Mysterious Oceans. Ocanos misteriosos.

Oceans and seas cover almost 71% of the Earth's surface. Los mares y ocanoscubren casi el71% de la superficie de la Tierra. We know a lot about the shallower parts of the oceans but scientists dont know as much about the deepest parts of the oceans. We probably know more about the Moon than we know about the deepest parts of the Earth. Sabemos mucho sobre las partes menos profundas delos ocanos, pero los cientficos no sabemostanto sobrelaspartes ms profundas delos ocanos.Probablemente sabemosms sobrela Lunade lo que sabemosacerca de las partesms profundas de laTierra. The deepest place on Earth. Ellugar ms profundode la Tierra. How deep are the oceans? The average depth is about 4 kilometres, but some places are much, much deeper than this. At the bottom of an ocean, there are mountains, valleys and big flat areas. In some places there are long, deep holes called trenches. The deepest trench is over 10 kilometres below the surface of the water.

Qu tan profundo es el ocano? La profundidad media es de unos 4 kilmetros, pero en algunos lugares son mucho, mucho ms profundo que esto. En el fondo de un ocano, hay montaas, valles y grandes reas planas. En algunos lugares hay hoyos largos y profundos llamados trincheras. La zanja ms profunda es ms de 10 kilmetros bajo la superficie del agua.
Exploring the Oceans. La exploracin de losocanos. The biggest problem for underwater explorers is water pressure. In very deep water, the water pushes very hard on everything. This is why scuba divers can only dive down to about 30 metres. El mayor problemapara los exploradoresbajo el agua esla presin del agua. Enaguas muy profundas, elagua empujamuy duro entodo.Estaes la razn porbuceadoresslo puedensumergirse hastaunos 30metros. Of course, submarines can go deeper than that, but most submarines cant explore the deepest parts of the ocean. More than half of the ocean is deeper than 1.6 kilometres and most submarines cant dive that deep because the water pressure is too strong. Por supuesto, los submarinos pueden irms all de eso, pero la mayora delos submarinosno puedenexplorar las partesms profundas del ocano. Ms de la mitaddel ocanoes ms profundode 1.6kilmetros, yla mayora de lossubmarinosnopueden sumergirsetan profundo, porque la presin del aguaes demasiado fuerte.

To explore very deep water, scientists use special submarines. In 1960, Swiss explorer and scientist Jacques Piccard and American Don Walsh dived in a special submarine into the Mariana Trench. They went deeper than anybody before. When they were about 9000 metres below the surface, there was a loud noise. One of the submarines windows cracked. No water came in and the two men didnt stop. They continued to dive until they were nearly 10,920 meters below the surface. They stayed there for twenty minutes. Para exploraraguas muy profundas, los cientficos utilizan submarinosespeciales. En1960, el explorador suizoJacquesPiccardy el cientficoy elestadounidense DonWalshhan buceadoen un submarinoespecial en laFosa de las Marianas. Fueronms profundo quenadie antes. Cuando estaban aunos 9000metros de profundidad, se produjo un fuerte ruido. Una delas ventanasdel submarinoagrietado. El agua nolleg ylos dos hombresno se detuvieron.Siguierona bucearhasta que estuvieroncasi10.920metros bajo lasuperficie.Permanecieron alldurante veinte minutos. Strange life. Vidaextraa. When a submarine goes deeper than 150 metres below the surface, it becomes difficult to see much in the dark water. There is not much light from the sun above. From here to 1000 metres below the surface, there are almost no plants, but some of the strangest sea creatures in the world live down here. Cuandoun submarinova ms all de150metrosdebajo de la superficie, se hace difcil de ver muchoen elagua oscura.No hay muchaluz delsol por encima. De aqu a1000metros bajo la superficie, casi no hayplantas, pero algunas de lasms extraascriaturas del mar enel mundo vivenaqu. The viperfish has long, sharp teeth. It usually waits in the water and then attacks smaller fish. Elpez vboratienedientes largos y afilados. Por lo general,espera enel agua y luegoatacalos peces ms pequeos. The hatchetfish is small, silver and thin.It is very hard for other fish to see. El pezhachaes pequeo, plata y fina. Es muydifcil paraotros pecespara ver. This huge sea creature is a giant squid. Some giant squids can be 13 metres long, but some people think they can grow even bigger than this.

Esta enorme criatura marina es un calamar gigante. Algunos calamares gigantes pueden ser de 13 metros de largo, pero algunas personas piensan que pueden crecer an ms grande que esto.

For a long time, nobody saw a living giant squid. People only saw the bodies of dead giant squids on beaches. But in 2004, Japanese scientists took photos of living giant squid in the water. Durante mucho tiempo, nadie vio aun calamar gigantevivo.La gente sloviolos cuerpos delos calamares gigantesmuertosen las playas.Pero en2004, los cientficos japoneses tomaron fotosde vivircalamar giganteen el agua. Down and up. Abajo yArriba. Not all creatures in this part of the ocean live there all the time, some are just visitors. A few mammals even dive into this deep water for food. Sperm whales can dive down 1000 metres. Elephant seals can dive to 1500 metres and stay there for almost two hours.

