Effectiveness of the PowerPoint Presentation In Teaching the Concepts of People to Grade One SPED Gifted /Talented: An Action Research

I. SITUATION Science plays a significant role in the different avenues of mans life. It is a process by which man seeks to order nature and thus learn from it. It helps man develops the ability to communicate scientific ideas and acquire skills in solving problems related to human life experiences. It is being taught in the school as an interesting subject but pupils find it a very difficult subject which fears them in terms of understanding scientific concepts. As a pilot of the SSES (Special Science Elementary Schools), theres a need to look into possible ways and means on how the Grade One SPED Gifted and Talented pupils of Diffun Central School can acquire the skill and knowledge that will enhance their performance in Science. II. THE PROBLEM This study aimed to enhance the performance of the Grade One SPED Gifted and Talented pupils of Diffun Central School on the concepts of People. Furthermore, the research will test the effectiveness of using PowerPoint Presentation in enhancing pupils performance. More specifically, this study attempted to provide answers to the following problems: 1. What is the degree of learning achieved by the control and experimental group on the concepts of People? 2. Is there a significance difference in the post test men scores of the control and experimental groups on the topics about People? Hypothesis There is no significant difference in the post test mean scores of the control and experimental groups in the topics about People. Possible Causes/ Assumptions a. Low mastery learning on the concepts of People because of lack of meaningful strategies to teach the topics. b. Low retention rate as an offshoot of the lack of variety of meaningful experiences for all learners such as making use of PowerPoint presentation to improve understanding on the basic scientific concepts.
1

c. Lack of technology-based instructional materials that can support learning experiences and activities for effective learning.

III. GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION This study attempted to use PowerPoint Presentation to enhance the performance of Grade One SPED Gifted and Talented of Diffun Central School on the concepts of People. To achieve the goals of education, it is important that learners are engaged in learning experiences which will help develop their understanding of important concepts. This implies the introduction of more meaningful and effective teaching-learning strategies in the classroom such as using technology. As pointed out by Gregorio (1960), teachers are expected to be creative and intelligent enough to look for and make instructional materials to meet the needs of the learners. If pupils are to learn to the best of their abilities, they must be taught in the way they learn best. PowerPoint Presentation when used in the classroom discussions can provide variety of opportunities for pupils to learn concepts and master certain skills. According to the Multi Sensory Learning of Rose (1995), it will be better if all the ways and means be used in the teaching-learning process. Most of people are expected to learn one of these ways: 40% kinesthetic, 35% visual and 25% auditory. Learning through PowerPoint Presentation is far more exciting than traditional lecture and practice modes. It reaches learners through variety of senses keeping them alert and interested in classroom activities. It is along this premise that the study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of using PowerPoint Presentation as a means to enhance pupils performance on concepts about People.

IV. PLAN OF ACTION A. Objectives a. To use PowerPoint Presentation in teaching concepts about People among Grade One Pupils. b. To enhance pupils performance on the concepts of People via PowerPoint Presentation.

c. To test the effectiveness of using PowerPoint Presentation in enhancing pupils performance on the concepts of People.
2

B. Time Frame This study was conducted for the months of June to August, 2012 during the academic school year 2012-2013. C. Target Subjects The target pupils for the study were the Grade One SPED Gifted and Talented pupils of Diffun Central School.

D. Activities to be Undertaken

Target Pupils Grade One Pupils

Teacher Activities Involved Elisa S. 1.Constructed test questions Marcelino

Expected results Well-prepared test questions with table of specifications

2.Administered pretest 3.Checked results of the pretest 4. Interpreted pretest results Pretest scores Identification of the pupils entry skills on the lessons

5.Employed the necessary interventions. A. Used of PowerPoint Presentation in teaching concepts about People among the Grade One Pupils using the following procedures: a. Gathered images from the internet and make PowerPoint presentation about the concepts of People. b. Presented/ Discussed the lessons through
3

PowerPoint. c. Gave guide questions that should be answered during /after the presentation. d. Gave the pupils an ample time in viewing presentations about the concepts of People. 6. Evaluated the degree of learning achieved by the control and experimental groups by administering the Post test. 7. Determined the effectiveness of using PowerPoint Presentation Post Test Scores

