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DESIGNERS HANDBOOK

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CONTENTS

WESTERN RED CEDAR

Western Red Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Features of Western Red Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Dimensional Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Acoustical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Flame Spread Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Fastening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Workability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Products, Grades, Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Section Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Base Design Values for Dimension Lumber. . . . . . . . . 4,8 Span Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Comparative Softwood Densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Size Differential-Unseasoned and Dry Lumber . . . . . . 5 Shrinkage of Western Red Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Western Red Cedar Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sizes of Rough Western Red Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sizes of Dressed Western Red Cedar Lumber . . . . . . . 7 Coverage of Western Red Cedar Siding . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Size Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Wet Use Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Flat Use Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Repetitive Member Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Duration of Load Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Horizontal Shear Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Compression Perpendicular to Grain Adjustment . . . 10 Base Design Values for Western Red Cedar Timbers. . 10 WRCLA Ofces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back Cover

Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) is one of North Americas great renewable resources. Slow growing and naturally durable, Western Red Cedar has one of the longest lifespans of any North American softwood. It produces long lengths of timber with true, straight grain. It is free from pitch and its heartwood has natural decay resistance. Its low density gives it an insultation value superior to most other species. Light weight, easy to work, easy to nish, possessing outstanding dimensional stability, Western Red Cedar is a preferred wood for nearly all purposes where attractive appearance or resistance to weather is important.

FEATURES OF WESTERN RED CEDAR

Acoustic properties: Density (oven-dry): Specic gravity (oven-dry): Durability: Fasteners:

Cedar tends to dampen sound transmission 21 lb/ft3 0.32 Durable species Corrosion-resistant only (aluminum, hot-dipped galvanized, brass, etc.) Paints, stains, varnishes, oils and waxes all work well 69 (Class II) 98 0.74 BTU in./ft2hF 1.35/in. of thickness Cedar is the most stable softwood species Easy to cut, saw, nail and glue

Finishing: Flame spread rating: Smoke developed classication: k value (12% mc): R value: Stability: Workability:

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

DENSITY One of the lightest commercial softwoods, the density of Western Red Cedar at oven-dry conditions is approximately 21 pounds per cubic foot with a relative density (specic gravity) of 0.32. Comparative oven-dry densities of cedar and some other softwood species are given in Table 1. Cedars low density enhances its insulation value and makes it an easy wood to transport and handle. DIMENSIONAL STABILITY Like all woods,Western Red Cedar is hygroscopic and will absorb or discharge moisture to attain equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere. However, it has a very low shrinkage factor and is superior to all other coniferous woods in its resistance to warping, twisting and checking. The size differential between dry and unseasoned Western Red Cedar is given in Table 2. Shrinkage in both the radial and tangential directions is given in Table 3. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Wood is an excellent thermal insulator. This is an important characteristic since good thermal insulators help keep buildings cool in the summer and reduce heating costs in winter. The conduction of heat in wood is directly related to its density.Woods with low density have the highest thermal insulating value because such woods contain a high proportion of cell cavities. In dry wood, these cavities are lled with air which is one of the best known thermal insulators. With its low density and high proportion of air spaces, Western Red Cedar is the best thermal insulator among the commonly available softwood species and is far superior to brick, concrete and steel. It has a coefcient of thermal conductivity (k value) at 12% mc of 0.74 BTU in./ft2hF.The R value (the reciprocal of k) for Western Red Cedar is 1.35/in. of thickness. ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES An important acoustical property of wood is its ability to damp vibrations.Wood has a cellular network of minute interlocking pores which converts sound energy into heat by frictional and viscoelastic resistance. Because of the high internal friction created by the cellular pore network, wood has more sound damping capacity than most structural materials. Floor, ceiling and wall assemblies of wood can provide effective economical sound insulation and absorption when properly utilized. Western Red Cedar is particularly effective in this regard and can be used to help reduce noise or to conne it to certain areas. FLAME SPREAD RATING Flame spread ratings describe the surface burning characteristics of interior nishes. They are used to regulate the use of interior nish materials to reduce the probability of rapid re spread. Materials are burned in a

