Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1
Rock mass
strength
c
1
9
9
5
)
c
H
o
e
k
e
t
a
l
.
(
1
3
m & s are derived from empirical charts that
are related to rock mass quality
m ~ Friction
s ~ Cohesion
H
27 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Rock Mass Properties Rock Mass Properties - - Strength Strength
Mohr-Coulomb
Generalized Hoek-Brown
28 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Hoek Hoek- -Brown Failure Criterion Brown Failure Criterion
Intact rock strength:
mi = lab-determined
1
s = 1
3
29 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Hoek & Brown (1997)
Geological Strength Index (GSI) Geological Strength Index (GSI)
The GSI provides a system for estimating
the reduction in rock mass strength for
different geological conditions.
Values of GSI are related to both
the degree of fracturing and the
condition of the fracture surfaces.
mainly jointing mainly jointing
mainly faulting
30 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
GSI GSI ((for those familiar with rock mass classification) for those familiar with rock mass classification)
Bieniawski (1989)
Not a rock mass characteristic!
For RMR 89
*
> 23:
GSI = RMR 89
*
-5
For RMR 89
*
< 23:
GSI = 9 Log Q + 44
For RMR 89 < 23:
GSI = 9 Log
e
Q + 44
Where
Note that the Q-system quotient terms
Jw/SRF are dropped as these, likewise,
Hoek et al. (1995)
31 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
pp , ,
are not rock mass characteristics!
Hoek Hoek- -Brown Simplified Procedure Brown Simplified Procedure
A simplified procedure to determine the
Hoek-Brown rock mass strength parameters:
First, calculate m
b
:
32 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Hoek Hoek- -Brown Failure Criterion Brown Failure Criterion
for GSI >25:
Intact rock strength:
mi = lab-determined
1
s = 1
for GSI <25:
c
Rock mass strength:
mb = rock mass adjusted
1 ( k i d)
3
s = <1 (rock mass varied)
s is a rock mass constant based
on how fractured the rock mass is
33 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
f m
(where s=1 for intact rock).
GSI Disturbance Factor GSI Disturbance Factor
A disturbance
factor, D, may
also be applied to
h k the Hoek-Brown
parameters to
account for the
degree to which a degree to which a
rock mass may have
been subjected to
blast damage and
t l ti
M
a
h
(
2
0
0
4
)
stress relaxation.
W
y
l
l
i
e
&
M
di b
34 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
disturbance
factor
GSI, GSI, Hoek Hoek- -Brown & Mohr Brown & Mohr--Coulomb Coulomb
Where Mohr Coulomb properties are required (or preferred because we have Where Mohr-Coulomb properties are required (or preferred because we have
more experience and an intuitive feel for c and ), these can be derived by
fitting a linear failure envelope across the non-linear H-B envelope:
35 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
GSI, GSI, Hoek Hoek- -Brown & Mohr Brown & Mohr--Coulomb Coulomb
Where Mohr Coulomb properties are required (or preferred because we have Where Mohr-Coulomb properties are required (or preferred because we have
more experience and an intuitive feel for c and ), these can be derived by
fitting a linear failure envelope across the non-linear H-B envelope:
Note change in
sig3max for increased
slope height and slope height, and
corresponding change
in fit of linear M-C
envelope.
Check out the free copy of
Evert Hoeks notes and
H-B software available
on-line:
http://www.rocscience.com/
36 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Rock Mass Characterization & Design Rock Mass Characterization & Design
37 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Rock Mass Characterization & Design Rock Mass Characterization & Design
5
)
k
e
t
a
l
.
(
1
9
9
5
38 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
H
o
e
Lecture References Lecture References
Barton, N (1974). Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock
Mechanics 6(4): 189-236.
Beer, AJ, Stead, D. & Coggan, J.S. (2002). Estimation of the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC)
by visual comparison. Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering 35: 6574.
Bieniawski, ZT (1974). Geomechanics classification of rock masses and its application in tunnelling. In
Proceedings of the Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Denver. National
Academy of Sciences: Washington, pp. 27-32.
Bieniawski ZT (1989) Engineering Rock Mass Classifications: A Complete Manual for Engineers and Bieniawski, ZT (1989). Engineering Rock Mass Classifications: A Complete Manual for Engineers and
Geologists in Mining, Civil, and Petroleum Engineering. Wiley: New York.
Harrison, JP & Hudson, JA (2000). Engineering Rock Mechanics Part 2: Illustrative Worked
Examples. Elsevier Science: Oxford.
Hoek, E (1998). Reliability of Hoek-Brown estimates of rock mass properties and their impact on
design. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 35(1):
63-68.
Hoek, E & Brown, ET (1980). Underground Excavations in Rock. Institution of Mining and , , ( ) g f g
Metallurgy: London.
Hoek, E, Kaiser, PK & Bawden, WF (1995). Support of Underground Excavations in Hard Rock.
Balkema: Rotterdam.
H d JA & H i JP (1997) E i i R k M h i A I t d ti t th P i i l
39 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Hudson, JA & Harrison, JP (1997). Engineering Rock Mechanics An Introduction to the Principles.
Elsevier Science: Oxford.
Lecture References Lecture References
Kaiser, PK, Diederichs, MS, Martin, D, Sharpe, J & Steiner, W (2000). Underground works in
hard rock tunnelling and mining. In GeoEng2000, Melbourne. Technomic Publishing Company:
Lancaster, pp. 841-926.
Marinos, P & Hoek, E (2000). GSI A geologically friendly tool for rock mass strength estimation.
In GeoEng2000, Melbourne. Technomic Publishing Company: Lancaster, CD-ROM.
Wyllie, DC & Mah, CW (2004). Rock Slope Engineering (4
th
edition). Spon Press: London.
40 of 40 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition