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Introduction to Biology
Essential Question Why is it important to study biology?
Biology provides exciting breakthroughs changing our culture. Scientists are studying questions that are relevant to our lives.
Molecular biology is solving crimes and revealing ancestries. Genetics and cell biology are revolutionizing medicine and agriculture. Ecology helps us address environmental issues. Neuroscience and evolutionary biology are 2 reshaping psychology and sociology.
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Biology is the study of life and living organisms Offers a framework for posing questions about how living things work Directly applies to your health, life, and future Biologists work to solve problems such as improving our food supply, curing diseases, and preserving our environment
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Biologists explore life at levels ranging from the biosphere to the molecules that make up cells. Ecosystems Cells
Fig. 1-02-3
Populations
Organisms
Tissues
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Tissue: similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function.
Population: Group of individuals of the same kind (that is, the same species) that occupy the same area
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Ecosystems
Each organism interacts continuously with its environment. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system
Organisms interact continuously with the living and nonliving factors in the environment. The interactions between organisms and their environment take place within an ecosystem.
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Chapter 1
Characteristics of Life
a. Cell b. Cellular organization- Order c. Energy Utilization d. Response to Envoiremen e. Regulation f. Reproduction g. Growth and Development h. Evolution
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Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars
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The simplest cells are called prokaryotes prokaryotes DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Bacteria are examples
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copyright cmassengale
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More complex cells are called eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells DO have a nucleus and membranebound organelles Plants, animals,& fungi are examples
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copyright cmassengale
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Genes are the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring.
The language of DNA contains just four letters: A, G, C, T (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Tymine)
The four chemical building blocks of DNA
A DNA molecule
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Characteristics of Life
b. Order: All living things exhibit complex but
ordered organization
pine cone
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Characteristics of Life
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All organisms must take in materials and energy to grow, develop, and reproduce.
organism to extract energy from its surroundings and use that energy to maintain itself, grow, and reproduce Life comes out metabolic reactions
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ECOSYSTEM
Consumers (animals)
Cycling of nutrients
The dynamics of any ecosystem depend on two main processes: Cycling of nutrients Flow of energy
Characteristics of Life
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Characteristics of Life
e. Regulation: The envoirement outside the organism
may change drastically, but the organism can adjust its internal envoirement
Most organisms need to keep conditions inside their bodies as constant as possible, even when external conditions change dramatically. All living organisms expend energy to keep conditions inside their cells within certain limits. This process is called
homeostasis.
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In sexual reproduction, cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism.
Other organisms reproduce through asexual reproduction, in which a single organism produces offspring identical to itself.
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Characteristics of Life
g. Growth and development: Information carried by
genes controls the pattern of growth and development Every organism has a particular pattern of growth and development. During development, a single fertilized egg divides and divides again. As these cells divide, they differentiate, which means they begin to look different from one another and perform different functions.
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Arctic Fox
Red Fox
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White Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
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Diversity Life
Life in its Diverse Forms Diversity is the hallmark of life. The diversity of known life includes 1.8 million species. 290,000 plants 52,000 vertebrates (animals with backbones) 1,000,000 insects Estimates of the total diversity range from 10 million to over 100 million species.
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