test furnace for a relative assessment of ammability. The lower the ame spread rating,the more the material resists the spread of re. Building codes in North America generally dene as interior nish any exposed material that forms part of the building interior. This usually includes interior wall and ceiling nishes, ooring, windows, doors and other wood products. US codes set the maximum ame spread rating for interior wall and ceiling nishes in most buildings at 200. The ame spread rating for Western Red Cedar is 69 (Class II rating). Smoke developed classications reect the amount of smoke released by burning material. They are used in conjunction with ame spread ratings to regulate the use of interior nish materials where the potential to generate smoke or control smoke movement is of major re safety importance. US codes set the maximum smoke developed classication for interior wall and ceiling nishes in most buildings at 450. The smoke developed classication for Western Red Cedar is 98. Western Red Cedars ame spread rating and smoke developed classication compare well with the ratings of many other species both softwood and hardwood. Because of its favorable re performance, Western Red Cedar can be used for interior nish in some building applications where other species would not be permitted. DURABILITY Historically, native peoples of the Pacic coast prized cedar for its long lasting qualities and used wood and bark from cedar trees for most of their building needs.Evidence of cedars durability are the many cedar artifacts still in good condition today. Properly nished and maintained, cedar will deliver decades of trouble-free service. If exposed for prolonged periods to conditions where decay could be a factor, such as where the wood is in contact with the ground, cedar should be treated with suitable wood preservatives. FASTENING Western Red Cedar has good fastening properties but its natural preservatives have a corrosive effect on some unprotected metals in close contact, causing a black stain on the wood. Fasteners should be corrosion-resistant such as aluminum, hot-dipped galvanized or stainless steel. Nails and screws used to fasten Western Red Cedar should be about one-third longer than those used to fasten hardwood species. Because it is free of pitch and resin,Western Red Cedar has excellent gluing properties, comparable to those, for example, of old growth Redwood and American Chestnut. It works well with a wide range of adhesives.

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FINISHING Although cedar is a naturally durable species, leaving it untreated is not recommended because a nish or protective coating will greatly increase its service life. Cedar is free of pitch and with its high degree of dimensional stability, it is the best of the softwoods for accepting paints, stains, oils and other coatings. For a detailed discussion, see Finishing Western Red Cedar published by the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association. WORKABILITY With its straight grain and uniform texture,Western Red Cedar is among the easiest and most rewarding woods to work with. It takes a ne nish in all hand and machine operations, takes fasteners without splitting and is easily sawn and nailed.When working with Western Red Cedar, sharp cutters are recommended. PRODUCTS, GRADES AND SIZES There are few more versatile building materials than Western Red Cedar which is ideal both for indoor and outdoor uses. Western Red Cedar lumber is available in visual stress grades for construction and nishing uses in a range of lengths, widths and thicknesses. It is available in clear or knotty grades with smooth surfaced, combed or rough sawn nishes; kiln dried, air dried or unseasoned (green); at grain and vertical grain. Table 4 gives nominal widths, thicknesses and grades of some commonly available Western Red Cedar lumber products. Western Red Cedar is used to manufacture a range of specialty products such as siding, paneling, structural decking and outdoor decking. Detailed product information is available from the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association. Cedar produced by the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association includes specialty end use grades as well as products graded to National Lumber Grading Authority (NLGA) rules. NLGA grades are approved by the American Lumber Standards Board of Review and are accepted under all US building codes. SECTION PROPERTIES Section properties are used in various design calculations. For convenience, the following are formulas to calculate the section properties of rectangular beam cross sections. DEFINITIONS: Neutral Axis, in the cross section of a beam, is the line in which there is neither tension nor compression stress. Moment of Inertia (I) of the cross section of a beam is the sum of the products of each of its elementary areas multiplied by the square of their distance from the neutral axis of the section. Section Modules (S) is the moment of inertia divided by the distance from the neutral axis to the extreme ber of the section. Cross Section is a section taken through the member perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.