Enhance pupils performance

E. Evaluation Criteria The result of the research was reported after the 75% of the pupils or more have improved performance on the concepts of People. Otherwise the design shall be revised by exploring other strategies. F. Research Design This study used the pretest-posttest experimental design to test the effectiveness of using PowerPoint Presentation in teaching Science particularly on the concepts of People. Two groups were used in the study, the control group and the experimental group which were both pretested. The topics about People was taught to the control group using the traditional method while the PowerPoint Presentation was used for the experimental group. A post test covering all the topics on People was administered to each group, the result of which were statistically treated using the t-test to determine the effectiveness of using PowerPoint Presentation. The activities that were undertaken in the study, the data gathered and the statistical treatment of these data are shown in the next page. Activities Data Collected
4

Data Analysis

Use of PowerPoint Presentation in teaching concept of People among Grade One Pupils using the following procedures: 1. Constructed test questions 2. Administered the pretest 3. Checked the results of the pretest Learning Competencies on the concepts of People and Animals

4. Interpreted the pretest results 5. Employed the necessary interventions. B. Used of PowerPoint Presentation in teaching concepts about People and Animals among the Grade One Pupils using the following procedures: a. Gathered images from the internet and made PowerPoint presentation about the concepts of People. b. Presented/ Discussed the lessons through PowerPoint. c. Gave guide questions that should be answered during /after the presentation. d. Gave the pupils an ample time in viewing presentations about the concepts of People. 6. Evaluated the degree of learning achieved by the control and experimental groups by administering the Post test. 7. Determined the effectiveness of using PowerPoint Presentation

Pretest results

Mean and Standard Deviation

Post test results Mean and Standard Deviation Pretest and t-test post test results

G. Research Paradigm

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Use of PowerPoint Presentation

Improved Pupils Performance

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm The use of PowerPoint Presentation in teaching is an effective way to improve learners knowledge about a particular topic. When pupils are engage in an interactive learning through the use of educational television, they have greater chances to perform better and obtained better academic achievements.

V. PRESENTATION OF DATA The following tables present the results of the investigation: Table 1 Comparison between the Means and Standard Deviations of Control and Experimental Groups on the Concept of People Group Control Experimental Mean 19.37 10.97 Pre Test SD 5.25 4 Mean 22.9 28.6 Post Test SD 5.87 4.02 Mean Gain 3.03 17.63

Table 1 represents the comparison between the means and standard deviations of the control and experimental groups in the pre-post tests on the concepts of People. On the basis of the mean scores in the pre test, the control group obtained a mean of 19.37 and the experimental group got a mean of 10.97. The mean score the control was higher before the experimental treatment/ intervention was conducted. Looking into the post test result, the control group registered a mean of 22.9 while the experimental group has a mean of 28.6. This mean results from the two groups show that the experimental group performed better than the control group on the concepts of People. With regards to standard deviation which is the deviation of every score from the mean, the control group had scores in the pre test deviated from the mean established by 5.25 while in
6

their post test, they deviated from the mean by 5.87. On the other hand, the experimental group deviated by 4 from the mean while in their post test, they registered the standard deviation by 4.02. Based from the results of the standard deviation, the experimental group performed better than the control group because it was able to maintain a closer deviation from the mean from 4 to 4.02 while the control group started with 5.25 and deviated farther from the mean score in the post test by 5.87. Moreover, the degree of learning achieved by the control group was established by its mean gain of 3.03 and the experimental group has a degree of learning by its mean gain of 17.63. The difference in the degrees of learning established by the two groups is 14.6. This implies that the experimental group performed better than the control group on the concepts of People.

Table 2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pupils Scores in Summative Test 1

Scores 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N Total Mean I.M.

Control Group %

1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1

8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 16.67% 8.33% 25% 8.33% 8.33% 8.33%

Experimental Group F % 4 33.33% 1 8.33% 3 25% 1 8.33% 1 2 8.33% 16.67%

12 107 8.92 59.47%

100%

12 153 12.75 85%

100%

Table 2 shows that a 15 item test was given to both control and experimental group as their Summative Test Number 1. The experimental group was treated while the control group was not given any treatment on the effectiveness of PowerPoint presentation. 2 out of 12 pupils in the control group met the 75% proficiency level. They obtained a mean score of 8.92 and 59.47% index of mastery. 9 or 75% out of 12 pupils in the experimental group attained the 75% proficiency level. The highest score was 15 and 4 or 33% obtained it. The total mean score was 12.75 with an index of mastery of 85%. This indicates that the retention rate 75% that was set for this purpose was realized. It simply means that using Power point presentation in the teaching learning process is effective. Effective in the sense that, it improves the study habit of the experimental group and it enhance pupils retention.

