Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey.

"When Hemingway hated Paris: divorce proceedings, contemplations of suicide, and the deleted chapters of the sun also rises." Studies in the Novel 44.1 (2012): 49+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This critical essay explains how literary expatriation plays an essential part in Hemingways growth as a writer. The author tries to compile several factors that contributed to Hemingways depression, alcoholism, and thoughts of suicide after he had to move to Paris. It also analyzed how Hemingway progressed from loving Paris, to hating it at the end of his expatriation. The article Christmas on the Roof of the World" is used to proof Hemingway distress. Herlihy-Mera, also described an incident were all the manuscripts composed by Hemingway since childhood were stolen from a train in Paris, including what was going to be his first novel. This essay gives a good insight to understand how expatriation affected Hemingways life and literary work. Hicks, Granville. "Hemingway: The Complexities That Animated the Man." Saturday Review of Literature 52.16 (19 Apr. 1969): 31-33. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol. 119. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. In this review, Granville recognized how Carlos Baker's biography of Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story was the most important writing out seven other books

that were published about the famous writer. The work was supported and approved by Hemingways widow and literary executor. She allows the biographer to inspect any of Hemingways documents, including unpublished manuscripts and letters. Panda, Ken. "Under Kilimanjaro: the multicultural Hemingway." The Hemingway Review 25.2 (2006): 128+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. This article offer information about one of the latest Hemingway published book Under Kilimanjaro. Ken announces that readers are not aware that Hemingway did not write the book. He also states the book is an edition of a manuscript found in a safe deposit box left in Cuba. This article recognized Hemingway as a multicultural writer, who lived in four different countries and also traveled all over the world. This review offers important details about Hemingways latest work to the general audience. Strychacz, Thomas. "Unraveling the Masculine Ethos in 'The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.'." Hemingway's Theaters of Masculinity. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003. 14-52. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 137. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Literature Resource Center. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

This literature criticism article mainly explains how Hemingways story "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", does not represent his typical illustration of characters masculinity. This article also analyses how the ambiguity of the final act has contributed to the story status as an enduring classic postwar American literature. Strychacz discussed the plot, major characters and major theme of the story. The author also mentioned the critical reception of the story by scholars, critics and reviewers. This article summarizes "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber and explains how the writer used the contrast between two different types of masculinity through the characters of Francis and Wilson. "The Influence of Ernest Hemingway." Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 162. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005. 122-259. Literature Criticism Online. Gale. 15 September 2013. This work is a compilation of different critics essays about Hemingway literary work. Linda Wagner-Martin, the editor Ernest Hemingway: Seven Decades of Criticism, noted that over the past seventy years, as views of heroism have changed, so too have critics' views of Hemingway (123). Biographer Michael Reynolds noted that even when Hemingways short fiction is what changed American fiction, and particularly the way subsequent authors wrote dialogue, there are people who venerate Hemingway who have never read Hemingway

(122). This criticism work is a precise analysis of a variety of Hemingway critics reviews over the past seventy years.