FORMULAS: The following symbols and formulas apply to rectangular beam cross sections:

X-X = Neutral axis for edgewise bending (load applied to narrow face) Y-Y = neutral axis for atwise bending (load applied to wide face) b = breadth of rectangular bending member (in.) d = depth of rectangular bending member (in.) A = bd = area of cross section (in.2) c = distance from neutral axis to extreme ber of cross section (in.) Ixx = bd3/12 = moment of inertia about the X-X axis (in.4) Iyy = db3/12 = moment of inertia about the Y-Y axis (in.4) rxx = Ixx/A = d/12 = radius of gyration about the X-X axis (in.) ryy = Iyy/A = b/12 = radius of gyration about the Y-Y axis (in.) sxx = Ixx/c = bd2/6 = section modulus about the X-X axis (in.3) syy = Iyy/c = bd2/6 = section modulus about the Y-Y axis (in.3) Sizes of rough and dressed Western Red Cedar are shown in Tables 5 and 6. BASE DESIGN VALUES (UNITED STATES ONLY) Since different sizes of visually-graded lumber have different values, the design values shown in Table 8 are tabulated in a base value approach. Base values are provided for a base size that depends on the grade. For Select Structural, No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 grades, the base strength values are published on a 2x12 basis. For Construction, Standard and Utility grades, the base strength values are published on a 2x4 basis (the size factor is always 1.0). For Stud grade, the base strength values are published on a 2x6 basis. These values are for use in the United States only. To determine the value for a given size, the designer selects a base value for a given grade then multiplies the base value by a size factor from Table 9. The base design values apply to Western Red Cedar manufactured by members of the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association and graded to National Lumber Grading Authority Rules (NLGA). Grades and sizes of Canadian dimension lumber are identical to those in use throughout the United States and conform to the requirements of applicable American Standards. Tabulated values are from The U.S. Span Book for Canadian Lumber published by the Canadian Wood Council (1-800-463-5091). SPAN TABLES Spans for Western Red Cedar dimension lumber used as joists and rafters in residential and commercial structures are available from the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association, the Canadian Wood Council and the National Association of Home Builders. Please request publication The U.S. Span Book for Canadian Lumber. Cost $10.

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TABLE 1. COMPARATIVE SOFTWOOD DENSITIES (pcf)

Species Oven-Dry Density

TABLE 2. SIZE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN UNSEASONED AND DRY LUMBER

Nominal Dimension (in.) Size Differential Between Unseasoned and Dry Lumber After Surfacing (in.)

Western Red Cedar Douglas Fir Ponderosa Pine Southern Pine

21 31 27 34

1-1/2 or less 2 to 4 5 to 7 8 or more

1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4

TABLE 3. SHRINKAGE OF WESTERN RED CEDAR

Shrinkage in Percentage Direction of Shrinkage From green (25% or greater moisture content) to: From kiln dried (15% average moisture content) to:

15% Radial Tangential 0.96 2.0

12% 1.2 2.6

6% 1.8 3.8

15% 0 0

12% 0.3 0.7

6% 1.0 2.1

Notes: 1. Radial shrinkage applies to the width of vertical grain lumber; tangential to the width of at grain lumber. 2. Shrinkage does not begin until the ber saturation point is reached. 3. 15% is the average equilibrium moisture content of wood during the summer in the Pacic Northwest. 4. 12% is the average equilibrium moisture content in most areas of the U.S. 5. 6% is the average equilibrium moisture content for interiors of heated buildings.

