BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

LECTURE: 1 BUILDING TEAM

Mr. Manjally Ndow

COURSE RULES
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Attendance 5%. Any student who missed 5 classes should withdraw from the course. Lateness will not be accepted. Anyone who is 15 minutes late will not join that session. Mobile phone(s) switched off or on silent mode during lectures. Ask questions on the subject matter. No late submission of assignment or make up test would be encouraged.

OBJECTIVES
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To understand the roles of different members in a building team. To understand the relationship between the client and the construction team. Describe the building components.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
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A study of the theoretical and practical aspect of a building suitable for human activities. It also deals with Building methods Building protection Durability Handling or utilization

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTIONS
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The methods of constructing buildings could depend on several factors and these include The prevailing weather conditions The type of materials available The topography of the ground The purpose of the building

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIONS
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Solid or traditional Structural steel frame Reinforced concrete Modular system Liftslab

Solid
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Solid load bearing walls Commonly made of brick, concrete blocks or stone Cast iron columns Cast iron or timber beams

Structural steel frame

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Skeletal framework often complex Loads carried by beams Structure is covered by cladding Large use of glass and fibres.

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Reinforced concrete
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Alternative to steel frame Columns support beams on which are laid slab flooring sections Columns, beams and slabs cast to form a monolithic structure

Modular system
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Prefabricated components used. Specially designed connectors Encased in concrete to provide a degree of fire and corrosion protection.

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Liftslab
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Building framework formed by columns Hydraulic rams used to lift roof and floors into position Height can be increased by splicing on additional sections of column.

BUILDING TEAM
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Building is essentially a team effort, each member has a vital role to play. The composition of any building team depends on: The size of the building . The size of the contract. The building type (low or high rise)

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 1

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CLIENT Commissions the work and directly or indirectly employs all those who are involved in the building operations. Types of clients are: PRIVATE SECTOR CLIENT Private Individuals. Partnerships. Limited liability companies.

Types of clients (Contd)

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PUBLIC SECTOR CLIENT Local authorities Government Departments Statutory authorities Public undertakings

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 2

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ARCHITECT Is engaged by the building owner as his/her agent to design; advice and ensure that the project is kept within cost and complies with the design. QUANTITY SURVEYOR Prepares bill of quantities (BOQ), check tender documents, prepares interim valuations and advise the architect on the cost of variations.

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 3

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ENGINEERS Are specialists such as the Structural engineer who is employed to work with the architect on the design especially on stability of the structure. The Service engineer include acoustics, fire precautions, heating, lighting, plumbing, sanitation, telecommunication

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 4

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SITE AGENT A representative of the engineer on site, especially in large contracts. CONTRACTOR Employed by the building owner on the basis of the architects advice to carry out the construction work. He takes instructions from the architect.

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 5

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CLERKS OF WORKS (COW) Employed by the client based on the recommendations of the architect on large contracts to act as on site representative. He has liaison powers and cannot issue instructions on his own behalf; he can only offer advice where necessary. ACCOUNTANT Prepares and submits accounts to clients, makes payment to suppliers and sub-contractors.

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 6

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SURVEYOR Employed by the contractor to check and assist the quantity surveyor in the preparation of interim valuations and final accounts. He may also measure work done for bonus and sub-contractor payments.

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 7

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ESTIMATOR Is responsible for the preparation of unit rates for pricing of tenders and carries out pre-tender investigations into the cost aspects of the proposed contract. BUYER Orders materials, obtains quotations for the supply of materials and services.

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 8

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ADMINISTRATOR Organizes the general clerical duties of the contractors office for the payment of wages, insurances and all necessary correspondences. CONTRACTS MANAGER Liaises between the site and office and has the overall responsibility for the site operations.

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 9

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GENERAL FOREMAN Is the contractors on site representative for the day-to-day running of the site. TRADES FOREMAN Answerable to the general foreman and is in charge of a trade gang. OPERATIVES Main workforce on site, including tradesmen, apprentices and laborers.

BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 10

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BUILDING CONTROL OFFICER Is a representative of a local authority, to whom the contract drawings are submitted at the design stage to ensure that they conform to the requirements of the Building Regulations and Planning Control. He also visits the site on regular stages to carry out statutory inspections.

SOURCES OF CAPITAL

CLIENT

SOLICITOR

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SERVICE ENGINEER(S)

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

FIRE, PLANNING & OTHER OFFICERS

ARCHITECT

BUILDING CONTROL OFFICER

COW

NOMINATED SUPPLIER

NOMINATED SUBCONTRACTORS

PRIVATE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

MAIN CONTRACTOR

FACTORY INSPECTORS

SUPPLIERS

SUB CONTRACTORS

PLANT HIRERS

LABOUR -ONLY SUB CONTRACTORS

FIG.1 THE MAIN PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF BUILDING

CLIENT
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROL UNIT

ARCHITECT

CONTRACTOR

BUILDING
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Building is a structure that serves the purpose of residential, school, hospital, industrial, parking and storage, agriculture It can either be for dwelling or commercial

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BUILDING COMPONENTS
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The main components are: Floor Wall Door Window Roof Foundation

FLOOR
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Can be made of the following: Concrete mixtures or bricks (that are interlocked together) Glass and/or fibres Timbers First layer is spread horizontally over the ground surface.

WALL
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Runs vertically and horizontally Usually made of cement or mud blocks, bricks, glass, etc. They provides the following: Protection and privacy Transmission of loads above the ground

DOOR
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Types Ledged and braced Flush Panel Hinged Revolving Sliding

WINDOWS
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Types Sash Casement Louvres Sliding

ROOF
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Types of construction Gable Lean to

ROOF COMPONENTS
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Valley rafter

Ridge board

Common rafter Verge

Jack or cripple rafter Hip rafter

Hip jack rafter

Barge board

Hip end

Fascia Soffit Gable end

REFERENCE
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Building Construction Illustrated by Francis D. K. Ching and Cassandra Adams, Third Edition Environment Engineering by Joseph Salvato, Third Edition

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THANK YOU ANY QUESTION OR COMMENT