Table 3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pupils Scores in Summative Test 2

Scores 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N Total Mean I.M.

Control Group %

1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2

8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 16.67% 8.33% 25% 8.33% 16.67%

Experimental Group F % 3 25% 2 16.67% 3 25% 1 8.33% 2 16.67% 1 8.33%

12 108 9 60%

100%

12 156 13 86.67%

100%

The data shows that a 15 item test was given to 24 pupils. The control group got a mean score of 9 and 60% as the index of mastery. Experimental group on the other hand, earned a mean score of 13 and 16.67% as the index of mastery. It further shows that 8 pupils or 66.67% out of 12 in the experimental group scored above 75% level of mastery. Only 2 or 16.67% out of 12 pupils attained 75% level of mastery in the control group. It is therefore advisable to use the PowerPoint presentation in teaching the concepts of people in Grade 1 SPED Gifted and Talented .

Table 4 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pupils Scores in Summative Test 3

Scores 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N Total Mean I.M.

Control Group F % 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 16.67% 8.33% 16.67% 8.33% 8.33% 8.33%

Experimental Group F % 4 33.33% 3 25% 3 25% 1 8.33% 1 8.33%

12 113 9.41 62.78%

100%

12 164 13.67 91.11%

100%

The data presents that 3 or 25% of the control group got a score from 12-15 which was 75% level of proficiency while 11 or 92% of the pupils in the experimental group passed the 75% proficiency level. The total mean score of the control group is 9.41 with an IM of 62.78% while 13.67 or 91.11% for the experimental. The result implies that the strategy is effective.

Table 5 Summary Table for the T-Test Analysis of the Pupils Post Test Scores

Groups Control Group Experimental Group

X 22.9 28.6

SD 5.87

CV

Decision

3.55 4.02

2.13

Reject Ho

The data in table 5 shows the post test mean scores of the control and experimental groups, the standard deviations of their scores, the computed t-value, the tabular value at 0.05 level of significance. The data reveal that the computed t-value which is 3.55 is greater than the critical value which is 2.13 at 0.05 level of significance which means that the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, a significant difference exists between the post test scores of the control and experimental groups. On the basis of the mean scores and standard deviations, the performance of the experimental group is better than that of the control group, which implies therefore that the use of Power Point is effective in enhancing the academic performance of pupils especially on the concepts of People.

Vl. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FINDINGS Based from the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered, the following findings were drawn: 1. The degree of learning achieved by the control group was established by its mean gain of 3.03 and the experimental group has a degree of learning achieved by its mean gain of 17.63. The difference in the degrees established by the two groups on the concept of People is 14.6 which implies that the experimental group performed better than the control group on the concepts of People. 2. The computed t-value which is 3.55 is greater than the critical value which is 2.13 at 0.05 level of significance, so the null hypothesis is rejected which implies that the use of Power Point Presentation approach is effective in enhancing the academic performance of pupils especially on the concepts of People.

10

CONCLUSIONS Based from the findings of the study, the following conclusions were derived: 1. The use of Power Point Presentation approach enhances the academic performance of pupils on the concepts of People. 2. Meaningful presentation of Science concepts through the use of Power Point Presentation approach makes teaching-learning more meaningful to the pupils. 3. The use of Power Point Presentation approach is an effective teaching-learning strategy in teaching in teaching Science concepts. RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of the findings and conclusions generated, the researcher recommends the following: 1. Teachers should utilize technology-based instructional materials like the power point presentation to enhance the academic performance of pupils. 2. Teachers should engage their pupils in more meaningful and interesting activities in the classroom to improve learning outcomes. 3. The Power Point Presentation approach should be used by teachers on other topics in Science. 4. Parallel studies should be conducted to further test the effectiveness of Power Point Presentation approach in teaching other Science concepts.

11

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Published Materials Gardner, Howard C. Theory of Multiple Intelligences, 2002. Ornstein, Allan C. Emerging Curriculum Trends: An Agenda for the Future, 1999 B. Unpublished Materials Learning Competencies in Science 1 for the Gifted and Talented 2010 SSES Curriculum C. Web Page http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet./articles/tvclassroom

12

Appendices

13