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TABLE 4. WESTERN RED CEDAR PRODUCTS

Product Bevel Siding Clear Thickness in. (nominal) 1/2, 3/4 Width in. (nominal) 4, 6, 8, 10 Grade Clear V.G. Heart A Rustic B C Proprietary Select Knotty Quality Knotty Proprietary Select Knotty Quality Knotty Select Knotty Quality Knotty Clear Heart A B Select Knotty Quality Knotty Standard and Better Proprietary Clear Heart A B Select Knotty Quality Knotty Standard and Better Select Knotty Quality Knotty Rustic Select Commercial Architect Clear Custom Clear Contractor Clear Architect Knotty Custom Knotty Contractor Knotty Clear Heart A B Select Knotty Quality Knotty Appearance Standard and Better Appearance No. 2 and Better Appearance Standard and Better *No. 2 and Better 201a 201b 201d 201c 201e N/A 205a 205b N/A 205a 205b 205a 205b 200a 200b 200c 204a 204b 114a, b, c N/A 200a 200b 200c 204a 204b 114a, b, c 210a 210b N/A 127b 127c NLGA Grading Rule Paragraph WWPA WCLIB 21.11 106-aa 21.12 106-a N/A N/A 21.13 106-b 21.14 106-c N/A N/A 30.22 111-e 30.23 111-f N/A N/A 30.22 111-e 30.23 111-f 30.22 111-e 30.23 111-f 20.11 102-b 20.12 102-c 20.13 102-d 30.22 111-e 30.33 111-f N/A N/A 20.11 20.12 20.13 N/A N/A 30.50 (118a, b, c) N/A N/A N/A 55.11 55.12 118-a, b, c N/A 102-b 102-c 102-d 111-e 111-f 118-a, b, c 117-a 117-b 117-c 127-b 127-c

Knotty

5/8, 11/16, 3/4, 7/8 3/4, 5/4 7/8 1

6, 8, 10, 12

KnottyRabbetted Knotty-Wavy Edged Pattern Siding Clear Knotty

6, 8, 10 10, 12 4, 6, 8

4, 6, 8

Clear Finish

1/2, 1, 5/4, 2

2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 10, 12

Boards

Fence Boards

6, 8, 10

Roof Decking

2, 3, 4

6, 8 4, 6

Outdoor Decking 5/4, 2 Clear Knotty 5/4, 2

4, 6

} }

N/A

N/A

} }

N/A

N/A

} }

N/A

N/A

Paneling Clear Knotty Garden Lumber

1/2, 1

4, 6, 8

1/2, 1 2, 3, 4 2, 3, 4

4, 6, 8 2, 3, 4 6, 8, 10, 12 5, 6, 8, 10 12 and wider 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 *Width more than 2 greater than thickness

200a 200b 200c 204a 204b N/A 122b, c N/A 123a, b, c N/A 131a, b, c 130a, b, cc

20.11 20.12 20.13 N/A N/A N/A 40.11, 12 N/A 62.10, 11, 12 N/A 80.10, 11, 12 70.10, 11, 12

102-b 102-c 102-d 111-e 111-f N/A 122-b, c N/A 123-a, b, c N/A 131-a, b, c 130-a, b, cc

Timbers

5, 6, 8, 10, 12

Structural Timbers

5, 6, 8, 10, 12

Notes: 1. Siding is available kiln-dried or air-dried with smooth or saw-textured surface. Factory primed siding is also available. 2. Paneling is available kiln-dried with smooth or saw-texture surface. 3. Grade descriptions are given in NLGA, WWPA and WCLIB grading rules. Grade descriptions of proprietary products are available from the manufacturer.

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TABLE 5. SIZES OF ROUGH WESTERN RED CEDAR Thicknesss (in.) 1 1-3/4 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14

Width (in.)

10

12

14

TABLE 6. SIZES OF DRESSED WESTERN RED CEDAR LUMBER

Thickness (in.) Actual Item Nominal Dry Green Nominal Dry Width (in.) Actual Green

1 1-1/4 Boards

11/16 1

3/4 1-1/32

2 Garden Lumber 3 4

1-1/2 2-1/2 3-1/2

1-9/16 2-9/16 3-9/16

Timbers*

5 6 8

4-1/2 5-1/2 7-1/2

2 3 4 6 8 10 12 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 5 6 8

1-1/2 2-1/2 3-1/2 5-1/2 7-1/4 9-1/4 11-1/4 1-1/2 2-1/2 3-1/2 5-1/2 7-1/4 9-1/4 11-1/4

1-9/16 2-9/16 3-9/16 5-9/16 7-3/8 9-3/8 11-3/8 1-9/16 2-9/16 3-9/16 5-9/16 7-3/8 9-3/8 11-3/8 4-1/2 5-1/2 7-1/2

*Surfaced timbers 10 and larger available only on special order. Conrm before specifying.

