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Adventure Travel
Focus on Grammar 4 Part I, Unit 3 By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells
Copyright 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Adventure Travel Ad
Are you looking for a little adventure in your life? Travel with me to beautiful Colorado. Im an experienced river rafting and rock climbing guide. Ive been guiding adventure travelers in this area for 10 years. In fact, last year, I took 30 trips down the Colorado River. Oh, and dont worry about safety. Ive also taken a number of first aid and safety courses. No one has ever broken any bones on my trips!
Simple Past 1
Use the simple past to talk about things that happened and were completed in the past.
I rafted down the Nile River a year ago. I kayaked in the Grand Canyon for two months.
rafted
past
kayaked Use ago to show when something Hes not started. kayaking now.
future now
Perfect Tenses 1
Use the present perfect and the present perfect progressive to talk about things that started in the past, but were not completed.
I have guided travelers my entire career. I have been rock climbing for 10 years.
past future
now
have guided have been rock climbing These things continue up to the present and may continue into the future.
Remember!
Non-action (stative) verbs are not usually used in the progressive.
Ive been knowing how to rock climb since I was young. Ive known how to rock climb since I was young.
Perfect Tenses 2
We often use the present perfect and the present perfect progressive with for and since. Use for to show how long something has been true and since to show when something started.
I have trained for six years to take this trip. since 2000. 2000. He has been guiding trips since
for six years
have trained has been guiding
past
future
now
since 2000
Simple Past 2
Use the simple past with past time expressions.
lastyear. year. We trekked through the Andes Mountains last ago. He backpacked in Peru two months ago.
past now
future
Be Careful!
Dont use specific time expressions with the present perfect except after since.
last year. year. She has taken skydiving lessons last She took skydiving lessons last last year. year. since 2004. 2004. She has taken skydiving lessons since
Practice 1
Fill in the blanks with the simple past, present perfect, or present perfect progressive forms of the verbs in parentheses.
Dear Mom and Dad, I (sit) ____________________________ here for have sat/have been sitting hours looking at the beautiful birds in the rain forest. This vacation to Brazil (be) ____________ wonderful! has been I (see) ____________ have seen so many amazing animals since I arrived here. Last week, I (hike) _______________ hiked through the forest to see the tree monkeys. Our guide on told us some very interesting that trip (tell) ___________ information. I (learned) ___________________ have learned/have ________________ been learning so much on this trip!
Love, Daniela
Present Perfect 1
Use the present perfect without time expressions to talk about things that happened at some indefinite time in the past.
past
We dont know when they canoed down the river, or the time is not important.
future now
Present Perfect 2
The present perfect without for or since shows that an activity is finished. We often say how many or how many times with this use of the present perfect.
past now
future
past
future now
The month isnt over, but she probably wont travel again this month.
Practice 2
Look at the groups of sentences. Discuss the differences in meaning with a partner.
Example: a. I have have visited visited Kenya three times this year. b. I visited Kenya three times this year. 1. a. I have taken many first-aid courses. b. I have been taking many first-aid courses. The year isnt The year isnt over, but the over. The use 2. a. She rafted down the Nile River last week. use of the of the present simple past perfect means b. She has rafted down the Nile River. means that she that she might probably wont return again to 3. a. We lived in Nepal for two years. return to Kenya. Kenya.
References
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.