble 67 buried 63
c
capital 15 carve 43 cause 57 ceiling 55 celebrate 25 character 33 chimney 57 client 57 coast 43 collect 63 collection 55 college 75 combine 27 communicate 77 community 3 competition 27 concrete 57 connect 77 connected 3 contract 13
E
early 15 earthquake 53 efficient 7 emotion 3 empty 3 enemy 63 engineering 75 examine 67
K
keep on 13
L
land 15 last 25 layer 65 legend 33 limited 15 list 7 lit up 3 location 75 log 43 loneliness 3 lose 25 luck 45
F
famous 13 favorite 73 fill 55 film 15 fir 43 fireplace 55 fitness 23 fix 17 fossil 63 found 37
M make-up 13 m anufacturer 5 material 67 m editation 27 mental 27 million 23 m iner 35 model 25 m odern 7 m ud 65 mystery 33 N natural 53 necessary 23 nickname 15 o online 77 outdoors 67 overseas 75 own 17, 55 p pair 45 panic 25 perfect 15 personal com puter 73 physical 27 pit 67 poem 33 pony 37 popular 73 popularity 5 position 27 practice 27 program 25, 77 protect 45 public 75
record 43 region 47 remain 47 remove 67 repair 43 represent 47 require 27 research 23 respect 53 retire 53 roadside 45 rob 33 rum or 35 rush 35 ^ sail 35 salary 73 scar 13 search 35 second 77 secret 35 semester 73 sense 3 serious 23 serve 5 shore 65 sign 17 signpost 45 silent 13 silicon 75 similar 47 simple 5 site 63 skeleton 65 skilled 47 skip 23 sleek 7 soldier 25 solution 57 solve 57 source 65 species 63 specific 57 spirit 45 stagecoach 33 star 13 sticky 67
stool 5 store 73 straight 43 stranger 45 strength 37 strict 25 structural 57 structure 53 studio 13 substance 67 successful 37 surround 7 swamp 65 symbol 37
T
take apart 55 tar 67 tear down 7 telegraph 37 timing 53 tongue 47 totem 43 totem pole 43 tour 55 trendy 7 trip 35
v
value 23 verbal 53 village 43
w
wagon 5 warning 45 watch over 45 wear 17 website 77 whale 47
R
ranch 35 realist 3 realize 65 rebuild 53 receive 77 recognize 15
z
zoo 5
V o c a b u l a r y in d e x
Com m on
I n f in i t i v e be becom e begin blow break bring build buy catch choose com e cost cut do draw drive eat fall feel find fly forget freeze get give go grow hang have hear hold h u rt keep know lay leave
ir r e g u l a r
P a s t P a r t ic ip l e been becom e begun blow n broken b ro u g h t built bought caught chosen com e cost cut done draw n driven eaten fallen felt found flown forgotten frozen gotten given gone/been grow n hu n g h ad heard held h u rt kept know n laid left
Ver bs
I n f in i t i v e let light lose m ake m ean m eet pay put read ride ring ru n say see sell send set show sing sit sleep speak spend stand steal swim take teach tear tell think throw u n d e rsta n d w ear win w rite SIMPLE PAST let lit/lighted lost m ade m ea n t m et paid put read rode rang ran said saw sold sent set show ed sang sat slept spoke spent stood stole swam took tau g h t tore told th o u g h t threw u n d e rsto o d wore w on w rote PAST PARTICII let lit/lighted lost m ade m eant m et paid put read rid d en ru n g ru n said seen sold sent set show n sung sat slept spoken spent stood stolen sw um taken tau g h t to rn told th o u g h t throw n un d ersto c w orn w on w ritten
Sim p l e P a s t was/were becam e began blew broke b ro u g h t built bought caught chose cam e cost cut did drew drove ate fell felt found flew forgot froze got gave w ent grew hu n g h ad heard held h u rt kept knew laid left
Ti?Fr;TTT
at?
V F /R R S

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Contents

ESSENTIAL READING SKILLS UNIT 1

ESSENTIAL READING SKILLS ^

Georgia O Keefe, 1887-1986

Red Poppy 1971

L ook at p a g e 81 for th e ex p la n a tio n s.

Georgia O Keefe: The Art of Nature

C . Read the title. Answer these questions.