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TABLE 7. COVERAGE OF WESTERN RED CEDAR SIDING To obtain the coverage of a specied width of siding from Table 7, perform the following calculations: 1. Calculate total wall area (length x height). 2. Subtract square footage of openings (windows, doors) to determine wall area for siding. 3. Add 10% for trim. 4. Multiply gure by the appropriate factor from the table for linear or board feet. Example: 1. Length x height 2. Door Window Area for siding = 160 square feet = 20 square feet = 20 square feet = 120 square feet 3. Add 10% for trim = 120 + 12 = 132 square feet 4. Assuming 6 in. siding 132 x 2.67 = 357.4 linear feet 132 x 1.33 = 175.6 board feet

Siding Type

Nominal Width (in.)

Dressed Width (in.)

Exposed Face Width (in.)

Linear Feet Factor

Board Feet Factor

Bevel Siding1

Tongue and Groove Siding Channel Siding Board-andBatten Siding

4 6 8 10 12 4 6 8 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 12

3-1/2 5-1/2 7-1/2 9-1/2 11-1/2 3-3/8 5-3/8 7-1/8 5-1/2 7-3/8 9-3/8 1-9/16 3-9/16 5-9/16 7-3/8 9-3/8 11-3/8

2-1/2 4-1/2 6-1/2 8-1/2 10-1/2 3 5 6-3/4 4-3/4 6-5/8 8-5/8

4.80 2.67 1.85 1.41 1.14 4.00 2.40 1.77 2.53 1.81 1.39

1.60 1.33 1.23 1.18 1.14 1.33 1.20 1.19 1.27 1.21 1.16

varies with width of board

see footnote 2

Notes: 1. Assuming minimum 1 in. overlaps. Larger overlaps can be used, particularly on wider sidings such as 10 in. and 12 in. pieces. See WRCLA publication Installing Cedar Siding for more information. 2. Linear Feet Factor = Exposed Face Width/12. Board Feet Factor = Nominal Width/Exposed Face Width.

TABLE 8. BASE DESIGN VALUES FOR USE IN THE U.S.A. FOR WESTERN RED CEDAR 2-4 IN. THICK X 2 IN. AND WIDER Base values in pounds per square inch (psi) Use with Adjustment Factors (see Tables 9 to 13)
Compression Extreme Fiber Stress in bending Fb Tension Parallel Parallel to Grain Ft Horizontal Shear Fv Perpendicular to Grain Fc Parallel to Grain Fc Modulus of Elasticity (million psi) E

Grade

Select Structural No. 1/No. 2 No. 3 Construction Standard Utility Stud

950 575 350 675 375 175 450

450 275 150 300 175 75 200

65 65 65 65 65 65 65

350 350 350 350 350 350 350

1,100 825 475 1,050 850 550 525

1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0

Notes: 1. No. 1/No. 2 applies to either No. 1 or No. 2 grades. 2. Values for Utility grade apply only to 2 x4 lumber. 3. For studs wider than 6 bearing the Stud grademark, use the property values and size factors for No. 3 grade.

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TABLE 9. SIZE FACTORS (CF) FOR TABULATED DESIGN VALUES

Nominal Width (depth) (in.) Fb less than 4 in. thick Fb 4 in. thick nominal Other Properties

Grades

Ft

Fc

Select Structural No. 1 No. 2 & No. 3

4 & less 5 6 8 10 12 14 & wider 4 & less 4 4 & less 5&6

1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

1.15 1.1 1.1 1.05 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.05 1.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Construction & Standard Utility Stud* MSR and plank Decking All grades & sizes

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

*Factors are for Stud grade widths 6 and less. For studs wider than 6 , use the design values and size factors for No. 3 grade.