No todas las criaturas en esta parte del ocano viven all todo el tiempo, algunos son slo visitantes. Algunos mamferos incluso sumergirse en esta agua profunda para el alimento. Los cachalotes pueden sumergirse hasta 1.000 metros. Los elefantes marinos pueden sumergirse hasta 1.500 metros y permanecer all durante casi dos horas.
Sometimes, fish from this deep part of the ocean swim up to higher water to find food.The bristlemouth fish has big eyes and sharp teeth. Every night it swim a long way up towards the surface for food. A veces, lospeces de esaparte profundadel ocanonadarhasta elagua ms altade encontrarfood. Thebristlemouthpez tienelos ojos grandesy dientesafilados.Cada nochequenadarun largo caminohacia la superficiedelos alimentos. Life in the dark. La vida enla oscuridad. Under1000 metres below the surface, there is no light from the sun. The water is black and very cold. En1.000metros bajo la superficie, no hay luzdel sol.El aguaes de color negroy muy fro. But there are still fish. The swallower eel is one of the strangest. It gets its name because it can open its mouth very wide and swallow fish that are much bigger than the eel itself. Pero todava haypeces.La anguilaswalloweres unode los ms extraos. Recibe sunombre debido a quepuede abrir su bocamuy ancha ypezgolondrina queson mucho ms grandesque la propiaanguila. Like many fish in the dark water, this deep sea anglerfish makes its own light. Other fish see the light and swim towards it. When they are close enough, the anglerfish grobs them with its long, sharp teeth.

Al igual quemuchos peces en elagua oscura, esta profundarapemar hacesu propia luz. Otros pecesverla luz ynadarhacia ella.Cuando estnlo suficientemente cerca,elrapeagrobscon sus largosy afilados dientes. Other creatures use their own lights to escape. This atolla jellyfish lights its body brightly when something attacks it. Las otras criaturasutilizan suspropias lucespara escapar. Esta medusaatollailuminasucuerpobrillantecuando algoataca. The ocean floor. Elfondo del mar. Some sea creatures live at the very bottom of the ocean. Here the pressure of the water is hundreds of times stronger than at the surface. Algunas criaturasmarinas vivenenelfondo del ocano. Aqula presindel aguaescientos deveces ms fuerteque en la superficie. In some places, there is volcanic activity under the ocean floor. Hot water comes up through the ocean floor. There are more sea creatures these warmer places than on the rest of the ocean floor.

En algunos lugares, hay actividad volcnica bajo el fondo del ocano. El agua caliente sale por el fondo del ocano. Hay ms criaturas marinas estos lugares ms clidos que en el resto de los fondos ocenicos.
Exploration continues. La exploracin contina. Scientists use submarines to learn more about the deep ocean and the ocean floor. Sometimes, big companies use them to look for oil. Often, there is nobody inside the submarine. It is a robot submarine. Somebody controls it from a ship on the surface. The team can watch everything from the submarine on a T.V. Los cientficos utilizansubmarinospara aprenderms acerca delas profundidades del ocanoyel fondo del ocano. A veces, las grandes empresas las utilizan parabuscar petrleo. A menudo, no hay nadie en el interior delsubmarino.Se trata de unrobot submarino. Alguienlo controladesde un barcoen la superficie.El equipose puedeverde todo, desdeel submarinoen un televisor. In 1985, a team of scientists used one of these robot submarine to find the Titanic, 4000 metres down at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. They used the submarines camera and took lots of photos of the famous ship.

En1985, un equipo de cientficosutiliz unode estosrobots submarinospara encontrar elTitanic, 4.000metros de profundidaden elfondo del OcanoAtlntico.Ellos usaronla cmara delsubmarino ytomun montn defotos de lafamosanave. Two years later, a different team went back to the Titanic. This time, the scientists went down inside their submarine. They brought lots of things up from the Titanic to the surface. Dosaosms tarde,otro equiporegres alTitanic.Esta vez, los cientficos se redujodentro de susubmarino.Ellos trajeronun montn decosas delTitanica la superficie. Stories about the deep. Las historias sobrelas profundidades. For centuries, people have told stories about the sea. There were stories about terrible sea monsters in the deepest parts of the ocean. Sailors probably thought that gaint squids were sea monsters.

Durante siglos, la gente ha contado historias sobre el mar. Haba historias de terribles monstruos del mar en las partes ms profundas del ocano. Los marineros probablemente pensaron que los calamares gaint eran monstruos marinos.
Some sailors told stories about mermaids women with human bodies and fish tails. Algunos marineroscontaban historias sobrelas sirenasmujeresconcuerpos humanos ycolas de pescado. People still talk about the los city of Atlantis. Did this city sink to the bottom of the sea after a terrible volcano erupted? In some stories, the city of Atlantis survived under the sea. Perhaps, itwill be foundoneday. La gente todavahabla de laciudad,losde la Atlntida.Estaciudadse hunden hastael fondo delmar despus deun terriblevolcn entr en erupcin? En algunas historias, la ciudad de Atlantissobrevivibajo el mar.Tal vez, se puede encontrarun da.