L ook at p a g e 81 for th e ex p la n a tio n s. C. Now answer this question.

Georgia O Keefe painted for 98 years, a. True b. False

L ook at p a g e 81 for th e ex p la n a tio n .

The Empire Diner in New York City

_____________ ____________ ______________

Answer these questions.

Edward Hopper, 1942, The Art Institute of Chicago

Discuss these questions.

Match the words with their definitions

A. 1. co m m u n ity __ 2. co n n ected __ 3. d in e r__ 4. e m o tio n __ 5. e m p ty __

im ag e__ lit u p __ loneliness__ realist__ sense __

Guess if this is true or false. Circle a or b.

Edward H opper painted only diners, a. T rue b. False

Scan the passage quickly to check your answer.

Edward Hopper: American Artist

Discuss these questions.

1. Describe the restaurant in the picture. 2. How do you think it looks?

Match the words with their definitions.

A. 1. b o o th __ 2. c o p y __ 3. counter _ 4. cu sto m er__ 5. m an u factu rer__

p o p u larity __ serve __ sim p le__ sto o l__ w ag o n __

Guess the answer. Circle a or b.

Scan the passage quickly to check your answer.

4. Why did A. They B. They C . They D. They

M ickeys Diner in St. Paul, Minnesota

Match the words with their definitions.

Guess if this is true or false. Circle a or b.

Some diners are im portant historical buildings,

Scan the passage quickly to check your answer.

Saving a Piece of America

4. W hen did diners start to go out of business?

From Chapter 1: Edward Hopper: American Artist

1. booths 2. business 3. fashionable 4. house 5. business 6. loneliness

pans architecture trendy wagon company happiness

stools design popular cart custom er design

chairs plans ugly train m anufacturer emotion

Fill in the blanks with words from each box.

Fill in the blanks with words from each box.

Read these questions. Discuss your answers with a partner.

Gone with the Wind, 1939

The Wizard of Oz, 1939

Answer these questions.

Carole Lombard and Clark Gable

Discuss these questions.

Match the words with their definitions.

A. 1. accid en t__ 2. c o n tra c t__ 3. fam o u s__ 4. give u p __ 5. keep o n __

m ak e-u p __ scar __ silen t__ star __ stu d io __

Carole Lom bard was m arried m ore than once, a. T rue

Scan the passage quickly to check your answer.

Carole Lombards Actress

4. How did Carole Lom bard die?

4; M aking a Bollywood movie

Discuss these questions.

Match the words with their definitions.

A. 1. c ap ital__ 2. early __ 3. film __ 4. in d u stry __ 5. in tern atio n al__

la n d __ lim ite d __ n ick n am e__ p e rfe ct__ recognize__

_ __

A. 1. co m m u n ity 2. co n n ected 3. d in e r 4. e m o tio n 5. e m p ty __

im ag e lit u p loneliness realist sense __

A. 1. b o o th 2. c o p y 3. counter _ 4. cu sto m er 5. m an u factu rer

p o p u larity serve sim p le sto o l w ag o n __

A. 1. accid en t 2. c o n tra c t 3. fam o u s 4. give u p 5. keep o n __

m ak e-u p scar silen t star stu d io __

A. 1. c ap ital 2. early 3. film 4. in d u stry 5. in tern atio n al__

la n d lim ite d n ick n am e p e rfe ct recognize__

b eh av e c o n tro l dow nside fix

2. in d ep en d ence 3. o w n 4. sig n 5. w e a r

A. 1. active 2. advice 3. a u th o r 4. fitn ess 5. m illio n

necessary research serio u s skip v a lu e__

A. 1. a rm y 2. celebrate 3. crash d ie t 4. last 5. lo se B. 1. m o d e l 2. p a n ic 3. p ro g ram 4. so ld ier 5. strict

A. 1. b a n d it 2. ch aracter 3. c rim e 4. d e ta il 5. d isap p ear__

leg e n d m ystery p o e m rob stagecoach__

A. 1. a n n o u n ce 2. discover 3. m in e r 4. ra n c h 5. ru m o r B. 1. r u s h 2. sa il 3. search 4. se cre t 5. trip

A. 1. bravery 2. deliver 3. d ep en d ab le 4. fo u n d 5. h ir e __

p o n y stre n g th successful sym bol teleg rap h __