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THE LIFTCURVE. By . Walter $. Diehl; of Aermatitios, U.S. ??.

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i ,, .

. . . .

. , .

Januarys 1922.

. -

NATIOiW.L

EFDECT 03 AEROFOIL ASPECT RATIOON THESLOPE Q THELIFTCL?VE. By

.-1

Walter S. Diehl.
.

Introduction One of themost iwpoztant characteristics of an aerofoil is dCL the rateof ohange of liftwithangleof attaak,~. Thisfao

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tordetermines theeffectiveness of EL tailplaiie in scouring s%tio longitudinal stability. The following application of the dCL withas@t tingen foruuls,s in calmdat ingtile variation of ~ peotratioshould therefare be of interest to aanyaeronautical en ineers. G dCL Variation@ ~ .ah ~s-oect Ratio. . . .
The relation between theangles of attack at whioha giver. liftcoefficient for two aerofoils of the sameseotion obtaZn8 but of different aspect ratiois expressed by the equation: 57.3 . . where s
, is ..,**

id

thearea, b the spanand CL theabsolute liftcoefficient defined by L = cLx*psv~. Thisfomula,due to

.
.

Dr. Pzandtl and Dr. Xmk of (&tingtm University, has beenchecked by testsandfoundreliable. A verification hy Dr.Prandtl ma~~ be

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derVersuchsanstalt zu G&ttingen: (1921, p.51 fcundin ~lErgebnisae

r t

et seq4 If thevalueof

w~, 3-C be

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section at a knownforan aerofoiZ

aspect ratiomaybe cal- given aspect ratio thevalue foranychlier in Fig.1, For theavfrom(1)by themethodillustrated oulated ~(-ff constant overan angui= arage aexofoil :: is substanti~ly dCL to be constant miththe rangeof, say20>or noreg Asming ~ to an inor%~e -~a~ue +j~~ defined, the angular 25Xk@ correspondi~g in theliftcoefficient fromzeroto anyvalue CL iS

at ?or Yne sameEecticn in othezaspect ratio> CL willobtain

by +wt ion(1) . theangle~=defined or -(cz -aa) . . . . % = ccl

.
0

(3)

Thevalueof ~

dCT,

correslmxiing %0 tkisaspect xatiois

by Fig.1.

() =2

6CL

% as sho~

Illustiation of. Method. . ~CL faraa aerofoil of to find ~ Assume thatit is desired dGL that ~ = *WZ aspe3* ratio2.5 whenfromtestdatait is kno~m take at aspect ratioG. For cor-venience, for thesexesection
then

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-3-

- 0.427

=az-

(al. - aa)

P- : ,

= 1.3909 i- C). 427

=

i. 817

..

Tor theconvenience of tkeengineer a set of curves calctilated by thismethod ~-e givenin Fig.1. Also,the observed valueof $$
q

o 1

fora few s*andard aerofoils are givenin Table1. It is cf . . dCL tnterest to notetlnat the observed values of ~ forthesame

aerofo:l at various aspect ratios follow the calculated ourves Forapplication, reference is madeto l?.A.C.A. Report a~osclly. i% , fS.tatical Longitudinal Stability of Airplanes,[l in whickthe dCL effect of da is treated.

. .

Aspect Aerofoil Sectiofi Aerofoil Section Adpect1q_ ratio dc .. .. USA - 15 6 I I s077 ?!J do 6 .074 n 16 6 M-6 .076 .068 [ 6
f!

27

USATS- 2 n 5 Durand - 13
.

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 6

.072

I .07G
.072 i ! .078
!

n
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5 6 7 8 9 6 13 2 3 4 5 6

,070
.075 .077 .079 . 08(2 .071 .078 .050 .060 .067 .072 .074

ff
11

Sloane
.

RAF- 14 n 15 16 19 Albatros G~ttingen 173

f!
If

RAF6a- (NI%)
11

I.070
q

074

G&ctingen 164
lf R

I .094

227 242 255 256 322

.076 ;.075 I .074 1,078 .072

ff

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#fl
fl

\.070 1.076
1.078 I

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