TABLE 10. WET USE FACTORS (CM) FOR TABULATED DESIGN VALUES The recommended design values are for applications where the moisture content of the wood does not exceed 19%. For use conditions where the moisture content of dimension lumber will exceed 19%, the Wet Use Adjustment Factors below are recommended.
Property Adjustment Factor

TABLE 11. FLAT USE FACTORS (Cfu) Apply to Tabulated Design Values for Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending Where Lumber is used Flatwise Rather than on Edge.
Nominal Width (in.) Nominal Thickness (in.)

Fb Ft Fc Fv Fc E

Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending Tension Parallel to Grain Compression Parallel to Grain Horizontal Shear Compression Perpendicular to Grain Modulus of Elasticity

0.85* 1.0 0.8** 0.97 0.67 0.9

Less than 4 4 5 6 8 10 & wider

Less than 4 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.15 1.20

4 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.10

* Bending Wet Use Factor = 1.0 where Fb x CF (Base Value x Size Factor) does not exceed 1,150 psi. ** Compression Parallel Wet Use Factor = 1.0 where Fc x CF

Note: These factors apply to all dimension lumber except tongueand-groove decking grades. For T&G decking, the following adjustments may be used: Nominal Thickness Flat use factor 2 1.10 3 1.04 4 1.00

(Base Value x Size Factor does not exceed 750 psi.

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TABLE 12. REPETITIVE MEMBER FACTOR (Cr) Applies to Tabulated Design Values for Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending when members are used as joists, truss chords, rafters, studs, planks, decking or similar members which are in contact or spaced not more than 24 on centers, are not less than 3 in number and are joined by oor, roof or other load distributing elements adequate to support the design load. 1.15 TABLE 14. HORIZONTAL SHEAR ADJUSTMENT FOR TABULATED DESIGN VALUES (CH) All horizontal shear base values are established as if a piece were split full length and as such the values are reduced from those permitted to be assigned in accordance with ASTM standards. This reduction is made to compensate for any degree of shake, check or split that might develop in a piece.
2 in. Thick (Nom.) Lumber For convenience, the table below may be used to determine horizontal shear values for any grade of 2 thick lumber in any species when the length of split or check is known: 3 in. and Thicker (Nom.) Lumber Horizontal shear values for 3 and thicker lumber also are established as if a piece were split full length. When specic lengths of splits are known and any increase in them is not anticipated, the following adjustments may be applied: When length of Multiply split on wide tabulated face does not Fv value exceed: by: No split 2.00 1/2 x narrow face 1.67 1 x narrow face 1.33 1-1/2 x narrow face or more 1.00

TABLE 13. DURATION OF LOAD ADJUSTMENT (CD) FOR TABULATED DESIGN VALUES
Load Duration Factor

Permanent Ten Years (Normal Load) Two Months (Snow Load) Seven Days Ten Minutes (Wind, Earthquake) Impact

0.9 1.0 1.15 1.25 1.6 2.0

Conrm load requirements with local codes. Refer to Model Building Codes or the National Design Specication for hightemperature or re-retardant treated adjustment factors.

TABLE 15. ADJUSTMENTS FOR COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN TO DEFORMATION BASIS OF 0.02 Design values for compression perpendicular to grain are established in accordance with the procedures set forth in ASTM D 2555 and D 245. ASTM procedures consider deformation under bearing loads as a serviceability limit state comparable to bending deection because bearing loads rarely cause structural failures. Therefore, ASTM procedures for determining compression perpendicular to grain values are based on a deformation of 0.04 and are considered adequate for most classes of structures.Where more stringent measures need be taken in design, the following formula permits the designer to adjust design values to a more conservative deformation basis of 0.02. Y02 = 0.73Y04 + 5.60

When length of split on wide face does not exceed: No split 1/2 x wide face 3/4 x wide face 1 x wide face 1-1/2 x wide face or more

Multiply tabulated Fv value by: 2.00 1.67 1.50 1.33 1.00

TABLE 16. DESIGN VALUES FOR USE IN THE U.S.A. FOR VISUALLY GRADED (NLGA) WESTERN RED CEDAR TIMBERS (5 X 5 AND LARGER)
Design values in pounds per square inch (psi) Size Classication Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending Fb Tension Parallel to Grain F1 Shear Parallel to Grain Fv Compression Perpendicular to Grain Fc Compression Parallel to Grain Fc Modulus of Elasticity E

Grade

Select Structural No. 1 No. 2 Select Structural No. 1 No. 2

Beams and Stringers

1,150 925 625 1,050 875 500

675 475 300 700 575 350

65 65 65 65 65 65

425 425 425 425 425 425

850 700 450 900 800 550

1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

Posts and Timber

Notes: 1. Allowable Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending applies only when Beams and Stringers are loaded on narrow face. 2. Where applicable see Tables 9 through 13 for conditions of use and adjustment factors.

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WRCLA MEMBERS
Cascadia Forest Products Cedar Valley Inc. City Lumber Sales & Services Ltd. Columbia Cedar, Inc. Downie Timber / Selkirk Specialty Fraserview Cedar Products Ltd. Gilbert Smith Forest Products Ltd. Haida Forest Products Ltd. Interfor Lazy S Lumber Inc. North Enderby Timber Ltd. Northwest Forest Products Pacic Lumber Remanufacturing Inc. Pope & Talbot, Inc. Premier Forest Products, Inc. Quadra Wood Products Sawarne Lumber Company Ltd. Shakertown Skana Forest Products Ltd. Teal Cedar Products TRI-PRO Cedar Products Twin Rivers Cedar Products Ltd. Tyee Timber Products Ltd. Welco Lumber Company LLC Westshore Specialties Ltd.

he Western Red Cedar Lumber Association is an organization of Western Red Cedar producers, distributors and retailers throughout North America. Founded in 1954, the association is known worldwide as the voice of the cedar industry. Its members account for more than 65 percent of the worlds production of cedar with an annual production volume of nearly 1 billion board feet.

The mission of the WRCLA is to ensure the production of quality Western Red Cedar products and support them with a comprehensive marketing program, technical services, education and training.

For technical information visit our websites:

www.wrcla.org www.realcedar.org

The WRCLA works closely with architects, designers and builders to ensure the right product is specied and utilized for each project. The Associations Real Cedar branding program promotes Western Red Cedar as the premier building material for naturally durable siding, decking and outdoor landscape features that will enhance the curb appeal of any home.

For more information about Western Red Cedar please ask the experts at: Western Ofce: PMB #1705, 914 - 164th Street SE #B-12, Mill Creek,WA 98012-6339 Tel: (425) 316-8845 Fax: (425) 316-3979 Toll free: 1- 877-316-8845 E-mail: mackie@wrcla.org Eastern Ofce: P.O. Box 952, Riverhead, NY 11901-0702 Tel: (631) 643-9725 Fax: (631) 643-7252 Toll free: 1- 800-266-1910 E-mail: burke@wrcla.org Administration Ofce: 1501 - 700 West Pender Street, Pender Place 1, Business Building, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 1G8 Tel: (604) 684-0266 Fax: (604) 687-4930 Toll free: 1- 866 -778-9096 E-mail: info@wrcla.org
92-472 Copyright 1993 Revised August 2004
The Western Red Cedar Lumber Association (WRCLA) does not warrant the accuracy of the information herein. The WRCLA, its directors, ofcers, employees, servants and agents shall not be responsible or liable for any cause of action, loss, damage, injury or death in any way connected with the information herein even though such cause of action, loss, damage, injury or death arises from the negligence or default of the WRCLA, its directors, ofcers, employees, servants or agents.

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